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-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2001-2016, Alliance for Open Media. All rights reserved
- *
- * This source code is subject to the terms of the BSD 2 Clause License and
- * the Alliance for Open Media Patent License 1.0. If the BSD 2 Clause License
- * was not distributed with this source code in the LICENSE file, you can
- * obtain it at www.aomedia.org/license/software. If the Alliance for Open
- * Media Patent License 1.0 was not distributed with this source code in the
- * PATENTS file, you can obtain it at www.aomedia.org/license/patent.
- */
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <math.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include "aom_dsp/entenc.h"
-#include "aom_dsp/prob.h"
-
-#if OD_MEASURE_EC_OVERHEAD
-#if !defined(M_LOG2E)
-#define M_LOG2E (1.4426950408889634073599246810019)
-#endif
-#define OD_LOG2(x) (M_LOG2E * log(x))
-#endif // OD_MEASURE_EC_OVERHEAD
-
-/*A range encoder.
- See entdec.c and the references for implementation details \cite{Mar79,MNW98}.
-
- @INPROCEEDINGS{Mar79,
- author="Martin, G.N.N.",
- title="Range encoding: an algorithm for removing redundancy from a digitised
- message",
- booktitle="Video \& Data Recording Conference",
- year=1979,
- address="Southampton",
- month=Jul,
- URL="http://www.compressconsult.com/rangecoder/rngcod.pdf.gz"
- }
- @ARTICLE{MNW98,
- author="Alistair Moffat and Radford Neal and Ian H. Witten",
- title="Arithmetic Coding Revisited",
- journal="{ACM} Transactions on Information Systems",
- year=1998,
- volume=16,
- number=3,
- pages="256--294",
- month=Jul,
- URL="http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/78/content.pdf"
- }*/
-
-/*Takes updated low and range values, renormalizes them so that
- 32768 <= rng < 65536 (flushing bytes from low to the pre-carry buffer if
- necessary), and stores them back in the encoder context.
- low: The new value of low.
- rng: The new value of the range.*/
-static void od_ec_enc_normalize(od_ec_enc *enc, od_ec_window low,
- unsigned rng) {
- int d;
- int c;
- int s;
- c = enc->cnt;
- assert(rng <= 65535U);
- // The number of leading zeros in the 16-bit binary representation of rng.
- d = 16 - OD_ILOG_NZ(rng);
- s = c + d;
- /*TODO: Right now we flush every time we have at least one byte available.
- Instead we should use an od_ec_window and flush right before we're about to
- shift bits off the end of the window.
- For a 32-bit window this is about the same amount of work, but for a 64-bit
- window it should be a fair win.*/
- if (s >= 0) {
- uint16_t *buf;
- uint32_t storage;
- uint32_t offs;
- unsigned m;
- buf = enc->precarry_buf;
- storage = enc->precarry_storage;
- offs = enc->offs;
- if (offs + 2 > storage) {
- storage = 2 * storage + 2;
- buf = (uint16_t *)realloc(buf, sizeof(*buf) * storage);
- if (buf == NULL) {
- enc->error = -1;
- enc->offs = 0;
- return;
- }
- enc->precarry_buf = buf;
- enc->precarry_storage = storage;
- }
- c += 16;
- m = (1 << c) - 1;
- if (s >= 8) {
- assert(offs < storage);
- buf[offs++] = (uint16_t)(low >> c);
- low &= m;
- c -= 8;
- m >>= 8;
- }
- assert(offs < storage);
- buf[offs++] = (uint16_t)(low >> c);
- s = c + d - 24;
- low &= m;
- enc->offs = offs;
- }
- enc->low = low << d;
- enc->rng = rng << d;
- enc->cnt = s;
-}
-
-/*Initializes the encoder.
