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+LZMA SDK 4.40

+-------------

+

+LZMA SDK   Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Igor Pavlov

+

+LZMA SDK provides the documentation, samples, header files, libraries, 

+and tools you need to develop applications that use LZMA compression.

+

+LZMA is default and general compression method of 7z format

+in 7-Zip compression program (www.7-zip.org). LZMA provides high 

+compression ratio and very fast decompression.

+

+LZMA is an improved version of famous LZ77 compression algorithm. 

+It was improved in way of maximum increasing of compression ratio,

+keeping high decompression speed and low memory requirements for 

+decompressing.

+

+

+

+LICENSE

+-------

+

+LZMA SDK is available under any of the following licenses:

+

+1) GNU Lesser General Public License (GNU LGPL)

+2) Common Public License (CPL)

+3) Simplified license for unmodified code (read SPECIAL EXCEPTION) 

+4) Proprietary license 

+

+It means that you can select one of these four options and follow rules of that license.

+

+

+1,2) GNU LGPL and CPL licenses are pretty similar and both these

+licenses are classified as 

+ - "Free software licenses" at http://www.gnu.org/ 

+ - "OSI-approved" at http://www.opensource.org/

+

+

+3) SPECIAL EXCEPTION

+

+Igor Pavlov, as the author of this code, expressly permits you 

+to statically or dynamically link your code (or bind by name) 

+to the files from LZMA SDK without subjecting your linked 

+code to the terms of the CPL or GNU LGPL. 

+Any modifications or additions to files from LZMA SDK, however, 

+are subject to the GNU LGPL or CPL terms.

+

+SPECIAL EXCEPTION allows you to use LZMA SDK in applications with closed code, 

+while you keep LZMA SDK code unmodified.

+

+

+SPECIAL EXCEPTION #2: Igor Pavlov, as the author of this code, expressly permits 

+you to use this code under the same terms and conditions contained in the License 

+Agreement you have for any previous version of LZMA SDK developed by Igor Pavlov.

+

+SPECIAL EXCEPTION #2 allows owners of proprietary licenses to use latest version 

+of LZMA SDK as update for previous versions.

+

+

+SPECIAL EXCEPTION #3: Igor Pavlov, as the author of this code, expressly permits 

+you to use code of the following files: 

+BranchTypes.h, LzmaTypes.h, LzmaTest.c, LzmaStateTest.c, LzmaAlone.cpp, 

+LzmaAlone.cs, LzmaAlone.java

+as public domain code. 

+

+

+4) Proprietary license

+

+LZMA SDK also can be available under a proprietary license which 

+can include:

+

+1) Right to modify code without subjecting modified code to the 

+terms of the CPL or GNU LGPL

+2) Technical support for code

+

+To request such proprietary license or any additional consultations,

+send email message from that page:

+http://www.7-zip.org/support.html

+

+

+You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public

+License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software

+Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA

+

+You should have received a copy of the Common Public License

+along with this library.

+

+

+LZMA SDK Contents

+-----------------

+

+LZMA SDK includes:

+

+  - C++ source code of LZMA compressing and decompressing

+  - ANSI-C compatible source code for LZMA decompressing

+  - C# source code for LZMA compressing and decompressing

+  - Java source code for LZMA compressing and decompressing

+  - Compiled file->file LZMA compressing/decompressing program for Windows system

+

+ANSI-C LZMA decompression code was ported from original C++ sources to C.

+Also it was simplified and optimized for code size. 

+But it is fully compatible with LZMA from 7-Zip.

+

+

+UNIX/Linux version 

+------------------

+To compile C++ version of file->file LZMA, go to directory

+C/7zip/Compress/LZMA_Alone 

+and type "make" or "make clean all" to recompile all.

+

+In some UNIX/Linux versions you must compile LZMA with static libraries.

