// Copyright 2013-2015 The rust-url developers. // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 or the MIT license // , at your // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed // except according to those terms. /*! rust-url is an implementation of the [URL Standard](http://url.spec.whatwg.org/) for the [Rust](http://rust-lang.org/) programming language. It builds with [Cargo](http://crates.io/). To use it in your project, add this to your `Cargo.toml` file: ```Cargo [dependencies.url] git = "https://github.com/servo/rust-url" ``` Supporting encodings other than UTF-8 in query strings is an optional feature that requires [rust-encoding](https://github.com/lifthrasiir/rust-encoding) and is off by default. You can enable it with [Cargo’s *features* mechanism](http://doc.crates.io/manifest.html#the-[features]-section): ```Cargo [dependencies.url] git = "https://github.com/servo/rust-url" features = ["query_encoding"] ``` … or by passing `--cfg 'feature="query_encoding"'` to rustc. # URL parsing and data structures First, URL parsing may fail for various reasons and therefore returns a `Result`. ``` use url::{Url, ParseError}; assert!(Url::parse("http://[:::1]") == Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address)) ``` Let’s parse a valid URL and look at its components. ``` use url::{Url, Host}; let issue_list_url = Url::parse( "https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues?labels=E-easy&state=open" ).unwrap(); assert!(issue_list_url.scheme() == "https"); assert!(issue_list_url.username() == ""); assert!(issue_list_url.password() == None); assert!(issue_list_url.host_str() == Some("github.com")); assert!(issue_list_url.host() == Some(Host::Domain("github.com"))); assert!(issue_list_url.port() == None); assert!(issue_list_url.path() == "/rust-lang/rust/issues"); assert!(issue_list_url.path_segments().map(|c| c.collect::>()) == Some(vec!["rust-lang", "rust", "issues"])); assert!(issue_list_url.query() == Some("labels=E-easy&state=open")); assert!(issue_list_url.fragment() == None); assert!(!issue_list_url.cannot_be_a_base()); ``` Some URLs are said to be *cannot-be-a-base*: they don’t have a username, password, host, or port, and their "path" is an arbitrary string rather than slash-separated segments: ``` use url::Url; let data_url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Hello?World#").unwrap(); assert!(data_url.cannot_be_a_base()); assert!(data_url.scheme() == "data"); assert!(data_url.path() == "text/plain,Hello"); assert!(data_url.path_segments().is_none()); assert!(data_url.query() == Some("World")); assert!(data_url.fragment() == Some("")); ``` # Base URL Many contexts allow URL *references* that can be relative to a *base URL*: ```html ``` Since parsed URL are absolute, giving a base is required for parsing relative URLs: ``` use url::{Url, ParseError}; assert!(Url::parse("../main.css") == Err(ParseError::RelativeUrlWithoutBase)) ``` Use the `join` method on an `Url` to use it as a base URL: ``` use url::Url; let this_document = Url::parse("http://servo.github.io/rust-url/url/index.html").unwrap(); let css_url = this_document.join("../main.css").unwrap(); assert_eq!(css_url.as_str(), "http://servo.github.io/rust-url/main.css") */ #[cfg(feature="rustc-serialize")] extern crate rustc_serialize; #[macro_use] extern crate matches; #[cfg(feature="serde")] extern crate serde; #[cfg(feature="heapsize")] #[macro_use] extern crate heapsize; pub extern crate idna; use encoding::EncodingOverride; #[cfg(feature = "heapsize")] use heapsize::HeapSizeOf; use host::HostInternal; use parser::{Parser, Context, SchemeType, to_u32}; use percent_encoding::{PATH_SEGMENT_ENCODE_SET, USERINFO_ENCODE_SET, percent_encode, percent_decode, utf8_percent_encode}; use std::cmp; use std::fmt::{self, Write}; use std::hash; use std::io; use std::mem; use std::net::{ToSocketAddrs, IpAddr}; use std::ops::{Range, RangeFrom, RangeTo}; use std::path::{Path, PathBuf}; use std::str; pub use origin::{Origin, OpaqueOrigin}; pub use host::{Host, HostAndPort, SocketAddrs}; pub use path_segments::PathSegmentsMut; pub use parser::ParseError; pub use slicing::Position; mod encoding; mod host; mod origin; mod path_segments; mod parser; mod slicing; pub mod form_urlencoded; pub mod percent_encoding; pub mod quirks; /// A parsed URL record. #[derive(Clone)] pub struct Url { /// Syntax in pseudo-BNF: /// /// url = scheme ":" [ hierarchical | non-hierarchical ] [ "?" query ]? [ "#" fragment ]? /// non-hierarchical = non-hierarchical-path /// non-hierarchical-path = /* Does not start with "/" */ /// hierarchical = authority? hierarchical-path /// authority = "//" userinfo? host [ ":" port ]? /// userinfo = username [ ":" password ]? "@" /// hierarchical-path = [ "/" path-segment ]+ serialization: String, // Components scheme_end: u32, // Before ':' username_end: u32, // Before ':' (if a password is given) or '@' (if not) host_start: u32, host_end: u32, host: HostInternal, port: Option, path_start: u32, // Before initial '/', if any query_start: Option, // Before '?', unlike Position::QueryStart fragment_start: Option, // Before '#', unlike Position::FragmentStart } #[cfg(feature = "heapsize")] impl HeapSizeOf for Url { fn heap_size_of_children(&self) -> usize { self.serialization.heap_size_of_children() } } /// Full configuration for the URL parser. #[derive(Copy, Clone)] pub struct ParseOptions<'a> { base_url: Option<&'a Url>, encoding_override: encoding::EncodingOverride, log_syntax_violation: Option<&'a Fn(&'static str)>, } impl<'a> ParseOptions<'a> { /// Change the base