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-/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 2 -*- */
-/* vim: set ts=8 sts=2 et sw=2 tw=80: */
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-
-#ifndef LulMain_h
-#define LulMain_h
-
-#include "LulPlatformMacros.h"
-#include "mozilla/Atomics.h"
-
-// LUL: A Lightweight Unwind Library.
-// This file provides the end-user (external) interface for LUL.
-
-// Some comments about naming in the implementation. These are safe
-// to ignore if you are merely using LUL, but are important if you
-// hack on its internals.
-//
-// Debuginfo readers in general have tended to use the word "address"
-// to mean several different things. This sometimes makes them
-// difficult to understand and maintain. LUL tries hard to avoid
-// using the word "address" and instead uses the following more
-// precise terms:
-//
-// * SVMA ("Stated Virtual Memory Address"): this is an address of a
-// symbol (etc) as it is stated in the symbol table, or other
-// metadata, of an object. Such values are typically small and
-// start from zero or thereabouts, unless the object has been
-// prelinked.
-//
-// * AVMA ("Actual Virtual Memory Address"): this is the address of a
-// symbol (etc) in a running process, that is, once the associated
-// object has been mapped into a process. Such values are typically
-// much larger than SVMAs, since objects can get mapped arbitrarily
-// far along the address space.
-//
-// * "Bias": the difference between AVMA and SVMA for a given symbol
-// (specifically, AVMA - SVMA). The bias is always an integral
-// number of pages. Once we know the bias for a given object's
-// text section (for example), we can compute the AVMAs of all of
-// its text symbols by adding the bias to their SVMAs.
-//
-// * "Image address": typically, to read debuginfo from an object we
-// will temporarily mmap in the file so as to read symbol tables
-// etc. Addresses in this temporary mapping are called "Image
-// addresses". Note that the temporary mapping is entirely
-// unrelated to the mappings of the file that the dynamic linker
-// must perform merely in order to get the program to run. Hence
-// image addresses are unrelated to either SVMAs or AVMAs.
-
-
-namespace lul {
-
-// A machine word plus validity tag.
-class TaggedUWord {
-public:
- // RUNS IN NO-MALLOC CONTEXT
- // Construct a valid one.
- explicit TaggedUWord(uintptr_t w)
- : mValue(w)
- , mValid(true)
- {}
-
- // RUNS IN NO-MALLOC CONTEXT
- // Construct an invalid one.
- TaggedUWord()
- : mValue(0)
- , mValid(false)
- {}
-
- // RUNS IN NO-MALLOC CONTEXT
- TaggedUWord operator+(TaggedUWord rhs) const {
- return (Valid() && rhs.Valid()) ? TaggedUWord(Value() + rhs.Value())
- : TaggedUWord();
- }
-
- // RUNS IN NO-MALLOC CONTEXT
- TaggedUWord operator-(TaggedUWord rhs) const {
- return (Valid() && rhs.Valid()) ? TaggedUWord(Value() - rhs.Value())
- : TaggedUWord();
- }
-
- // RUNS IN NO-MALLOC CONTEXT
- TaggedUWord operator&(TaggedUWord rhs) const {
- return (Valid() && rhs.Valid()) ? TaggedUWord(Value() & rhs.Value())
- : TaggedUWord();
- }
-
- // RUNS IN NO-MALLOC CONTEXT
- TaggedUWord operator|(TaggedUWord rhs) const {
- return (Valid() && rhs.Valid()) ? TaggedUWord(Value() | rhs.Value())
- : TaggedUWord();
- }
-
- // RUNS IN NO-MALLOC CONTEXT
- TaggedUWord CmpGEs(TaggedUWord rhs) const {
- if (Valid() && rhs.Valid()) {
- intptr_t s1 = (intptr_t)Value();
- intptr_t s2 = (intptr_t)rhs.Value();
- return TaggedUWord(s1 >= s2 ? 1 : 0);
- }
- return TaggedUWord();
- }
-
- // RUNS IN NO-MALLOC CONTEXT
- TaggedUWord operator<<(TaggedUWord rhs) const {
- if (Valid() && rhs.Valid()) {
- uintptr_t shift = rhs.Value();
- if (shift < 8 * sizeof(uintptr_t))
- return TaggedUWord(Value() << shift);
- }
- return TaggedUWord();
- }
-
- // RUNS IN NO-MALLOC CONTEXT
- // Is equal? Note: non-validity on either side gives non-equality.
- bool operator==(TaggedUWord other) const {
- return (mValid && other.Valid()) ? (mValue == other.Value()) : false;
- }
-
- // RUNS IN NO-MALLOC CONTEXT
- // Is it word-aligned?
- bool IsAligned() const {
- return mValid && (mValue & (sizeof(uintptr_t)-1)) == 0;
- }
-
- // RUNS IN NO-MALLOC CONTEXT
- uintptr_t Value() const { return mValue; }
-
- // RUNS IN NO-MALLOC CONTEXT
- bool Valid() const { return mValid; }
-
-private:
- uintptr_t mValue;
- bool mValid;
-};
-
-
-// The registers, with validity tags, that will be unwound.