+To compile with static libraries, change string in makefile

+LIB = -lm

+to string  

+LIB = -lm -static

+

+

+Files

+---------------------

+C        - C / CPP source code

+CS       - C# source code

+Java     - Java source code

+lzma.txt - LZMA SDK description (this file)

+7zFormat.txt - 7z Format description

+7zC.txt  - 7z ANSI-C Decoder description (this file)

+methods.txt  - Compression method IDs for .7z

+LGPL.txt - GNU Lesser General Public License

+CPL.html - Common Public License

+lzma.exe - Compiled file->file LZMA encoder/decoder for Windows

+history.txt - history of the LZMA SDK

+

+

+Source code structure

+---------------------

+

+C  - C / CPP files

+  Common  - common files for C++ projects

+  Windows - common files for Windows related code

+  7zip    - files related to 7-Zip Project

+    Common   - common files for 7-Zip

+    Compress - files related to compression/decompression

+      LZ     - files related to LZ (Lempel-Ziv) compression algorithm

+        BinTree    - Binary Tree Match Finder for LZ algorithm

+        HashChain  - Hash Chain Match Finder for LZ algorithm

+        Patricia   - Patricia Match Finder for LZ algorithm

+      RangeCoder   - Range Coder (special code of compression/decompression)

+      LZMA         - LZMA compression/decompression on C++

+      LZMA_Alone   - file->file LZMA compression/decompression

+      LZMA_C       - ANSI-C compatible LZMA decompressor

+        LzmaDecode.h  - interface for LZMA decoding on ANSI-C

+        LzmaDecode.c      - LZMA decoding on ANSI-C (new fastest version)

+        LzmaDecodeSize.c  - LZMA decoding on ANSI-C (old size-optimized version)

+        LzmaTest.c        - test application that decodes LZMA encoded file

+        LzmaTypes.h       - basic types for LZMA Decoder

+        LzmaStateDecode.h - interface for LZMA decoding (State version)

+        LzmaStateDecode.c - LZMA decoding on ANSI-C (State version)

+        LzmaStateTest.c   - test application (State version)

+      Branch       - Filters for x86, IA-64, ARM, ARM-Thumb, PowerPC and SPARC code

+    Archive - files related to archiving

+      7z_C     - 7z ANSI-C Decoder

+

+CS - C# files

+  7zip

+    Common   - some common files for 7-Zip

+    Compress - files related to compression/decompression

+      LZ     - files related to LZ (Lempel-Ziv) compression algorithm

+      LZMA         - LZMA compression/decompression

+      LzmaAlone    - file->file LZMA compression/decompression

+      RangeCoder   - Range Coder (special code of compression/decompression)

+

+Java  - Java files

+  SevenZip

+    Compression    - files related to compression/decompression

+      LZ           - files related to LZ (Lempel-Ziv) compression algorithm

+      LZMA         - LZMA compression/decompression

+      RangeCoder   - Range Coder (special code of compression/decompression)

+

+C/C++ source code of LZMA SDK is part of 7-Zip project.

+

+You can find ANSI-C LZMA decompressing code at folder 

+  C/7zip/Compress/LZMA_C

+7-Zip doesn't use that ANSI-C LZMA code and that code was developed 

+specially for this SDK. And files from LZMA_C do not need files from 

+other directories of SDK for compiling.

+

+7-Zip source code can be downloaded from 7-Zip's SourceForge page:

+

+  http://sourceforge.net/projects/sevenzip/

+

+

+LZMA features

+-------------

+  - Variable dictionary size (up to 1 GB)

+  - Estimated compressing speed: about 1 MB/s on 1 GHz CPU

+  - Estimated decompressing speed: 

+      - 8-12 MB/s on 1 GHz Intel Pentium 3 or AMD Athlon

+      - 500-1000 KB/s on 100 MHz ARM, MIPS, PowerPC or other simple RISC

+  - Small memory requirements for decompressing (8-32 KB + DictionarySize)

+  - Small code size for decompressing: 2-8 KB (depending from 

+    speed optimizations) 

+

+LZMA decoder uses only integer operations and can be 

+implemented in any modern 32-bit CPU (or on 16-bit CPU with some conditions).

