/* -*- c-basic-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */ /* ==================================================================== * Copyright (c) 1999-2004 Carnegie Mellon University. All rights * reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the * distribution. * * This work was supported in part by funding from the Defense Advanced * Research Projects Agency and the National Science Foundation of the * United States of America, and the CMU Sphinx Speech Consortium. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, * THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY * NOR ITS EMPLOYEES BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. * * ==================================================================== * */ /* * mdef.c -- HMM model definition: base (CI) phones and triphones * * ********************************************** * CMU ARPA Speech Project * * Copyright (c) 1999 Carnegie Mellon University. * ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. * ********************************************** * * HISTORY * * * 22-Nov-2004 M K Ravishankar (rkm@cs.cmu.edu) at Carnegie Mellon University * Imported from s3.2, for supporting s3 format continuous * acoustic models. * * 14-Oct-1999 M K Ravishankar (rkm@cs.cmu.edu) at Carnegie Mellon * Added mdef_sseq2sen_active(). * * 06-May-1999 M K Ravishankar (rkm@cs.cmu.edu) at Carnegie Mellon * In mdef_phone_id(), added backing off to silence phone context from filler * context if original triphone not found. * * 30-Apr-1999 M K Ravishankar (rkm@cs.cmu.edu) at Carnegie Mellon * Added senone-sequence id (ssid) to phone_t and appropriate functions to * maintain it. Instead, moved state sequence info to mdef_t. * * 13-Jul-96 M K Ravishankar (rkm@cs.cmu.edu) at Carnegie Mellon University. * Added mdef_phone_str(). * * 01-Jan-96 M K Ravishankar (rkm@cs.cmu.edu) at Carnegie Mellon University. * Allowed mdef_phone_id_nearest to return base phone id if either * left or right context (or both) is undefined. * * 01-Jan-96 M K Ravishankar (rkm@cs.cmu.edu) at Carnegie Mellon University. * Created. */ /* * Major assumptions: * All phones have same #states, same topology. * Every phone has exactly one non-emitting, final state--the last one. * CI phones must appear first in model definition file. */ /* System headers. */ #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <assert.h> /* SphinxBase headers. */ #include <sphinxbase/ckd_alloc.h> #include <sphinxbase/err.h> /* Local headers. */ #include "mdef.h" #define MODEL_DEF_VERSION "0.3" static void ciphone_add(mdef_t * m, char *ci, int p) { assert(p < m->n_ciphone); m->ciphone[p].name = (char *) ckd_salloc(ci); /* freed in mdef_free */ if (hash_table_enter(m->ciphone_ht, m->ciphone[p].name, (void *)(long)p) != (void *)(long)p) E_FATAL("hash_table_enter(%s) failed; duplicate CIphone?