- size: The initial size of the buffer, in bytes.*/
-void od_ec_enc_init(od_ec_enc *enc, uint32_t size) {
- od_ec_enc_reset(enc);
- enc->buf = (unsigned char *)malloc(sizeof(*enc->buf) * size);
- enc->storage = size;
- if (size > 0 && enc->buf == NULL) {
- enc->storage = 0;
- enc->error = -1;
- }
- enc->precarry_buf = (uint16_t *)malloc(sizeof(*enc->precarry_buf) * size);
- enc->precarry_storage = size;
- if (size > 0 && enc->precarry_buf == NULL) {
- enc->precarry_storage = 0;
- enc->error = -1;
- }
-}
-
-/*Reinitializes the encoder.*/
-void od_ec_enc_reset(od_ec_enc *enc) {
- enc->offs = 0;
- enc->low = 0;
- enc->rng = 0x8000;
- /*This is initialized to -9 so that it crosses zero after we've accumulated
- one byte + one carry bit.*/
- enc->cnt = -9;
- enc->error = 0;
-#if OD_MEASURE_EC_OVERHEAD
- enc->entropy = 0;
- enc->nb_symbols = 0;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*Frees the buffers used by the encoder.*/
-void od_ec_enc_clear(od_ec_enc *enc) {
- free(enc->precarry_buf);
- free(enc->buf);
-}
-
-/*Encodes a symbol given its frequency in Q15.
- fl: CDF_PROB_TOP minus the cumulative frequency of all symbols that come
- before the
- one to be encoded.
- fh: CDF_PROB_TOP minus the cumulative frequency of all symbols up to and
- including
- the one to be encoded.*/
-static void od_ec_encode_q15(od_ec_enc *enc, unsigned fl, unsigned fh, int s,
- int nsyms) {
- od_ec_window l;
- unsigned r;
- unsigned u;
- unsigned v;
- l = enc->low;
- r = enc->rng;
- assert(32768U <= r);
- assert(fh <= fl);
- assert(fl <= 32768U);
- assert(7 - EC_PROB_SHIFT - CDF_SHIFT >= 0);
- const int N = nsyms - 1;
- if (fl < CDF_PROB_TOP) {
- u = ((r >> 8) * (uint32_t)(fl >> EC_PROB_SHIFT) >>
- (7 - EC_PROB_SHIFT - CDF_SHIFT)) +
- EC_MIN_PROB * (N - (s - 1));
- v = ((r >> 8) * (uint32_t)(fh >> EC_PROB_SHIFT) >>
- (7 - EC_PROB_SHIFT - CDF_SHIFT)) +
- EC_MIN_PROB * (N - (s + 0));
- l += r - u;
- r = u - v;
- } else {
- r -= ((r >> 8) * (uint32_t)(fh >> EC_PROB_SHIFT) >>
- (7 - EC_PROB_SHIFT - CDF_SHIFT)) +
- EC_MIN_PROB * (N - (s + 0));
- }
- od_ec_enc_normalize(enc, l, r);
-#if OD_MEASURE_EC_OVERHEAD
- enc->entropy -= OD_LOG2((double)(OD_ICDF(fh) - OD_ICDF(fl)) / CDF_PROB_TOP.);
- enc->nb_symbols++;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*Encode a single binary value.
- val: The value to encode (0 or 1).
- f: The probability that the val is one, scaled by 32768.*/
-void od_ec_encode_bool_q15(od_ec_enc *enc, int val, unsigned f) {
- od_ec_window l;
- unsigned r;
- unsigned v;
- assert(0 < f);
- assert(f < 32768U);
- l = enc->low;
- r = enc->rng;
- assert(32768U <= r);
- v = ((r >> 8) * (uint32_t)(f >> EC_PROB_SHIFT) >> (7 - EC_PROB_SHIFT));
- v += EC_MIN_PROB;
- if (val) l += r - v;
- r = val ? v : r - v;
- od_ec_enc_normalize(enc, l, r);
-#if OD_MEASURE_EC_OVERHEAD
- enc->entropy -= OD_LOG2((double)(val ? f : (32768 - f)) / 32768.);
- enc->nb_symbols++;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*Encodes a symbol given a cumulative distribution function (CDF) table in Q15.
- s: The index of the symbol to encode.
- icdf: 32768 minus the CDF, such that symbol s falls in the range
- [s > 0 ? (32768 - icdf[s - 1]) : 0, 32768 - icdf[s]).
- The values must be monotonically decreasing, and icdf[nsyms - 1] must
- be 0.
- nsyms: The number of symbols in the alphabet.