URL pub fn base_url(mut self, new: Option<&'a Url>) -> Self { self.base_url = new; self } /// Override the character encoding of query strings. /// This is a legacy concept only relevant for HTML. #[cfg(feature = "query_encoding")] pub fn encoding_override(mut self, new: Option) -> Self { self.encoding_override = EncodingOverride::from_opt_encoding(new).to_output_encoding(); self } /// Call the provided function or closure on non-fatal parse errors. pub fn log_syntax_violation(mut self, new: Option<&'a Fn(&'static str)>) -> Self { self.log_syntax_violation = new; self } /// Parse an URL string with the configuration so far. pub fn parse(self, input: &str) -> Result { Parser { serialization: String::with_capacity(input.len()), base_url: self.base_url, query_encoding_override: self.encoding_override, log_syntax_violation: self.log_syntax_violation, context: Context::UrlParser, }.parse_url(input) } } impl Url { /// Parse an absolute URL from a string. #[inline] pub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result { Url::options().parse(input) } /// Parse a string as an URL, with this URL as the base URL. #[inline] pub fn join(&self, input: &str) -> Result { Url::options().base_url(Some(self)).parse(input) } /// Return a default `ParseOptions` that can fully configure the URL parser. pub fn options<'a>() -> ParseOptions<'a> { ParseOptions { base_url: None, encoding_override: EncodingOverride::utf8(), log_syntax_violation: None, } } /// Return the serialization of this URL. /// /// This is fast since that serialization is already stored in the `Url` struct. #[inline] pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str { &self.serialization } /// Return the serialization of this URL. /// /// This consumes the `Url` and takes ownership of the `String` stored in it. #[inline] pub fn into_string(self) -> String { self.serialization } /// For internal testing, not part of the public API. /// /// Methods of the `Url` struct assume a number of invariants. /// This checks each of these invariants and panic if one is not met. /// This is for testing rust-url itself. #[doc(hidden)] pub fn assert_invariants(&self) { macro_rules! assert { ($x: expr) => { if !$x { panic!("!( {} ) for URL {:?}", stringify!($x), self.serialization) } } } macro_rules! assert_eq { ($a: expr, $b: expr) => { { let a = $a; let b = $b; if a != b { panic!("{:?} != {:?} ({} != {}) for URL {:?}", a, b, stringify!($a), stringify!($b), self.serialization) } } } } assert!(self.scheme_end >= 1); assert!(matches!(self.byte_at(0), b'a'...b'z' | b'A'...b'Z')); assert!(self.slice(1..self.scheme_end).chars() .all(|c| matches!(c, 'a'...'z' | 'A'...'Z' | '0'...'9' | '+' | '-' | '.'))); assert_eq!(self.byte_at(self.scheme_end), b':'); if self.slice(self.scheme_end + 1 ..).starts_with("//") { // URL with authority match self.byte_at(self.username_end) { b':' => { assert!(self.host_start >= self.username_end + 2); assert_eq!(self.byte_at(self.host_start - 1), b'@'); } b'@' => assert!(self.host_start == self.username_end + 1), _ => assert_eq!(self.username_end, self.scheme_end + 3), } assert!(self.host_start >= self.username_end); assert!(self.host_end >= self.host_start); let host_str = self.slice(self.host_start..self.host_end); match self.host { HostInternal::None => assert_eq!(host_str, ""), HostInternal::Ipv4(address) => assert_eq!(host_str, address.to_string()), HostInternal::Ipv6(address) => assert_eq!(host_str, format!("[{}]", address)), HostInternal::Domain => { if SchemeType::from(self.scheme()).is_special() { assert!(!host_str.is_empty()) } } } if self.path_start == self.host_end { assert_eq!(self.port, None); } else { assert_eq!(self.byte_at(self.host_end), b':'); let port_str = self.slice(self.host_end + 1..self.path_start); assert_eq!(self.port, Some(port_str.parse::().expect("Couldn't parse port?"))); } assert_eq!(self.byte_at(self.path_start), b'/'); } else { // Anarchist URL (no authority) assert_eq!(self.username_end, self.scheme_end + 1); assert_eq!(self.host_start, self.scheme_end + 1); assert_eq!(self.host_end, self.scheme_end + 1); assert_eq!(self.host, HostInternal::None); assert_eq!(self.port, None); assert_eq!(self.path_start, self.scheme_end + 1); } if let Some(start) = self.query_start { assert!(start > self.path_start); assert_eq!(self.byte_at(start), b'?'); } if let Some(start) = self.fragment_start { assert!(start > self.path_start); assert_eq!(self.byte_at(start), b'#'); } if let (Some(query_start), Some(fragment_start)) = (self.query_start, self.fragment_start) { assert!(fragment_start > query_start); } let other = Url::parse(self.as_str()).expect("Failed to parse myself?"); assert_eq!(&self.serialization, &other.serialization); assert_eq!(self.scheme_end, other.scheme_end); assert_eq!(self.username_end, other.username_end); assert_eq!(self.host_start, other.host_start); assert_eq!(self.host_end, other.host_end); assert!(self.host == other.host || // XXX No host round-trips to empty host. // See https://github.com/whatwg/url/issues/79 (self.host_str(), other.host_str()) == (None, Some(""))); assert_eq!(self.port, other.port); assert_eq!(self.path_start, other.path_start); assert_eq!(self.query_start, other.query_start); assert_eq!(self.fragment_start, other.fragment_start); } /// Return the origin of this URL (https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#origin) /// /// Note: this returns an opaque origin for `file:` URLs, which causes /// `url.origin() != url.origin()`. /// /// # Examples /// /// URL with `ftp` scheme: /// /// ```rust /// use url::{Host, Origin, Url}; /// /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://example.com/foo").unwrap(); /// assert_eq!