\n", m->ciphone[p].name); } static ph_lc_t * find_ph_lc(ph_lc_t * lclist, int lc) { ph_lc_t *lcptr; for (lcptr = lclist; lcptr && (lcptr->lc != lc); lcptr = lcptr->next); return lcptr; } static ph_rc_t * find_ph_rc(ph_rc_t * rclist, int rc) { ph_rc_t *rcptr; for (rcptr = rclist; rcptr && (rcptr->rc != rc); rcptr = rcptr->next); return rcptr; } static void triphone_add(mdef_t * m, int ci, int lc, int rc, word_posn_t wpos, int p) { ph_lc_t *lcptr; ph_rc_t *rcptr; assert(p < m->n_phone); /* Fill in phone[p] information (state and tmat mappings added later) */ m->phone[p].ci = ci; m->phone[p].lc = lc; m->phone[p].rc = rc; m->phone[p].wpos = wpos; /* Create <ci,lc,rc,wpos> -> p mapping if not a CI phone */ if (p >= m->n_ciphone) { if ((lcptr = find_ph_lc(m->wpos_ci_lclist[wpos][(int) ci], lc)) == NULL) { lcptr = (ph_lc_t *) ckd_calloc(1, sizeof(ph_lc_t)); /* freed at mdef_free, I believe */ lcptr->lc = lc; lcptr->next = m->wpos_ci_lclist[wpos][(int) ci]; m->wpos_ci_lclist[wpos][(int) ci] = lcptr; /* This is what needs to be freed */ } if ((rcptr = find_ph_rc(lcptr->rclist, rc)) != NULL) { __BIGSTACKVARIABLE__ char buf[4096]; mdef_phone_str(m, rcptr->pid, buf); E_FATAL("Duplicate triphone: %s\n", buf); } rcptr = (ph_rc_t *) ckd_calloc(1, sizeof(ph_rc_t)); /* freed in mdef_free, I believe */ rcptr->rc = rc; rcptr->pid = p; rcptr->next = lcptr->rclist; lcptr->rclist = rcptr; } } int mdef_ciphone_id(mdef_t * m, char *ci) { int32 id; if (hash_table_lookup_int32(m->ciphone_ht, ci, &id) < 0) return -1; return id; } const char * mdef_ciphone_str(mdef_t * m, int id) { assert(m); assert((id >= 0) && (id < m->n_ciphone)); return (m->ciphone[id].name); } int mdef_phone_str(mdef_t * m, int pid, char *buf) { char *wpos_name; assert(m); assert((pid >= 0) && (pid < m->n_phone)); wpos_name = WPOS_NAME; buf[0] = '\0'; if (pid < m->n_ciphone) sprintf(buf, "%s", mdef_ciphone_str(m, pid)); else { sprintf(buf, "%s %s %s %c", mdef_ciphone_str(m, m->phone[pid].ci), mdef_ciphone_str(m, m->phone[pid].lc), mdef_ciphone_str(m, m->phone[pid].rc), wpos_name[m->phone[pid].wpos]); } return 0; } int mdef_phone_id(mdef_t * m, int ci, int lc, int rc, word_posn_t wpos) { ph_lc_t *lcptr; ph_rc_t *rcptr; int newl, newr; assert(m); assert((ci >= 0) && (ci < m->n_ciphone)); assert((lc >= 0) && (lc < m->n_ciphone)); assert((rc >= 0) && (rc < m->n_ciphone)); assert((wpos >= 0) && (wpos < N_WORD_POSN)); if (((lcptr = find_ph_lc(m->wpos_ci_lclist[wpos][(int) ci], lc)) == NULL) || ((rcptr = find_ph_rc(lcptr->rclist, rc)) == NULL)) { /* Not found; backoff to silence context if non-silence filler context */ if (m->sil < 0) return -1; newl = m->ciphone[(int) lc].filler ? m->sil : lc; newr = m->ciphone[(int) rc].filler ? m->sil : rc; if ((newl == lc) && (newr == rc)) return -1; return (mdef_phone_id(m, ci, newl, newr, wpos)); } return (rcptr->pid); } int mdef_is_ciphone(mdef_t * m, int p) { assert(m); assert((p >= 0) && (p < m->n_phone)); return ((p < m->n_ciphone) ? 1 : 0); } int mdef_is_cisenone(mdef_t * m, int s) { assert(m); if (s >= m->n_sen) { return 0; } assert(s >= 0); return ((s == m->cd2cisen[s]) ? 