+

+Some critical operations that affect to speed of LZMA decompression:

+  1) 32*16 bit integer multiply

+  2) Misspredicted branches (penalty mostly depends from pipeline length)

+  3) 32-bit shift and arithmetic operations

+

+Speed of LZMA decompressing mostly depends from CPU speed.

+Memory speed has no big meaning. But if your CPU has small data cache, 

+overall weight of memory speed will slightly increase.

+

+

+How To Use

+----------

+

+Using LZMA encoder/decoder executable

+--------------------------------------

+

+Usage:  LZMA <e|d> inputFile outputFile [<switches>...]

+

+  e: encode file

+

+  d: decode file

+

+  b: Benchmark. There are two tests: compressing and decompressing 

+     with LZMA method. Benchmark shows rating in MIPS (million 

+     instructions per second). Rating value is calculated from 

+     measured speed and it is normalized with AMD Athlon 64 X2 CPU

+     results. Also Benchmark checks possible hardware errors (RAM 

+     errors in most cases). Benchmark uses these settings:

+     (-a1, -d21, -fb32, -mfbt4). You can change only -d. Also you 

+     can change number of iterations. Example for 30 iterations:

+	LZMA b 30

+     Default number of iterations is 10.

+

+<Switches>

+  

+

+  -a{N}:  set compression mode 0 = fast, 1 = normal

+          default: 1 (normal)

+

+  d{N}:   Sets Dictionary size - [0, 30], default: 23 (8MB)

+          The maximum value for dictionary size is 1 GB = 2^30 bytes.

+          Dictionary size is calculated as DictionarySize = 2^N bytes. 

+          For decompressing file compressed by LZMA method with dictionary 

+          size D = 2^N you need about D bytes of memory (RAM).

+

+  -fb{N}: set number of fast bytes - [5, 273], default: 128

+          Usually big number gives a little bit better compression ratio 

+          and slower compression process.

+

+  -lc{N}: set number of literal context bits - [0, 8], default: 3

+          Sometimes lc=4 gives gain for big files.

+

+  -lp{N}: set number of literal pos bits - [0, 4], default: 0

+          lp switch is intended for periodical data when period is 

+          equal 2^N. For example, for 32-bit (4 bytes) 

+          periodical data you can use lp=2. Often it's better to set lc0, 

+          if you change lp switch.

+

+  -pb{N}: set number of pos bits - [0, 4], default: 2

+          pb switch is intended for periodical data 

+          when period is equal 2^N.

+

+  -mf{MF_ID}: set Match Finder. Default: bt4. 

+              Algorithms from hc* group doesn't provide good compression 

+              ratio, but they often works pretty fast in combination with 

+              fast mode (-a0).

+

+              Memory requirements depend from dictionary size 

+              (parameter "d" in table below). 

+

+               MF_ID     Memory                   Description

+

+                bt2    d *  9.5 + 4MB  Binary Tree with 2 bytes hashing.

+                bt3    d * 11.5 + 4MB  Binary Tree with 3 bytes hashing.

+                bt4    d * 11.5 + 4MB  Binary Tree with 4 bytes hashing.

+                hc4    d *  7.5 + 4MB  Hash Chain with 4 bytes hashing.

+

+  -eos:   write End Of Stream marker. By default LZMA doesn't write 

+          eos marker, since LZMA decoder knows uncompressed size 

+          stored in .lzma file header.

+

+  -si:    Read data from stdin (it will write End Of Stream marker).

+  -so:    Write data to stdout

+

+

+Examples:

+

+1) LZMA e file.bin file.lzma -d16 -lc0 

+

+compresses file.bin to file.lzma with 64 KB dictionary (2^16=64K)  

+and 0 literal context bits. -lc0 allows to reduce memory requirements 

+for decompression.