(url.origin(), /// Origin::Tuple("ftp".into(), /// Host::Domain("example.com".into()), /// 21)); /// ``` /// /// URL with `blob` scheme: /// /// ```rust /// use url::{Host, Origin, Url}; /// /// let url = Url::parse("blob:https://example.com/foo").unwrap(); /// assert_eq!(url.origin(), /// Origin::Tuple("https".into(), /// Host::Domain("example.com".into()), /// 443)); /// ``` /// /// URL with `file` scheme: /// /// ```rust /// use url::{Host, Origin, Url}; /// /// let url = Url::parse("file:///tmp/foo").unwrap(); /// assert!(!url.origin().is_tuple()); /// /// let other_url = Url::parse("file:///tmp/foo").unwrap(); /// assert!(url.origin() != other_url.origin()); /// ``` /// /// URL with other scheme: /// /// ```rust /// use url::{Host, Origin, Url}; /// /// let url = Url::parse("foo:bar").unwrap(); /// assert!(!url.origin().is_tuple()); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn origin(&self) -> Origin { origin::url_origin(self) } /// Return the scheme of this URL, lower-cased, as an ASCII string without the ':' delimiter. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// /// let url = Url::parse("file:///tmp/foo").unwrap(); /// assert_eq!(url.scheme(), "file"); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn scheme(&self) -> &str { self.slice(..self.scheme_end) } /// Return whether the URL has an 'authority', /// which can contain a username, password, host, and port number. /// /// URLs that do *not* are either path-only like `unix:/run/foo.socket` /// or cannot-be-a-base like `data:text/plain,Stuff`. #[inline] pub fn has_authority(&self) -> bool { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.scheme_end) == b':'); self.slice(self.scheme_end..).starts_with("://") } /// Return whether this URL is a cannot-be-a-base URL, /// meaning that parsing a relative URL string with this URL as the base will return an error. /// /// This is the case if the scheme and `:` delimiter are not followed by a `/` slash, /// as is typically the case of `data:` and `mailto:` URLs. #[inline] pub fn cannot_be_a_base(&self) -> bool { self.byte_at(self.path_start) != b'/' } /// Return the username for this URL (typically the empty string) /// as a percent-encoded ASCII string. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com").unwrap(); /// assert_eq!(url.username(), "rms"); /// /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://:secret123@example.com").unwrap(); /// assert_eq!(url.username(), ""); /// /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com").unwrap(); /// assert_eq!(url.username(), ""); /// ``` pub fn username(&self) -> &str { if self.has_authority() { self.slice(self.scheme_end + ("://".len() as u32)..self.username_end) } else { "" } } /// Return the password for this URL, if any, as a percent-encoded ASCII string. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms:secret123@example.com").unwrap(); /// assert_eq!(url.password(), Some("secret123")); /// /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://:secret123@example.com").unwrap(); /// assert_eq!(url.password(), Some("secret123")); /// /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com").unwrap(); /// assert_eq!(url.password(), None); /// /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com").unwrap(); /// assert_eq!(url.password(), None); /// ``` pub fn password(&self) -> Option<&str> { // This ':' is not the one marking a port number since a host can not be empty. // (Except for file: URLs, which do not have port numbers.) if self.has_authority() && self.byte_at(self.username_end) == b':' { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.host_start - 1) == b'@'); Some(self.slice(self.username_end + 1..self.host_start - 1)) } else { None } } /// Equivalent to `url.host().is_some()`. pub fn has_host(&self) -> bool { !matches!(self.host, HostInternal::None) } /// Return the string representation of the host (domain or IP address) for this URL, if any. /// /// Non-ASCII domains are punycode-encoded per IDNA. /// IPv6 addresses are given between `[` and `]` brackets. /// /// Cannot-be-a-base URLs (typical of `data:` and `mailto:`) and some `file:` URLs /// don’t have a host. /// /// See also the `host` method. pub fn host_str(&self) -> Option<&str> { if self.has_host() { Some(self.slice(self.host_start..self.host_end)) } else { None } } /// Return the parsed representation of the host for this URL. /// Non-ASCII domain labels are punycode-encoded per IDNA. /// /// Cannot-be-a-base URLs (typical of `data:` and `mailto:`) and some `file:` URLs /// don’t have a host. /// /// See also the `host_str` method. pub fn host(&self) -> Option> { match self.host { HostInternal::None => None, HostInternal::Domain => Some(Host::Domain(self.slice(self.host_start..self.host_end))), HostInternal::Ipv4(address) => Some(Host::Ipv4(address)), HostInternal::Ipv6(address) => Some(Host::Ipv6(address)), } } /// If this URL has a host and it is a domain name (not an IP address), return it. pub fn domain(&self) -> Option<&str> { match self.host { HostInternal::Domain => Some(self.slice(self.host_start..self.host_end)), _ => None, } } /// Return the port number for this URL, if any. #[inline] pub fn port(&self) -> Option { self.port } /// Return the port number for this URL, or the default port number if it is known. /// /// This method only knows the default port number /// of the `http`, `https`, `ws`, `wss`, `ftp`, and `gopher` schemes. /// /// For URLs in these schemes, this method always returns `Some(_)`. /// For other schemes, it is the same as `Url::port()`. #[inline] pub fn port_or_known_default(&self) -> Option { self.port.or_else(|| parser::default_port(self.scheme())) } /// If the URL has a host, return something that implements `ToSocketAddrs`. /// /// If the URL has no port number and the scheme’s default port number is not known /// (see `Url::port_or_known_default`), /// the closure is called to obtain a port number. /// Typically, this closure can match on the result `Url::scheme` /// to have per-scheme default port numbers, /// and panic for schemes it’s not prepared to handle. /// For example: /// /// ```rust /// # use url::Url; /// # use std::net::TcpStream; /// # use std::io; /// /// fn connect(url: &Url) -> io::Result { /// TcpStream::connect(try!