1 : 0); } /* Parse tmat and state->senone mappings for phone p and fill in structure */ static void parse_tmat_senmap(mdef_t * m, char *line, long off, int p) { int32 wlen, n, s; char *lp; __BIGSTACKVARIABLE__ char word[1024]; lp = line + off; /* Read transition matrix id */ if ((sscanf(lp, "%d%n", &n, &wlen) != 1) || (n < 0)) E_FATAL("Missing or bad transition matrix id: %s\n", line); m->phone[p].tmat = n; if (m->n_tmat <= n) E_FATAL("tmat-id(%d) > #tmat in header(%d): %s\n", n, m->n_tmat, line); lp += wlen; /* Read senone mappings for each emitting state */ for (n = 0; n < m->n_emit_state; n++) { if ((sscanf(lp, "%d%n", &s, &wlen) != 1) || (s < 0)) E_FATAL("Missing or bad state[%d]->senone mapping: %s\n", n, line); if ((p < m->n_ciphone) && (m->n_ci_sen <= s)) E_FATAL("CI-senone-id(%d) > #CI-senones(%d): %s\n", s, m->n_ci_sen, line); if (m->n_sen <= s) E_FATAL("Senone-id(%d) > #senones(%d): %s\n", s, m->n_sen, line); m->sseq[p][n] = s; lp += wlen; } /* Check for the last non-emitting state N */ if ((sscanf(lp, "%s%n", word, &wlen) != 1) || (strcmp(word, "N") != 0)) E_FATAL("Missing non-emitting state spec: %s\n", line); lp += wlen; /* Check for end of line */ if (sscanf(lp, "%s%n", word, &wlen) == 1) E_FATAL("Non-empty beyond non-emitting final state: %s\n", line); } static void parse_base_line(mdef_t * m, char *line, int p) { int32 wlen, n; __BIGSTACKVARIABLE__ char word[1024], *lp; int ci; lp = line; /* Read base phone name */ if (sscanf(lp, "%s%n", word, &wlen) != 1) E_FATAL("Missing base phone name: %s\n", line); lp += wlen; /* Make sure it's not a duplicate */ ci = mdef_ciphone_id(m, word); if (ci >= 0) E_FATAL("Duplicate base phone: %s\n", line); /* Add ciphone to ciphone table with id p */ ciphone_add(m, word, p); ci = (int) p; /* Read and skip "-" for lc, rc, wpos */ for (n = 0; n < 3; n++) { if ((sscanf(lp, "%s%n", word, &wlen) != 1) || (strcmp(word, "-") != 0)) E_FATAL("Bad context info for base phone: %s\n", line); lp += wlen; } /* Read filler attribute, if present */ if (sscanf(lp, "%s%n", word, &wlen) != 1) E_FATAL("Missing filler atribute field: %s\n", line); lp += wlen; if (strcmp(word, "filler") == 0) m->ciphone[(int) ci].filler = 1; else if (strcmp(word, "n/a") == 0) m->ciphone[(int) ci].filler = 0; else E_FATAL("Bad filler attribute field: %s\n", line); triphone_add(m, ci, -1, -1, WORD_POSN_UNDEFINED, p); /* Parse remainder of line: transition matrix and state->senone mappings */ parse_tmat_senmap(m, line, lp - line, p); } static void parse_tri_line(mdef_t * m, char *line, int p) { int32 wlen; __BIGSTACKVARIABLE__ char word[1024], *lp; int ci, lc, rc; word_posn_t wpos = WORD_POSN_BEGIN; lp = line; /* Read base phone name */ if (sscanf(lp, "%s%n", word, &wlen) != 1) E_FATAL("Missing base phone name: %s\n", line); lp += wlen; ci = mdef_ciphone_id(m, word); if (ci < 0) E_FATAL("Unknown base phone: %s\n", line); /* Read lc */ if (sscanf(lp, "%s%n", word, &wlen) != 1) E_FATAL("Missing left context: %s\n", line); lp += wlen; lc = mdef_ciphone_id(m, word); if (lc < 0) E_FATAL("Unknown left context: %s\n", line); /* Read rc */ if (sscanf(lp, "%s%n", word, &wlen) != 1) E_FATAL("Missing right context: %s\n", line); lp += wlen; rc = mdef_ciphone_id(m, word); if (rc < 