+

+

+2) LZMA e file.bin file.lzma -lc0 -lp2

+

+compresses file.bin to file.lzma with settings suitable 

+for 32-bit periodical data (for example, ARM or MIPS code).

+

+3) LZMA d file.lzma file.bin

+

+decompresses file.lzma to file.bin.

+

+

+Compression ratio hints

+-----------------------

+

+Recommendations

+---------------

+

+To increase compression ratio for LZMA compressing it's desirable 

+to have aligned data (if it's possible) and also it's desirable to locate

+data in such order, where code is grouped in one place and data is 

+grouped in other place (it's better than such mixing: code, data, code,

+data, ...).

+

+

+Using Filters

+-------------

+You can increase compression ratio for some data types, using

+special filters before compressing. For example, it's possible to 

+increase compression ratio on 5-10% for code for those CPU ISAs: 

+x86, IA-64, ARM, ARM-Thumb, PowerPC, SPARC.

+

+You can find C/C++ source code of such filters in folder "7zip/Compress/Branch"

+

+You can check compression ratio gain of these filters with such 

+7-Zip commands (example for ARM code):

+No filter:

+  7z a a1.7z a.bin -m0=lzma

+

+With filter for little-endian ARM code:

+  7z a a2.7z a.bin -m0=bc_arm -m1=lzma        

+

+With filter for big-endian ARM code (using additional Swap4 filter):

+  7z a a3.7z a.bin -m0=swap4 -m1=bc_arm -m2=lzma

+

+It works in such manner:

+Compressing    = Filter_encoding + LZMA_encoding

+Decompressing  = LZMA_decoding + Filter_decoding

+

+Compressing and decompressing speed of such filters is very high,

+so it will not increase decompressing time too much.

+Moreover, it reduces decompression time for LZMA_decoding, 

+since compression ratio with filtering is higher.

+

+These filters convert CALL (calling procedure) instructions 

+from relative offsets to absolute addresses, so such data becomes more 

+compressible. Source code of these CALL filters is pretty simple

+(about 20 lines of C++), so you can convert it from C++ version yourself.

+

+For some ISAs (for example, for MIPS) it's impossible to get gain from such filter.

+

+

+LZMA compressed file format

+---------------------------

+Offset Size Description

+  0     1   Special LZMA properties for compressed data

+  1     4   Dictionary size (little endian)

+  5     8   Uncompressed size (little endian). -1 means unknown size

+ 13         Compressed data

+

+

+ANSI-C LZMA Decoder

+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

+

+To compile ANSI-C LZMA Decoder you can use one of the following files sets:

+1) LzmaDecode.h + LzmaDecode.c + LzmaTest.c  (fastest version)

+2) LzmaDecode.h + LzmaDecodeSize.c + LzmaTest.c  (old size-optimized version)

+3) LzmaStateDecode.h + LzmaStateDecode.c + LzmaStateTest.c  (zlib-like interface)

+

+

+Memory requirements for LZMA decoding

+-------------------------------------

+

+LZMA decoder doesn't allocate memory itself, so you must 

+allocate memory and send it to LZMA.

+

+Stack usage of LZMA decoding function for local variables is not 

+larger than 200 bytes.

+

+How To decompress data

+----------------------

+

+LZMA Decoder (ANSI-C version) now supports 5 interfaces:

+1) Single-call Decompressing

+2) Single-call Decompressing with input stream callback

+3) Multi-call Decompressing with output buffer

+4) Multi-call Decompressing with input callback and output buffer

+5) Multi-call State Decompressing (zlib-like interface)

+

+Variant-5 is similar to Variant-4, but Variant-5 doesn't use callback functions.