(url.with_default_port(default_port))) /// } /// /// fn default_port(url: &Url) -> Result { /// match url.scheme() { /// "git" => Ok(9418), /// "git+ssh" => Ok(22), /// "git+https" => Ok(443), /// "git+http" => Ok(80), /// _ => Err(()), /// } /// } /// ``` pub fn with_default_port(&self, f: F) -> io::Result> where F: FnOnce(&Url) -> Result { Ok(HostAndPort { host: try!(self.host() .ok_or(()) .or_else(|()| io_error("URL has no host"))), port: try!(self.port_or_known_default() .ok_or(()) .or_else(|()| f(self)) .or_else(|()| io_error("URL has no port number"))) }) } /// Return the path for this URL, as a percent-encoded ASCII string. /// For cannot-be-a-base URLs, this is an arbitrary string that doesn’t start with '/'. /// For other URLs, this starts with a '/' slash /// and continues with slash-separated path segments. pub fn path(&self) -> &str { match (self.query_start, self.fragment_start) { (None, None) => self.slice(self.path_start..), (Some(next_component_start), _) | (None, Some(next_component_start)) => { self.slice(self.path_start..next_component_start) } } } /// Unless this URL is cannot-be-a-base, /// return an iterator of '/' slash-separated path segments, /// each as a percent-encoded ASCII string. /// /// Return `None` for cannot-be-a-base URLs. /// /// When `Some` is returned, the iterator always contains at least one string /// (which may be empty). pub fn path_segments(&self) -> Option> { let path = self.path(); if path.starts_with('/') { Some(path[1..].split('/')) } else { None } } /// Return this URL’s query string, if any, as a percent-encoded ASCII string. pub fn query(&self) -> Option<&str> { match (self.query_start, self.fragment_start) { (None, _) => None, (Some(query_start), None) => { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(query_start) == b'?'); Some(self.slice(query_start + 1..)) } (Some(query_start), Some(fragment_start)) => { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(query_start) == b'?'); Some(self.slice(query_start + 1..fragment_start)) } } } /// Parse the URL’s query string, if any, as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` /// and return an iterator of (key, value) pairs. #[inline] pub fn query_pairs(&self) -> form_urlencoded::Parse { form_urlencoded::parse(self.query().unwrap_or("").as_bytes()) } /// Return this URL’s fragment identifier, if any. /// /// **Note:** the parser did *not* percent-encode this component, /// but the input may have been percent-encoded already. pub fn fragment(&self) -> Option<&str> { self.fragment_start.map(|start| { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'#'); self.slice(start + 1..) }) } fn mutate R, R>(&mut self, f: F) -> R { let mut parser = Parser::for_setter(mem::replace(&mut self.serialization, String::new())); let result = f(&mut parser); self.serialization = parser.serialization; result } /// Change this URL’s fragment identifier. pub fn set_fragment(&mut self, fragment: Option<&str>) { // Remove any previous fragment if let Some(start) = self.fragment_start { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'#'); self.serialization.truncate(start as usize); } // Write the new one if let Some(input) = fragment { self.fragment_start = Some(to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap()); self.serialization.push('#'); self.mutate(|parser| parser.parse_fragment(parser::Input::new(input))) } else { self.fragment_start = None } } fn take_fragment(&mut self) -> Option { self.fragment_start.take().map(|start| { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'#'); let fragment = self.slice(start + 1..).to_owned(); self.serialization.truncate(start as usize); fragment }) } fn restore_already_parsed_fragment(&mut self, fragment: Option) { if let Some(ref fragment) = fragment { assert!(self.fragment_start.is_none()); self.fragment_start = Some(to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap()); self.serialization.push('#'); self.serialization.push_str(fragment); } } /// Change this URL’s query string. pub fn set_query(&mut self, query: Option<&str>) { let fragment = self.take_fragment(); // Remove any previous query if let Some(start) = self.query_start.take() { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'?'); self.serialization.truncate(start as usize); } // Write the new query, if any if let Some(input) = query { self.query_start = Some(to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap()); self.serialization.push('?'); let scheme_end = self.scheme_end; self.mutate(|parser| parser.parse_query(scheme_end, parser::Input::new(input))); } self.restore_already_parsed_fragment(fragment); } /// Manipulate this URL’s query string, viewed as a sequence of name/value pairs /// in `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` syntax. /// /// The