-
-struct UnwindRegs {
-#if defined(LUL_ARCH_arm)
- TaggedUWord r7;
- TaggedUWord r11;
- TaggedUWord r12;
- TaggedUWord r13;
- TaggedUWord r14;
- TaggedUWord r15;
-#elif defined(LUL_ARCH_x64) || defined(LUL_ARCH_x86)
- TaggedUWord xbp;
- TaggedUWord xsp;
- TaggedUWord xip;
-#else
-# error "Unknown plat"
-#endif
-};
-
-
-// The maximum number of bytes in a stack snapshot. This can be
-// increased if necessary, but larger values cost performance, since a
-// stack snapshot needs to be copied between sampling and worker
-// threads for each snapshot. In practice 32k seems to be enough
-// to get good backtraces.
-static const size_t N_STACK_BYTES = 32768;
-
-// The stack chunk image that will be unwound.
-struct StackImage {
- // [start_avma, +len) specify the address range in the buffer.
- // Obviously we require 0 <= len <= N_STACK_BYTES.
- uintptr_t mStartAvma;
- size_t mLen;
- uint8_t mContents[N_STACK_BYTES];
-};
-
-
-// Statistics collection for the unwinder.
-template<typename T>
-class LULStats {
-public:
- LULStats()
- : mContext(0)
- , mCFI(0)
- , mScanned(0)
- {}
-
- template <typename S>
- explicit LULStats(const LULStats<S>& aOther)
- : mContext(aOther.mContext)
- , mCFI(aOther.mCFI)
- , mScanned(aOther.mScanned)
- {}
-
- template <typename S>
- LULStats<T>& operator=(const LULStats<S>& aOther)
- {
- mContext = aOther.mContext;
- mCFI = aOther.mCFI;
- mScanned = aOther.mScanned;
- return *this;
- }
-
- template <typename S>
- uint32_t operator-(const LULStats<S>& aOther) {
- return (mContext - aOther.mContext) +
- (mCFI - aOther.mCFI) + (mScanned - aOther.mScanned);
- }
-
- T mContext; // Number of context frames
- T mCFI; // Number of CFI/EXIDX frames
- T mScanned; // Number of scanned frames
-};
-
-
-// The core unwinder library class. Just one of these is needed, and
-// it can be shared by multiple unwinder threads.
-//
-// The library operates in one of two modes.
-//
-// * Admin mode. The library is this state after creation. In Admin
-// mode, no unwinding may be performed. It is however allowable to
-// perform administrative tasks -- primarily, loading of unwind info
-// -- in this mode. In particular, it is safe for the library to
-// perform dynamic memory allocation in this mode. Safe in the
-// sense that there is no risk of deadlock against unwinding threads
-// that might -- because of where they have been sampled -- hold the
-// system's malloc lock.
-//
-// * Unwind mode. In this mode, calls to ::Unwind may be made, but
-// nothing else. ::Unwind guarantees not to make any dynamic memory
-// requests, so as to guarantee that the calling thread won't
-// deadlock in the case where it already holds the system's malloc lock.
-//
-// The library is created in Admin mode. After debuginfo is loaded,
-// the caller must switch it into Unwind mode by calling
-// ::EnableUnwinding. There is no way to switch it back to Admin mode
-// after that. To safely switch back to Admin mode would require the
-// caller (or other external agent) to guarantee that there are no
-// pending ::Unwind calls.
-
-class PriMap;
-class SegArray;
-class UniqueStringUniverse;
-
-class LUL {
-public:
- // Create; supply a logging sink. Sets the object in Admin mode.
- explicit LUL(void (*aLog)(const char*));
-
- // Destroy. Caller is responsible for ensuring that no other
- // threads are in Unwind calls. All resources are freed and all
- // registered unwinder threads are deregistered. Can be called
- // either in Admin or Unwind mode.
- ~LUL();
-
- // Notify the library that unwinding is now allowed and so
- // admin-mode calls are no longer allowed. The object is initially
- // created in admin mode. The only possible transition is
- // admin->unwinding, therefore.
- void EnableUnwinding();
-
- // Notify of a new r-x mapping, and load the associated unwind info.
- // The filename is strdup'd and used for debug printing. If
- // aMappedImage is NULL, this function will mmap/munmap the file
- // itself, so as to be able to read the unwind info. If
- // aMappedImage is non-NULL then it is assumed to point to a
- // called-supplied and caller-managed mapped image of the file.
- // May only be called in Admin mode.
- void NotifyAfterMap(uintptr_t aRXavma, size_t aSize,
- const char* aFileName, const void* aMappedImage);
-
- // In rare cases we know an executable area exists but don't know
- // what the associated file is. This call notifies LUL of such
- // areas. This is important for correct functioning of stack
- // scanning and of the x86-{linux,android} special-case
- // __kernel_syscall function handling.
- // This must be called only after the code area in
- // question really has been mapped.
- // May only be called in Admin mode.