0) E_FATAL("Unknown right context: %s\n", line); /* Read tripone word-position within word */ if ((sscanf(lp, "%s%n", word, &wlen) != 1) || (word[1] != '\0')) E_FATAL("Missing or bad word-position spec: %s\n", line); lp += wlen; switch (word[0]) { case 'b': wpos = WORD_POSN_BEGIN; break; case 'e': wpos = WORD_POSN_END; break; case 's': wpos = WORD_POSN_SINGLE; break; case 'i': wpos = WORD_POSN_INTERNAL; break; default: E_FATAL("Bad word-position spec: %s\n", line); } /* Read filler attribute, if present. Must match base phone attribute */ if (sscanf(lp, "%s%n", word, &wlen) != 1) E_FATAL("Missing filler attribute field: %s\n", line); lp += wlen; if (((strcmp(word, "filler") == 0) && (m->ciphone[(int) ci].filler)) || ((strcmp(word, "n/a") == 0) && (!m->ciphone[(int) ci].filler))) { /* Everything is fine */ } else E_FATAL("Bad filler attribute field: %s\n", line); triphone_add(m, ci, lc, rc, wpos, p); /* Parse remainder of line: transition matrix and state->senone mappings */ parse_tmat_senmap(m, line, lp - line, p); } static void sseq_compress(mdef_t * m) { hash_table_t *h; uint16 **sseq; int32 n_sseq; int32 p, j, k; glist_t g; gnode_t *gn; hash_entry_t *he; k = m->n_emit_state * sizeof(int16); h = hash_table_new(m->n_phone, HASH_CASE_YES); n_sseq = 0; /* Identify unique senone-sequence IDs. BUG: tmat-id not being considered!! */ for (p = 0; p < m->n_phone; p++) { /* Add senone sequence to hash table */ if (n_sseq == (j = hash_table_enter_bkey_int32(h, (char *)m->sseq[p], k, n_sseq))) n_sseq++; m->phone[p].ssid = j; } /* Generate compacted sseq table */ sseq = ckd_calloc_2d(n_sseq, m->n_emit_state, sizeof(**sseq)); /* freed in mdef_free() */ g = hash_table_tolist(h, &j); assert(j == n_sseq); for (gn = g; gn; gn = gnode_next(gn)) { he = (hash_entry_t *) gnode_ptr(gn); j = (int32)(long)hash_entry_val(he); memcpy(sseq[j], hash_entry_key(he), k); } glist_free(g); /* Free the old, temporary senone sequence table, replace with compacted one */ ckd_free_2d(m->sseq); m->sseq = sseq; m->n_sseq = n_sseq; hash_table_free(h); } static int32 noncomment_line(char *line, int32 size, FILE * fp) { while (fgets(line, size, fp) != NULL) { if (line[0] != '#') return 0; } return -1; } /* * Initialize phones (ci and triphones) and state->senone mappings from .mdef file. */ mdef_t * mdef_init(char *mdeffile, int32 breport) { FILE *fp; int32 n_ci, n_tri, n_map, n; __BIGSTACKVARIABLE__ char tag[1024], buf[1024]; uint16 **senmap; int p; int32 s, ci, cd; mdef_t *m; if (!mdeffile) E_FATAL("No mdef-file\n"); if (breport) E_INFO("Reading model definition: %s\n", mdeffile); m = (mdef_t *) ckd_calloc(1, sizeof(mdef_t)); /* freed in mdef_free */ if ((fp = fopen(mdeffile, "r")) == NULL) E_FATAL_SYSTEM("Failed to open mdef file '%s' for reading", mdeffile); if (noncomment_line(buf, sizeof(buf), fp) < 0) E_FATAL("Empty file: %s\n", mdeffile); if (strncmp(buf, "BMDF", 4) == 0 || strncmp(buf, "FDMB", 4) == 0) { E_INFO ("Found byte-order mark %.4s, assuming this is a binary mdef file\n", buf); fclose(fp); ckd_free(m); return NULL; } if (strncmp(buf, MODEL_DEF_VERSION, strlen(MODEL_DEF_VERSION)) != 0) E_FATAL("Version error: Expecing %s, but read %s\n", MODEL_DEF_VERSION, buf); /* Read #base phones, #triphones, #senone mappings defined in header */ n_ci = -1; n_tri = -1; n_map = -1; m->n_ci_sen = -1; m->n_sen = -1; m->n_tmat = -1; do { if (noncomment_line(buf, sizeof(buf), fp) < 0) E_FATAL("Incomplete header\n"); if ((sscanf(buf, "%d %s", &n, tag) != 2) || (n < 0)) E_FATAL("Error in header: %s\n", buf); if (strcmp(tag, "n_base") == 0) n_ci = n; else if (strcmp(tag, "n_tri") == 0) n_tri = n; else if (strcmp(tag, "n_state_map") == 0) n_map = n; else if (strcmp(tag, "n_tied_ci_state") == 0) m->n_ci_sen = n; else if (strcmp(tag, "n_tied_state") == 0) m->n_sen = n; else if (strcmp(tag, "n_tied_tmat") == 0) m->n_tmat = n; else E_FATAL("Unknown header line: %s\n", buf); } while ((n_ci < 0) || (n_tri < 0) || (n_map < 0) || (m->n_ci_sen < 0) || (m->n_sen < 0) || (m->n_tmat < 0)); if ((n_ci == 0) || (m->n_ci_sen == 0) || (m->n_tmat == 0) || (m->n_ci_sen > m->n_sen)) E_FATAL("%s: Error in header\n", mdeffile); /* Check typesize limits */ if (n_ci >= MAX_INT16) E_FATAL("%s: #CI phones (%d) exceeds limit (%d)\n", mdeffile, n_ci, MAX_INT16); if (n_ci + n_tri >= MAX_INT32) /* Comparison is always false... */ E_FATAL("%s: #Phones (%d) exceeds limit (%d)\n", mdeffile, n_ci + n_tri, MAX_INT32); if (m->n_sen >= MAX_INT16) E_FATAL("%s: #senones (%d) exceeds limit (%d)\n", mdeffile, m->n_sen, MAX_INT16); if (m->n_tmat >= MAX_INT32) /* Comparison is always false... */ E_FATAL("%s: #tmats (%d) exceeds limit (%d)\n", mdeffile, m->n_tmat, MAX_INT32); m->n_emit_state = (n_map / (n_ci + n_tri)) - 1; if ((m->n_emit_state + 1) * (n_ci + n_tri) != n_map) E_FATAL ("Header error: n_state_map not a multiple of n_ci*n_tri\n"); /* Initialize ciphone info */ m->n_ciphone = n_ci; m->ciphone_ht = hash_table_new(n_ci, HASH_CASE_YES); /* With case-insensitive string names *//* freed in mdef_free */ m->ciphone = (ciphone_t *) ckd_calloc(n_ci, sizeof(ciphone_t)); /* freed in mdef_free */ /* Initialize phones info (ciphones + triphones) */ m->n_phone = n_ci + n_tri; m->phone = (phone_t *) ckd_calloc(m->n_phone, sizeof(phone_t)); /* freed in mdef_free */ /* Allocate space for state->senone map for each phone */ senmap = ckd_calloc_2d(m->n_phone, m->n_emit_state, sizeof(**senmap)); /* freed in mdef_free */ m->sseq = senmap; /* TEMPORARY; until it is compressed into just the unique ones */ /* Allocate initial space for <ci,lc,rc,wpos> -> pid mapping */ m->wpos_ci_lclist = (ph_lc_t ***) ckd_calloc_2d(N_WORD_POSN, m->n_ciphone, sizeof(ph_lc_t *)); /* freed in mdef_free */ /* * Read base phones and triphones. They'll simply be assigned a running sequence * number as their "phone-id". If the phone-id < n_ci, it's a ciphone. */ /* Read base phones */ for (p = 0; p < n_ci; p++) { if (noncomment_line(buf, sizeof(buf), fp) < 0) E_FATAL("Premature EOF reading CIphone %d\n", p); parse_base_line(m, buf, p); } m->sil = mdef_ciphone_id(m, S3_SILENCE_CIPHONE); /* Read triphones, if any */ for (; p < m->n_phone; p++) { if (noncomment_line(buf, sizeof(buf), fp) < 0) E_FATAL("Premature EOF reading phone %d\n", p); parse_tri_line(m, buf, p); } if (noncomment_line(buf, sizeof(buf), fp) >= 0) E_ERROR("Non-empty file beyond expected #phones (%d)\n", m->n_phone); /* Build CD senones to CI senones map */ if (m->n_ciphone * m->n_emit_state != m->n_ci_sen) E_FATAL ("#CI-senones(%d) != #CI-phone(%d) x #emitting-states(%d)\n", m->n_ci_sen, m->n_ciphone, m->n_emit_state); m->cd2cisen = (int16 *) ckd_calloc(m->n_sen, sizeof(*m->cd2cisen)); /* freed in mdef_free */ m->sen2cimap = (int16 *) ckd_calloc(m->n_sen, sizeof(*m->sen2cimap)); /* freed in mdef_free */ for (s = 0; s < m->n_sen; s++) m->sen2cimap[s] = -1; for (s = 0; s < m->n_ci_sen; s++) { /* CI senones */ m->cd2cisen[s] = s; m->sen2cimap[s] = s / m->n_emit_state; } for (p = n_ci; p < m->n_phone; p++) { /* CD senones */ for (s = 0; s < m->n_emit_state; s++) { cd = m->sseq[p][s]; ci = m->sseq[m->phone[p].ci][s]; m->cd2cisen[cd] = ci; m->sen2cimap[cd] = m->phone[p].ci; } } sseq_compress(m); fclose(fp); return m; } void mdef_report(mdef_t * m) { E_INFO_NOFN("Initialization of mdef_t, report:\n"); E_INFO_NOFN ("%d CI-phone, %d CD-phone, %d emitstate/phone, %d CI-sen, %d Sen, %d Sen-Seq\n", m->n_ciphone, m->n_phone - m->n_ciphone, m->n_emit_state, m->n_ci_sen, m->n_sen, m->n_sseq); E_INFO_NOFN("\n"); } /* RAH 4.23.01, Need to step down the ->next list to see if there are any more things to free */ /* RAH 4.19.01, Attempt to free memory that was allocated within this module I have not verified that all the memory has been freed. I've taken only a reasonable effort for now. RAH 4.24.01 - verified that all memory is released. */ void mdef_free_recursive_lc(ph_lc_t * lc) { if (lc == NULL) return; if (lc->rclist) mdef_free_recursive_rc(lc->rclist); if (lc->next) mdef_free_recursive_lc(lc->next); ckd_free((void *) lc); } void mdef_free_recursive_rc(ph_rc_t * rc) { if (rc == NULL) return; if (rc->next) mdef_free_recursive_rc(rc->next); ckd_free((void *) rc); } /* RAH, Free memory that was allocated in mdef_init Rational purify shows that no leaks exist */ void mdef_free(mdef_t * m) { int i, j; if (m) { if (m->sen2cimap) ckd_free((void *) m->sen2cimap); if (m->cd2cisen) ckd_free((void *) m->cd2cisen); /* RAH, go down the ->next list and delete all the pieces */ for (i = 0; i < N_WORD_POSN; i++) for (j = 0; j < m->n_ciphone; j++) if (m->wpos_ci_lclist[i][j]) { mdef_free_recursive_lc(m->wpos_ci_lclist[i][j]->next); mdef_free_recursive_rc(m->wpos_ci_lclist[i][j]-> rclist); } for (i = 0; i < N_WORD_POSN; i++) for (j = 0; j < m->n_ciphone; j++) if (m->wpos_ci_lclist[i][j]) ckd_free((void *) m->wpos_ci_lclist[i][j]); if (m->wpos_ci_lclist) ckd_free_2d((void *) m->wpos_ci_lclist); if (m->sseq) ckd_free_2d((void *) m->sseq); /* Free phone context */ if (m->phone) ckd_free((void *) m->phone); if (m->ciphone_ht) hash_table_free(m->ciphone_ht); for (i = 0; i < m->n_ciphone; i++) { if (m->ciphone[i].name) ckd_free((void *) m->ciphone[i].name); } if (m->ciphone) ckd_free((void *) m->ciphone); ckd_free((void *) m); } }