return value has a method-chaining API: /// /// ```rust /// # use url::Url; /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.net?lang=fr#nav").unwrap(); /// assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("lang=fr")); /// /// url.query_pairs_mut().append_pair("foo", "bar"); /// assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("lang=fr&foo=bar")); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.net/?lang=fr&foo=bar#nav"); /// /// url.query_pairs_mut() /// .clear() /// .append_pair("foo", "bar & baz") /// .append_pair("saisons", "Été+hiver"); /// assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("foo=bar+%26+baz&saisons=%C3%89t%C3%A9%2Bhiver")); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), /// "https://example.net/?foo=bar+%26+baz&saisons=%C3%89t%C3%A9%2Bhiver#nav"); /// ``` /// /// Note: `url.query_pairs_mut().clear();` is equivalent to `url.set_query(Some(""))`, /// not `url.set_query(None)`. /// /// The state of `Url` is unspecified if this return value is leaked without being dropped. pub fn query_pairs_mut(&mut self) -> form_urlencoded::Serializer { let fragment = self.take_fragment(); let query_start; if let Some(start) = self.query_start { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'?'); query_start = start as usize; } else { query_start = self.serialization.len(); self.query_start = Some(to_u32(query_start).unwrap()); self.serialization.push('?'); } let query = UrlQuery { url: self, fragment: fragment }; form_urlencoded::Serializer::for_suffix(query, query_start + "?".len()) } fn take_after_path(&mut self) -> String { match (self.query_start, self.fragment_start) { (Some(i), _) | (None, Some(i)) => { let after_path = self.slice(i..).to_owned(); self.serialization.truncate(i as usize); after_path }, (None, None) => String::new(), } } /// Change this URL’s path. pub fn set_path(&mut self, mut path: &str) { let after_path = self.take_after_path(); let old_after_path_pos = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap(); let cannot_be_a_base = self.cannot_be_a_base(); let scheme_type = SchemeType::from(self.scheme()); self.serialization.truncate(self.path_start as usize); self.mutate(|parser| { if cannot_be_a_base { if path.starts_with('/') { parser.serialization.push_str("%2F"); path = &path[1..]; } parser.parse_cannot_be_a_base_path(parser::Input::new(path)); } else { let mut has_host = true; // FIXME parser.parse_path_start(scheme_type, &mut has_host, parser::Input::new(path)); } }); self.restore_after_path(old_after_path_pos, &after_path); } /// Return an object with methods to manipulate this URL’s path segments. /// /// Return `Err(())` if this URl is cannot-be-a-base. pub fn path_segments_mut(&mut self) -> Result { if self.cannot_be_a_base() { Err(()) } else { Ok(path_segments::new(self)) } } fn restore_after_path(&mut self, old_after_path_position: u32, after_path: &str) { let new_after_path_position = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap(); let adjust = |index: &mut u32| { *index -= old_after_path_position; *index += new_after_path_position; }; if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start { adjust(index) } if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start { adjust(index) } self.serialization.push_str(after_path) } /// Change this URL’s port number. /// /// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base, does not have a host, or has the `file` scheme; /// do nothing and return `Err`. pub fn set_port(&mut self, mut port: Option) -> Result<(), ()> { if !self.has_host() || self.scheme() == "file" { return Err(()) } if port.is_some() && port == parser::default_port(self.scheme()) { port = None } self.set_port_internal(port); Ok(()) } fn set_port_internal(&mut self, port: Option) { match (self.port, port) { (None, None) => {} (Some(_), None) => { self.serialization.drain(self.host_end as usize .. self.path_start as usize); let offset = self.path_start - self.host_end; self.path_start = self.host_end; if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start { *index -= offset } if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start { *index -= offset } } (Some(old), Some(new)) if old == new => {} (_, Some(new)) => { let path_and_after = self.slice(self.path_start..).to_owned(); self.serialization.truncate(self.host_end as usize); write!(&mut self.serialization, ":{}", new).unwrap(); let old_path_start = self.path_start; let new_path_start = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap(); self.path_start = new_path_start; let adjust = |index: &mut u32| { *index -= old_path_start; *index += new_path_start; }; if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start { adjust(index) } if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start { adjust(index) } self.serialization.push_str(&path_and_after); } } self.port = port; } /// Change this URL’s host. /// /// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base or there is an error parsing the given `host`, /// do nothing and return `Err`. /// /// Removing the host (calling this with `None`) /// will also remove any username, password, and port number. pub fn set_host(&mut self, host: Option<&str>) -> Result<(), ParseError> { if self.cannot_be_a_base() { return Err(ParseError::SetHostOnCannotBeABaseUrl) } if let Some(host) = host { self.set_host_internal(try!