+

+Decompressing steps

+-------------------

+

+1) read LZMA properties (5 bytes):

+   unsigned char properties[LZMA_PROPERTIES_SIZE];

+

+2) read uncompressed size (8 bytes, little-endian)

+

+3) Decode properties:

+

+  CLzmaDecoderState state;  /* it's 24-140 bytes structure, if int is 32-bit */

+

+  if (LzmaDecodeProperties(&state.Properties, properties, LZMA_PROPERTIES_SIZE) != LZMA_RESULT_OK)

+    return PrintError(rs, "Incorrect stream properties");

+

+4) Allocate memory block for internal Structures:

+

+  state.Probs = (CProb *)malloc(LzmaGetNumProbs(&state.Properties) * sizeof(CProb));

+  if (state.Probs == 0)

+    return PrintError(rs, kCantAllocateMessage);

+

+  LZMA decoder uses array of CProb variables as internal structure.

+  By default, CProb is unsigned_short. But you can define _LZMA_PROB32 to make 

+  it unsigned_int. It can increase speed on some 32-bit CPUs, but memory 

+  usage will be doubled in that case.

+

+

+5) Main Decompressing

+

+You must use one of the following interfaces:

+

+5.1 Single-call Decompressing

+-----------------------------

+When to use: RAM->RAM decompressing

+Compile files: LzmaDecode.h, LzmaDecode.c

+Compile defines: no defines

+Memory Requirements:

+  - Input buffer: compressed size

+  - Output buffer: uncompressed size

+  - LZMA Internal Structures (~16 KB for default settings) 

+

+Interface:

+  int res = LzmaDecode(&state, 

+      inStream, compressedSize, &inProcessed,

+      outStream, outSize, &outProcessed);

+

+

+5.2 Single-call Decompressing with input stream callback

+--------------------------------------------------------

+When to use: File->RAM or Flash->RAM decompressing.

+Compile files: LzmaDecode.h, LzmaDecode.c

+Compile defines: _LZMA_IN_CB

+Memory Requirements:

+  - Buffer for input stream: any size (for example, 16 KB)

+  - Output buffer: uncompressed size

+  - LZMA Internal Structures (~16 KB for default settings) 

+

+Interface:

+  typedef struct _CBuffer

+  {

+    ILzmaInCallback InCallback;

+    FILE *File;

+    unsigned char Buffer[kInBufferSize];

+  } CBuffer;

+

+  int LzmaReadCompressed(void *object, const unsigned char **buffer, SizeT *size)

+  {

+    CBuffer *bo = (CBuffer *)object;

+    *buffer = bo->Buffer;

+    *size = MyReadFile(bo->File, bo->Buffer, kInBufferSize);

+    return LZMA_RESULT_OK;

+  }

+

+  CBuffer g_InBuffer;

+

+  g_InBuffer.File = inFile;

+  g_InBuffer.InCallback.Read = LzmaReadCompressed;

+  int res = LzmaDecode(&state, 

+      &g_InBuffer.InCallback,

+      outStream, outSize, &outProcessed);

+

+

+5.3 Multi-call decompressing with output buffer

+-----------------------------------------------

+When to use: RAM->File decompressing 

+Compile files: LzmaDecode.h, LzmaDecode.c

+Compile defines: _LZMA_OUT_READ

+Memory Requirements:

+ - Input buffer: compressed size

+ - Buffer for output stream: any size (for example, 16 KB)

+ - LZMA Internal Structures (~16 KB for default settings) 

+ - LZMA dictionary (dictionary size is encoded in stream properties)

+ 

+Interface:

+

+  state.Dictionary = (unsigned char *)malloc(state.Properties.DictionarySize);

+

+  LzmaDecoderInit(&state);

+  do

+  {

+    LzmaDecode(&state,

+      inBuffer, inAvail, &inProcessed,

+      g_OutBuffer, outAvail, &outProcessed);

+    inAvail -= inProcessed;

+    inBuffer += inProcessed;

+  }

+  while you need more bytes

+

+  see LzmaTest.c for more details.

