/*
 * pi.c
 *
 * Compute pi to an arbitrary number of digits.  Uses Machin's formula,
 * like everyone else on the planet:
 *
 *    pi = 16 * arctan(1/5) - 4 * arctan(1/239)
 *
 * This is pretty effective for up to a few thousand digits, but it
 * gets pretty slow after that.
 *
 * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <time.h>

#include "mpi.h"

mp_err arctan(mp_digit mul, mp_digit x, mp_digit prec, mp_int *sum);

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    mp_err res;
    mp_digit ndigits;
    mp_int sum1, sum2;
    clock_t start, stop;
    int out = 0;

    /* Make the user specify precision on the command line */
    if (argc < 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <num-digits>\n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }

    if ((ndigits = abs(atoi(argv[1]))) == 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: you must request at least 1 digit\n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }

    start = clock();
    mp_init(&sum1);
    mp_init(&sum2);

    /* sum1 = 16 * arctan(1/5)  */
    if ((res = arctan(16, 5, ndigits, &sum1)) != MP_OKAY) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: arctan: %s\n", argv[0], mp_strerror(res));
        out = 1;
        goto CLEANUP;
    }

    /* sum2 = 4 * arctan(1/239) */
    if ((res = arctan(4, 239, ndigits, &sum2)) != MP_OKAY) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: arctan: %s\n", argv[0], mp_strerror(res));
        out = 1;
        goto CLEANUP;
    }

    /* pi = sum1 - sum2         */
    if ((res = mp_sub(&sum1, &sum2, &sum1)) != MP_OKAY) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: mp_sub: %s\n", argv[0], mp_strerror(res));
        out = 1;
        goto CLEANUP;
    }
    stop = clock();

    /* Write the output in decimal */
    {
        char *buf = malloc(mp_radix_size(&sum1, 10));

        if (buf == NULL) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%s: out of memory\n", argv[0]);
            out = 1;
            goto CLEANUP;
        }
        mp_todecimal(&sum1, buf);
        printf("%s\n", buf);
        free(buf);
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "Computation took %.2f sec.\n",
            (double)(stop - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

CLEANUP:
    mp_clear(&sum1);
    mp_clear(&sum2);

    return out;
}

/* Compute sum := mul * arctan(1/x), to 'prec' digits of precision */
mp_err
arctan(mp_digit mul, mp_digit x, mp_digit prec, mp_int *sum)
{
    mp_int t, v;
    mp_digit q = 1, rd;
    mp_err res;
    int sign = 1;

    prec += 3; /* push inaccuracies off the end */

    mp_init(&t);
    mp_set(&t, 10);
    mp_init(&v);
    if ((res = mp_expt_d(&t, prec, &t)) != MP_OKAY || /* get 10^prec    */
        (res = mp_mul_d(&t, mul, &t)) != MP_OKAY ||   /* ... times mul  */
        (res = mp_mul_d(&t, x, &t)) != MP_OKAY)       /* ... times x    */
        goto CLEANUP;

    /*
    The extra multiplication by x in the above takes care of what
    would otherwise have to be a special case for 1 / x^1 during the
    first loop iteration.  A little sneaky, but effective.

    We compute arctan(1/x) by the formula:

         1     1       1       1
     - - ----- + ----- - ----- + ...
     x   3 x^3   5 x^5   7 x^7

    We multiply through by 'mul' beforehand, which gives us a couple
    more iterations and more precision
   */

    x *= x; /* works as long as x < sqrt(RADIX), which it is here */

    mp_zero(sum);

    do {
        if ((res = mp_div_d(&t, x, &t, &rd)) != MP_OKAY)
            goto CLEANUP;

        if (sign < 0 && rd != 0)
            mp_add_d(&t, 1, &t);

        if ((res = mp_div_d(&t, q, &v, &rd)) != MP_OKAY)
            goto CLEANUP;

        if (sign < 0 && rd != 0)
            mp_add_d(&v, 1, &v);

        if (sign > 0)
            res = mp_add(sum, &v, sum);
        else
            res = mp_sub(sum, &v, sum);

        if (res != MP_OKAY)
            goto CLEANUP;

        sign *= -1;
        q += 2;

    } while (mp_cmp_z(&t) != 0);

    /* Chop off inaccurate low-order digits */
    mp_div_d(sum, 1000, sum, NULL);

CLEANUP:
    mp_clear(&v);
    mp_clear(&t);

    return res;
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* HERE THERE BE DRAGONS                                                  */