(Host::parse(host)), None) } else if self.has_host() { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.scheme_end) == b':'); debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.path_start) == b'/'); let new_path_start = self.scheme_end + 1; self.serialization.drain(self.path_start as usize..new_path_start as usize); let offset = self.path_start - new_path_start; self.path_start = new_path_start; self.username_end = new_path_start; self.host_start = new_path_start; self.host_end = new_path_start; self.port = None; if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start { *index -= offset } if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start { *index -= offset } } Ok(()) } /// opt_new_port: None means leave unchanged, Some(None) means remove any port number. fn set_host_internal(&mut self, host: Host, opt_new_port: Option>) { let old_suffix_pos = if opt_new_port.is_some() { self.path_start } else { self.host_end }; let suffix = self.slice(old_suffix_pos..).to_owned(); self.serialization.truncate(self.host_start as usize); if !self.has_authority() { debug_assert!(self.slice(self.scheme_end..self.host_start) == ":"); debug_assert!(self.username_end == self.host_start); self.serialization.push('/'); self.serialization.push('/'); self.username_end += 2; self.host_start += 2; } write!(&mut self.serialization, "{}", host).unwrap(); self.host_end = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap(); self.host = host.into(); if let Some(new_port) = opt_new_port { self.port = new_port; if let Some(port) = new_port { write!(&mut self.serialization, ":{}", port).unwrap(); } } let new_suffix_pos = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap(); self.serialization.push_str(&suffix); let adjust = |index: &mut u32| { *index -= old_suffix_pos; *index += new_suffix_pos; }; adjust(&mut self.path_start); if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start { adjust(index) } if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start { adjust(index) } } /// Change this URL’s host to the given IP address. /// /// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base, do nothing and return `Err`. /// /// Compared to `Url::set_host`, this skips the host parser. pub fn set_ip_host(&mut self, address: IpAddr) -> Result<(), ()> { if self.cannot_be_a_base() { return Err(()) } let address = match address { IpAddr::V4(address) => Host::Ipv4(address), IpAddr::V6(address) => Host::Ipv6(address), }; self.set_host_internal(address, None); Ok(()) } /// Change this URL’s password. /// /// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base or does not have a host, do nothing and return `Err`. pub fn set_password(&mut self, password: Option<&str>) -> Result<(), ()> { if !self.has_host() { return Err(()) } if let Some(password) = password { let host_and_after = self.slice(self.host_start..).to_owned(); self.serialization.truncate(self.username_end as usize); self.serialization.push(':'); self.serialization.extend(utf8_percent_encode(password, USERINFO_ENCODE_SET)); self.serialization.push('@'); let old_host_start = self.host_start; let new_host_start = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap(); let adjust = |index: &mut u32| { *index -= old_host_start; *index += new_host_start; }; self.host_start = new_host_start; adjust(&mut self.host_end); adjust(&mut self.path_start); if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start { adjust(index) } if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start { adjust(index) } self.serialization.push_str(&host_and_after); } else if self.byte_at(self.username_end) == b':' { // If there is a password to remove let has_username_or_password = self.byte_at(self.host_start - 1) == b'@'; debug_assert!(has_username_or_password); let username_start = self.scheme_end + 3; let empty_username = username_start == self.username_end; let start = self.username_end; // Remove the ':' let end = if empty_username { self.host_start // Remove the '@' as well } else { self.host_start - 1 // Keep the '@' to separate the username from the host }; self.serialization.drain(start as usize .. end as usize); let offset = end - start; self.host_start -= offset; self.host_end -= offset; self.path_start -= offset; if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start { *index -= offset } if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start { *index -= offset } } Ok(()) } /// Change this URL’s username. /// /// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base or does not have a host, do nothing and return `Err`. pub fn set_username(&mut self, username: &str) -> Result<(), ()> { if !self.has_host() { return Err(()) } let username_start = self.scheme_end + 3; debug_assert!(self.slice(self.scheme_end..username_start) == "://"); if self.slice(username_start..self.username_end) == username { return Ok(()) } let after_username = self.slice(self.username_end..).to_owned(); self.serialization.truncate(username_start as usize); self.serialization.extend(utf8_percent_encode(username, USERINFO_ENCODE_SET)); let mut removed_bytes = self.username_end; self.username_end = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap(); let mut added_bytes = self.username_end; let new_username_is_empty = self.username_end == username_start; match (new_username_is_empty, after_username.chars().next()) { (true, Some('@')) => { removed_bytes += 1; self.serialization.push_str(&after_username[1..]); } (false, Some('@')) | (_, Some(':')) | (true, _) => { self.serialization.push_str(&after_username); } (false, _) => { added_bytes += 1; self.serialization.push('@'); self.serialization.push_str(&after_username); } } let adjust = |index: &mut u32| { *index -= removed_bytes; *index += added_bytes; }; adjust(&mut self.host_start); adjust(&mut self.host_end); adjust(&mut self.path_start); if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start { adjust(index) } if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start { adjust(index) } Ok(()) } /// Change this URL’s scheme. /// /// Do nothing and return `Err` if: /// * The new scheme is not in `[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]+` /// * This URL is cannot-be-a-base and the new scheme is one of /// `http`, `https`, `ws`, `wss`, `ftp`, or `gopher` pub fn set_scheme(&mut self, scheme: &str) -> Result<(), ()> { let mut parser = Parser::for_setter(String::new()); let remaining = try!