- This should be at most 16.*/
-void od_ec_encode_cdf_q15(od_ec_enc *enc, int s, const uint16_t *icdf,
- int nsyms) {
- (void)nsyms;
- assert(s >= 0);
- assert(s < nsyms);
- assert(icdf[nsyms - 1] == OD_ICDF(CDF_PROB_TOP));
- od_ec_encode_q15(enc, s > 0 ? icdf[s - 1] : OD_ICDF(0), icdf[s], s, nsyms);
-}
-
-/*Overwrites a few bits at the very start of an existing stream, after they
- have already been encoded.
- This makes it possible to have a few flags up front, where it is easy for
- decoders to access them without parsing the whole stream, even if their
- values are not determined until late in the encoding process, without having
- to buffer all the intermediate symbols in the encoder.
- In order for this to work, at least nbits bits must have already been encoded
- using probabilities that are an exact power of two.
- The encoder can verify the number of encoded bits is sufficient, but cannot
- check this latter condition.
- val: The bits to encode (in the least nbits significant bits).
- They will be decoded in order from most-significant to least.
- nbits: The number of bits to overwrite.
- This must be no more than 8.*/
-void od_ec_enc_patch_initial_bits(od_ec_enc *enc, unsigned val, int nbits) {
- int shift;
- unsigned mask;
- assert(nbits >= 0);
- assert(nbits <= 8);
- assert(val < 1U << nbits);
- shift = 8 - nbits;
- mask = ((1U << nbits) - 1) << shift;
- if (enc->offs > 0) {
- /*The first byte has been finalized.*/
- enc->precarry_buf[0] =
- (uint16_t)((enc->precarry_buf[0] & ~mask) | val << shift);
- } else if (9 + enc->cnt + (enc->rng == 0x8000) > nbits) {
- /*The first byte has yet to be output.*/
- enc->low = (enc->low & ~((od_ec_window)mask << (16 + enc->cnt))) |
- (od_ec_window)val << (16 + enc->cnt + shift);
- } else {
- /*The encoder hasn't even encoded _nbits of data yet.*/
- enc->error = -1;
- }
-}
-
-#if OD_MEASURE_EC_OVERHEAD
-#include <stdio.h>
-#endif
-
-/*Indicates that there are no more symbols to encode.
- All remaining output bytes are flushed to the output buffer.
- od_ec_enc_reset() should be called before using the encoder again.
- bytes: Returns the size of the encoded data in the returned buffer.
- Return: A pointer to the start of the final buffer, or NULL if there was an
- encoding error.*/
-unsigned char *od_ec_enc_done(od_ec_enc *enc, uint32_t *nbytes) {
- unsigned char *out;
- uint32_t storage;
- uint16_t *buf;
- uint32_t offs;
- od_ec_window m;
- od_ec_window e;
- od_ec_window l;
- int c;
- int s;
- if (enc->error) return NULL;
-#if OD_MEASURE_EC_OVERHEAD
- {
- uint32_t tell;
- /* Don't count the 1 bit we lose to raw bits as overhead. */
- tell = od_ec_enc_tell(enc) - 1;
- fprintf(stderr, "overhead: %f%%\n",
- 100 * (tell - enc->entropy) / enc->entropy);
- fprintf(stderr, "efficiency: %f bits/symbol\n",
- (double)tell / enc->nb_symbols);
- }
-#endif
- /*We output the minimum number of bits that ensures that the symbols encoded
- thus far will be decoded correctly regardless of the bits that follow.*/
- l = enc->low;
- c = enc->cnt;
- s = 10;
- m = 0x3FFF;
- e = ((l + m) & ~m) | (m + 1);
- s += c;
- offs = enc->offs;
- buf = enc->precarry_buf;
- if (s > 0) {
- unsigned n;
- storage = enc->precarry_storage;
- if (offs + ((s + 7) >> 3) > storage) {
- storage = storage * 2 + ((s + 7) >> 3);
- buf = (uint16_t *)realloc(buf, sizeof(*buf) * storage);
- if (buf == NULL) {
- enc->error = -1;
- return NULL;
- }
- enc->precarry_buf = buf;
- enc->precarry_storage = storage;
- }
- n = (1 << (c + 16)) - 1;
- do {
- assert(offs < storage);
- buf[offs++] = (uint16_t)(e >> (c + 16));
- e &= n;
- s -= 8;
- c -= 8;
- n >>= 8;
- } while (s > 0);
- }
- /*Make sure there's enough room for the entropy-coded bits.*/