+

+

+5.4 Multi-call decompressing with input callback and output buffer

+------------------------------------------------------------------

+When to use: File->File decompressing 

+Compile files: LzmaDecode.h, LzmaDecode.c

+Compile defines: _LZMA_IN_CB, _LZMA_OUT_READ

+Memory Requirements:

+ - Buffer for input stream: any size (for example, 16 KB)

+ - Buffer for output stream: any size (for example, 16 KB)

+ - LZMA Internal Structures (~16 KB for default settings) 

+ - LZMA dictionary (dictionary size is encoded in stream properties)

+ 

+Interface:

+

+  state.Dictionary = (unsigned char *)malloc(state.Properties.DictionarySize);

+ 

+  LzmaDecoderInit(&state);

+  do

+  {

+    LzmaDecode(&state,

+      &bo.InCallback,

+      g_OutBuffer, outAvail, &outProcessed);

+  }

+  while you need more bytes

+

+  see LzmaTest.c for more details:

+

+

+5.5 Multi-call State Decompressing (zlib-like interface)

+------------------------------------------------------------------

+When to use: file->file decompressing 

+Compile files: LzmaStateDecode.h, LzmaStateDecode.c

+Compile defines:

+Memory Requirements:

+ - Buffer for input stream: any size (for example, 16 KB)

+ - Buffer for output stream: any size (for example, 16 KB)

+ - LZMA Internal Structures (~16 KB for default settings) 

+ - LZMA dictionary (dictionary size is encoded in stream properties)

+ 

+Interface:

+

+  state.Dictionary = (unsigned char *)malloc(state.Properties.DictionarySize);

+

+  

+  LzmaDecoderInit(&state);

+  do

+  {

+    res = LzmaDecode(&state,

+      inBuffer, inAvail, &inProcessed,

+      g_OutBuffer, outAvail, &outProcessed,

+      finishDecoding);

+    inAvail -= inProcessed;

+    inBuffer += inProcessed;

+  }

+  while you need more bytes

+

+  see LzmaStateTest.c for more details:

+

+

+6) Free all allocated blocks

+

+

+Note

+----

+LzmaDecodeSize.c is size-optimized version of LzmaDecode.c.

+But compiled code of LzmaDecodeSize.c can be larger than 

+compiled code of LzmaDecode.c. So it's better to use 

+LzmaDecode.c in most cases.

+

+

+EXIT codes

+-----------

+

+LZMA decoder can return one of the following codes:

+

+#define LZMA_RESULT_OK 0

+#define LZMA_RESULT_DATA_ERROR 1

+

+If you use callback function for input data and you return some 

+error code, LZMA Decoder also returns that code.

+

+

+

+LZMA Defines

+------------

+

+_LZMA_IN_CB    - Use callback for input data

+

+_LZMA_OUT_READ - Use read function for output data

+

+_LZMA_LOC_OPT  - Enable local speed optimizations inside code.

+                 _LZMA_LOC_OPT is only for LzmaDecodeSize.c (size-optimized version).

+                 _LZMA_LOC_OPT doesn't affect LzmaDecode.c (speed-optimized version)

+                 and LzmaStateDecode.c

+

+_LZMA_PROB32   - It can increase speed on some 32-bit CPUs, 

+                 but memory usage will be doubled in that case

+

+_LZMA_UINT32_IS_ULONG  - Define it if int is 16-bit on your compiler

+                         and long is 32-bit.

+

+_LZMA_SYSTEM_SIZE_T  - Define it if you want to use system's size_t.

+                       You can use it to enable 64-bit sizes supporting

+

+

+

+C++ LZMA Encoder/Decoder 

+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

+C++ LZMA code use COM-like interfaces. So if you want to use it, 

+you can study basics of COM/OLE.

+

+By default, LZMA Encoder contains all Match Finders.

+But for compressing it's enough to have just one of them.

+So for reducing size of compressing code you can define:

+  #define COMPRESS_MF_BT

+  #define COMPRESS_MF_BT4

+and it will use only bt4 match finder.

+

+

+---

+

+http://www.7-zip.org

+http://www.7-zip.org/support.html