(parser.parse_scheme(parser::Input::new(scheme))); if !remaining.is_empty() || (!self.has_host() && SchemeType::from(&parser.serialization).is_special()) { return Err(()) } let old_scheme_end = self.scheme_end; let new_scheme_end = to_u32(parser.serialization.len()).unwrap(); let adjust = |index: &mut u32| { *index -= old_scheme_end; *index += new_scheme_end; }; self.scheme_end = new_scheme_end; adjust(&mut self.username_end); adjust(&mut self.host_start); adjust(&mut self.host_end); adjust(&mut self.path_start); if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start { adjust(index) } if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start { adjust(index) } parser.serialization.push_str(self.slice(old_scheme_end..)); self.serialization = parser.serialization; Ok(()) } /// Convert a file name as `std::path::Path` into an URL in the `file` scheme. /// /// This returns `Err` if the given path is not absolute or, /// on Windows, if the prefix is not a disk prefix (e.g. `C:`). pub fn from_file_path>(path: P) -> Result { let mut serialization = "file://".to_owned(); let path_start = serialization.len() as u32; try!(path_to_file_url_segments(path.as_ref(), &mut serialization)); Ok(Url { serialization: serialization, scheme_end: "file".len() as u32, username_end: path_start, host_start: path_start, host_end: path_start, host: HostInternal::None, port: None, path_start: path_start, query_start: None, fragment_start: None, }) } /// Convert a directory name as `std::path::Path` into an URL in the `file` scheme. /// /// This returns `Err` if the given path is not absolute or, /// on Windows, if the prefix is not a disk prefix (e.g. `C:`). /// /// Compared to `from_file_path`, this ensure that URL’s the path has a trailing slash /// so that the entire path is considered when using this URL as a base URL. /// /// For example: /// /// * `"index.html"` parsed with `Url::from_directory_path(Path::new("/var/www"))` /// as the base URL is `file:///var/www/index.html` /// * `"index.html"` parsed with `Url::from_file_path(Path::new("/var/www"))` /// as the base URL is `file:///var/index.html`, which might not be what was intended. /// /// Note that `std::path` does not consider trailing slashes significant /// and usually does not include them (e.g. in `Path::parent()`). pub fn from_directory_path>(path: P) -> Result { let mut url = try!(Url::from_file_path(path)); if !url.serialization.ends_with('/') { url.serialization.push('/') } Ok(url) } /// Assuming the URL is in the `file` scheme or similar, /// convert its path to an absolute `std::path::Path`. /// /// **Note:** This does not actually check the URL’s `scheme`, /// and may give nonsensical results for other schemes. /// It is the user’s responsibility to check the URL’s scheme before calling this. /// /// ``` /// # use url::Url; /// # let url = Url::parse("file:///etc/passwd").unwrap(); /// let path = url.to_file_path(); /// ``` /// /// Returns `Err` if the host is neither empty nor `"localhost"`, /// or if `Path::new_opt()` returns `None`. /// (That is, if the percent-decoded path contains a NUL byte or, /// for a Windows path, is not UTF-8.) #[inline] pub fn to_file_path(&self) -> Result { // FIXME: Figure out what to do w.r.t host. if matches!(self.host(), None | Some(Host::Domain("localhost"))) { if let Some(segments) = self.path_segments() { return file_url_segments_to_pathbuf(segments) } } Err(()) } // Private helper methods: #[inline] fn slice(&self, range: R) -> &str where R: RangeArg { range.slice_of(&self.serialization) } #[inline] fn byte_at(&self, i: u32) -> u8 { self.serialization.as_bytes()[i as usize] } } /// Return an error if `Url::host` or `Url::port_or_known_default` return `None`. impl ToSocketAddrs for Url { type Iter = SocketAddrs; fn to_socket_addrs(&self) -> io::Result { try!(self.with_default_port(|_| Err(()))).to_socket_addrs() } } /// Parse a string as an URL, without a base URL or encoding override. impl str::FromStr for Url { type Err = ParseError; #[inline] fn from_str(input: &str) -> Result { Url::parse(input) } } /// Display the serialization of this URL. impl fmt::Display for Url { #[inline] fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { fmt::Display::fmt(&self.serialization, formatter) } } /// Debug the serialization of this URL. impl fmt::Debug for Url { #[inline] fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { fmt::Debug::fmt(&self.serialization, formatter) } } /// URLs compare like their serialization. impl Eq for Url {} /// URLs compare like their serialization. impl PartialEq for Url { #[inline] fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool { self.serialization == other.serialization } } /// URLs compare like their serialization. impl Ord for Url { #[inline] fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> cmp::Ordering { self.serialization.cmp(&other.serialization) } } /// URLs compare like their serialization. impl PartialOrd for Url { #[inline] fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option { self.serialization.partial_cmp(&other.serialization) } } /// URLs hash like their serialization. impl hash::Hash for Url { #[inline] fn hash(&self, state: &mut H) where H: hash::Hasher { hash::Hash::hash(&self.serialization, state) } } /// Return the serialization of this URL. impl AsRef for Url { #[inline] fn as_ref(&self) -> &str { &self.serialization } } trait RangeArg { fn slice_of<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> &'a str; } impl RangeArg for Range { #[inline] fn slice_of<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> &'a str { &s[self.start as usize .. self.end as usize] } } impl RangeArg for RangeFrom { #[inline] fn slice_of<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> &'a str { &s[self.start as usize ..] } } impl RangeArg for RangeTo { #[inline] fn slice_of<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> &'a str { &s[.. self.end as usize] } } #[cfg(feature="rustc-serialize")] impl rustc_serialize::Encodable for Url { fn encode(&self, encoder: &mut S) -> Result<(), S::Error> { encoder.emit_str(self.as_str()) } } #[cfg(feature="rustc-serialize")] impl rustc_serialize::Decodable for Url { fn decode(decoder: &mut D) -> Result { Url::parse(&*try!(decoder.read_str())).map_err(|error| { decoder.error(&format!("URL parsing error: {}", error)) }) } } /// Serializes this URL into a `serde` stream. /// /// This implementation is only available if the `serde` Cargo feature is enabled. #[cfg(feature="serde")] impl serde::Serialize for Url { fn serialize(&self, serializer: &mut S) -> Result<(), S::Error> where S: serde::Serializer { format!("{}", self).serialize(serializer) } } /// Deserializes this URL from a `serde` stream. /// /// This implementation is only available if the `serde` Cargo feature is enabled. #[cfg(feature="serde")] impl serde::Deserialize for Url { fn deserialize(deserializer: &mut D) -> Result where D: serde::Deserializer { let string_representation: String = try!(serde::Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer)); Ok(Url::parse(&string_representation).unwrap()) } } #[cfg(unix)] fn path_to_file_url_segments(path: &Path, serialization: &mut String) -> Result<(), ()> { use std::os::unix::prelude::OsStrExt; if !path.is_absolute() { return Err(()) } let mut empty = true; // skip the root component for component in path.components().skip(1) { empty = false; serialization.push('/'); serialization.extend(percent_encode( component.as_os_str().as_bytes(), PATH_SEGMENT_ENCODE_SET)); } if empty { // An URL’s path must not be empty. serialization.push('/'); } Ok(()) } #[cfg(windows)] fn path_to_file_url_segments(path: &Path, serialization: &mut String) -> Result<(), ()> { path_to_file_url_segments_windows(path, serialization) } // Build this unconditionally to alleviate https://github.com/servo/rust-url/issues/102 #[cfg_attr(not(windows), allow(dead_code))] fn path_to_file_url_segments_windows(path: &Path, serialization: &mut String) -> Result<(), ()> { use std::path::{Prefix, Component}; if !path.is_absolute() { return Err(()) } let mut components = path.components(); let disk = match components.next() { Some(Component::Prefix(ref p)) => match p.kind() { Prefix::Disk(byte) => byte, Prefix::VerbatimDisk(byte) => byte, _ => return Err(()), }, // FIXME: do something with UNC and other prefixes? _ => return Err(()) }; // Start with the prefix, e.g. "C:" serialization.push('/'); serialization.push(disk as char); serialization.push(':'); for component in components { if component == Component::RootDir { continue } // FIXME: somehow work with non-unicode? let component = try!(component.as_os_str().to_str().ok_or(())); serialization.push('/'); serialization.extend(percent_encode(component.as_bytes(), PATH_SEGMENT_ENCODE_SET)); } Ok(()) } #[cfg(unix)] fn file_url_segments_to_pathbuf(segments: str::Split) -> Result { use std::ffi::OsStr; use std::os::unix::prelude::OsStrExt; use std::path::PathBuf; let mut bytes = Vec::new(); for segment in segments { bytes.push(b'/'); bytes.extend(percent_decode(segment.as_bytes())); } let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(&bytes); let path = PathBuf::from(os_str); debug_assert!(path.is_absolute(), "to_file_path() failed to produce an absolute Path"); Ok(path) } #[cfg(windows)] fn file_url_segments_to_pathbuf(segments: str::Split) -> Result { file_url_segments_to_pathbuf_windows(segments) } // Build this unconditionally to alleviate https://github.com/servo/rust-url/issues/102 #[cfg_attr(not(windows), allow(dead_code))] fn file_url_segments_to_pathbuf_windows(mut segments: str::Split) -> Result { let first = try!(segments.next().ok_or(())); if first.len() != 2 || !first.starts_with(parser::ascii_alpha) || first.as_bytes()[1] != b':' { return Err(()) } let mut string = first.to_owned(); for segment in segments { string.push('\\'); // Currently non-unicode windows paths cannot be represented match String::from_utf8(percent_decode(segment.as_bytes()).collect()) { Ok(s) => string.push_str(&s), Err(..) => return Err(()), } } let path = PathBuf::from(string); debug_assert!(path.is_absolute(), "to_file_path() failed to produce an absolute Path"); Ok(path) } fn io_error(reason: &str) -> io::Result { Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, reason)) } /// Implementation detail of `Url::query_pairs_mut`. Typically not used directly. pub struct UrlQuery<'a> { url: &'a mut Url, fragment: Option, } impl<'a> Drop for UrlQuery<'a> { fn drop(&mut self) { self.url.restore_already_parsed_fragment(self.fragment.take()) } }