- out = enc->buf;
- storage = enc->storage;
- c = OD_MAXI((s + 7) >> 3, 0);
- if (offs + c > storage) {
- storage = offs + c;
- out = (unsigned char *)realloc(out, sizeof(*out) * storage);
- if (out == NULL) {
- enc->error = -1;
- return NULL;
- }
- enc->buf = out;
- enc->storage = storage;
- }
- *nbytes = offs;
- /*Perform carry propagation.*/
- assert(offs <= storage);
- out = out + storage - offs;
- c = 0;
- while (offs > 0) {
- offs--;
- c = buf[offs] + c;
- out[offs] = (unsigned char)c;
- c >>= 8;
- }
- /*Note: Unless there's an allocation error, if you keep encoding into the
- current buffer and call this function again later, everything will work
- just fine (you won't get a new packet out, but you will get a single
- buffer with the new data appended to the old).
- However, this function is O(N) where N is the amount of data coded so far,
- so calling it more than once for a given packet is a bad idea.*/
- return out;
-}
-
-/*Returns the number of bits "used" by the encoded symbols so far.
- This same number can be computed in either the encoder or the decoder, and is
- suitable for making coding decisions.
- Warning: The value returned by this function can decrease compared to an
- earlier call, even after encoding more data, if there is an encoding error
- (i.e., a failure to allocate enough space for the output buffer).
- Return: The number of bits.
- This will always be slightly larger than the exact value (e.g., all
- rounding error is in the positive direction).*/
-int od_ec_enc_tell(const od_ec_enc *enc) {
- /*The 10 here counteracts the offset of -9 baked into cnt, and adds 1 extra
- bit, which we reserve for terminating the stream.*/
- return (enc->cnt + 10) + enc->offs * 8;
-}
-
-/*Returns the number of bits "used" by the encoded symbols so far.
- This same number can be computed in either the encoder or the decoder, and is
- suitable for making coding decisions.
- Warning: The value returned by this function can decrease compared to an
- earlier call, even after encoding more data, if there is an encoding error
- (i.e., a failure to allocate enough space for the output buffer).
- Return: The number of bits scaled by 2**OD_BITRES.
- This will always be slightly larger than the exact value (e.g., all
- rounding error is in the positive direction).*/
-uint32_t od_ec_enc_tell_frac(const od_ec_enc *enc) {
- return od_ec_tell_frac(od_ec_enc_tell(enc), enc->rng);
-}
-
-/*Saves a entropy coder checkpoint to dst.
- This allows an encoder to reverse a series of entropy coder
- decisions if it decides that the information would have been
- better coded some other way.*/
-void od_ec_enc_checkpoint(od_ec_enc *dst, const od_ec_enc *src) {
- OD_COPY(dst, src, 1);
-}
-
-/*Restores an entropy coder checkpoint saved by od_ec_enc_checkpoint.
- This can only be used to restore from checkpoints earlier in the target
- state's history: you can not switch backwards and forwards or otherwise
- switch to a state which isn't a casual ancestor of the current state.
- Restore is also incompatible with patching the initial bits, as the
- changes will remain in the restored version.*/
-void od_ec_enc_rollback(od_ec_enc *dst, const od_ec_enc *src) {
- unsigned char *buf;
- uint32_t storage;
- uint16_t *precarry_buf;
- uint32_t precarry_storage;
- assert(dst->storage >= src->storage);
- assert(dst->precarry_storage >= src->precarry_storage);
- buf = dst->buf;
- storage = dst->storage;
- precarry_buf = dst->precarry_buf;
- precarry_storage = dst->precarry_storage;
- OD_COPY(dst, src, 1);
- dst->buf = buf;
- dst->storage = storage;
- dst->precarry_buf = precarry_buf;
- dst->precarry_storage = precarry_storage;
-}