- void NotifyExecutableArea(uintptr_t aRXavma, size_t aSize);
-
- // Notify that a mapped area has been unmapped; discard any
- // associated unwind info. Acquires mRWlock for writing. Note that
- // to avoid segfaulting the stack-scan unwinder, which inspects code
- // areas, this must be called before the code area in question is
- // really unmapped. Note that, unlike NotifyAfterMap(), this
- // function takes the start and end addresses of the range to be
- // unmapped, rather than a start and a length parameter. This is so
- // as to make it possible to notify an unmap for the entire address
- // space using a single call.
- // May only be called in Admin mode.
- void NotifyBeforeUnmap(uintptr_t aAvmaMin, uintptr_t aAvmaMax);
-
- // Apply NotifyBeforeUnmap to the entire address space. This causes
- // LUL to discard all unwind and executable-area information for the
- // entire address space.
- // May only be called in Admin mode.
- void NotifyBeforeUnmapAll() {
- NotifyBeforeUnmap(0, UINTPTR_MAX);
- }
-
- // Returns the number of mappings currently registered.
- // May only be called in Admin mode.
- size_t CountMappings();
-
- // Unwind |aStackImg| starting with the context in |aStartRegs|.
- // Write the number of frames recovered in *aFramesUsed. Put
- // the PC values in aFramePCs[0 .. *aFramesUsed-1] and
- // the SP values in aFrameSPs[0 .. *aFramesUsed-1].
- // |aFramesAvail| is the size of the two output arrays and hence the
- // largest possible value of *aFramesUsed. PC values are always
- // valid, and the unwind will stop when the PC becomes invalid, but
- // the SP values might be invalid, in which case the value zero will
- // be written in the relevant frameSPs[] slot.
- //
- // Unwinding may optionally use stack scanning. The maximum number
- // of frames that may be recovered by stack scanning is
- // |aScannedFramesAllowed| and the actual number recovered is
- // written into *aScannedFramesAcquired. |aScannedFramesAllowed|
- // must be less than or equal to |aFramesAvail|.
- //
- // This function assumes that the SP values increase as it unwinds
- // away from the innermost frame -- that is, that the stack grows
- // down. It monitors SP values as it unwinds to check they
- // decrease, so as to avoid looping on corrupted stacks.
- //
- // May only be called in Unwind mode. Multiple threads may unwind
- // at once. LUL user is responsible for ensuring that no thread makes
- // any Admin calls whilst in Unwind mode.
- // MOZ_CRASHes if the calling thread is not registered for unwinding.
- //
- // Up to aScannedFramesAllowed stack-scanned frames may be recovered.
- //
- // The calling thread must previously have been registered via a call to
- // RegisterSampledThread.
- void Unwind(/*OUT*/uintptr_t* aFramePCs,
- /*OUT*/uintptr_t* aFrameSPs,
- /*OUT*/size_t* aFramesUsed,
- /*OUT*/size_t* aScannedFramesAcquired,
- size_t aFramesAvail,
- size_t aScannedFramesAllowed,
- UnwindRegs* aStartRegs, StackImage* aStackImg);
-
- // The logging sink. Call to send debug strings to the caller-
- // specified destination. Can only be called by the Admin thread.
- void (*mLog)(const char*);
-
- // Statistics relating to unwinding. These have to be atomic since
- // unwinding can occur on different threads simultaneously.
- LULStats<mozilla::Atomic<uint32_t>> mStats;
-
- // Possibly show the statistics. This may not be called from any
- // registered sampling thread, since it involves I/O.
- void MaybeShowStats();
-
-private:
- // The statistics counters at the point where they were last printed.
- LULStats<uint32_t> mStatsPrevious;
-
- // Are we in admin mode? Initially |true| but changes to |false|
- // once unwinding begins.
- bool mAdminMode;
-
- // The thread ID associated with admin mode. This is the only thread
- // that is allowed do perform non-Unwind calls on this object. Conversely,
- // no registered Unwinding thread may be the admin thread. This is so
- // as to clearly partition the one thread that may do dynamic memory
- // allocation from the threads that are being sampled, since the latter
- // absolutely may not do dynamic memory allocation.
- int mAdminThreadId;
-
- // The top level mapping from code address ranges to postprocessed
- // unwind info. Basically a sorted array of (addr, len, info)
- // records. This field is updated by NotifyAfterMap and NotifyBeforeUnmap.
- PriMap* mPriMap;
-
- // An auxiliary structure that records which address ranges are
- // mapped r-x, for the benefit of the stack scanner.
- SegArray* mSegArray;
-
- // A UniqueStringUniverse that holds all the strdup'd strings created
- // whilst reading unwind information. This is included so as to make
- // it possible to free them in ~LUL.
- UniqueStringUniverse* mUSU;
-};
-
-
-// Run unit tests on an initialised, loaded-up LUL instance, and print
-// summary results on |aLUL|'s logging sink. Also return the number
-// of tests run in *aNTests and the number that passed in
-// *aNTestsPassed.
-void
-RunLulUnitTests(/*OUT*/int* aNTests, /*OUT*/int*aNTestsPassed, LUL* aLUL);
-
-} // namespace lul
-
-#endif // LulMain_h