From f1a0f0a56fdd0fc39f255174ce08c06b91c66c94 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wolfbeast Date: Fri, 23 Feb 2018 11:04:39 +0100 Subject: Update NSS to 3.35-RTM --- security/nss/doc/html/pk12util.html | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) (limited to 'security/nss/doc/html/pk12util.html') diff --git a/security/nss/doc/html/pk12util.html b/security/nss/doc/html/pk12util.html index fe516dd83..94dbf51e9 100644 --- a/security/nss/doc/html/pk12util.html +++ b/security/nss/doc/html/pk12util.html @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -PK12UTIL
PK12UTIL

Name

pk12util — Export and import keys and certificate to or from a PKCS #12 file and the NSS database

Synopsis

pk12util [-i p12File|-l p12File|-o p12File] [-d [sql:]directory] [-h tokenname] [-P dbprefix] [-r] [-v] [-k slotPasswordFile|-K slotPassword] [-w p12filePasswordFile|-W p12filePassword]

STATUS

This documentation is still work in progress. Please contribute to the initial review in Mozilla NSS bug 836477 -

Description

The PKCS #12 utility, pk12util, enables sharing certificates among any server that supports PKCS#12. The tool can import certificates and keys from PKCS#12 files into security databases, export certificates, and list certificates and keys.

Options and Arguments

Options

-i p12file

Import keys and certificates from a PKCS#12 file into a security database.

-l p12file

List the keys and certificates in PKCS#12 file.

-o p12file

Export keys and certificates from the security database to a PKCS#12 file.

Arguments

-c keyCipher

Specify the key encryption algorithm.

-C certCipher

Specify the key cert (overall package) encryption algorithm.

-d [sql:]directory

Specify the database directory into which to import to or export from certificates and keys.

pk12util supports two types of databases: the legacy security databases (cert8.db, key3.db, and secmod.db) and new SQLite databases (cert9.db, key4.db, and pkcs11.txt). If the prefix sql: is not used, then the tool assumes that the given databases are in the old format.

-h tokenname

Specify the name of the token to import into or export from.

-k slotPasswordFile

Specify the text file containing the slot's password.

-K slotPassword

Specify the slot's password.

-m | --key-len keyLength

Specify the desired length of the symmetric key to be used to encrypt the private key.

-n | --cert-key-len certKeyLength

Specify the desired length of the symmetric key to be used to encrypt the certificates and other meta-data.

-n certname

Specify the nickname of the cert and private key to export.

-P prefix

Specify the prefix used on the certificate and key databases. This option is provided as a special case. - Changing the names of the certificate and key databases is not recommended.

-r

Dumps all of the data in raw (binary) form. This must be saved as a DER file. The default is to return information in a pretty-print ASCII format, which displays the information about the certificates and public keys in the p12 file.

-v

Enable debug logging when importing.

-w p12filePasswordFile

Specify the text file containing the pkcs #12 file password.

-W p12filePassword

Specify the pkcs #12 file password.

Return Codes

  • 0 - No error

  • 1 - User Cancelled

  • 2 - Usage error

  • 6 - NLS init error

  • 8 - Certificate DB open error

  • 9 - Key DB open error

  • 10 - File initialization error

  • 11 - Unicode conversion error

  • 12 - Temporary file creation error

  • 13 - PKCS11 get slot error

  • 14 - PKCS12 decoder start error

  • 15 - error read from import file

  • 16 - pkcs12 decode error

  • 17 - pkcs12 decoder verify error

  • 18 - pkcs12 decoder validate bags error

  • 19 - pkcs12 decoder import bags error

  • 20 - key db conversion version 3 to version 2 error

  • 21 - cert db conversion version 7 to version 5 error

  • 22 - cert and key dbs patch error

  • 23 - get default cert db error

  • 24 - find cert by nickname error

  • 25 - create export context error

  • 26 - PKCS12 add password itegrity error

  • 27 - cert and key Safes creation error

  • 28 - PKCS12 add cert and key error

  • 29 - PKCS12 encode error

Examples

Importing Keys and Certificates

The most basic usage of pk12util for importing a certificate or key is the PKCS#12 input file (-i) and some way to specify the security database being accessed (either -d for a directory or -h for a token). +PK12UTIL

PK12UTIL

Name

pk12util — Export and import keys and certificate to or from a PKCS #12 file and the NSS database

Synopsis

pk12util [-i p12File|-l p12File|-o p12File] [-d [sql:]directory] [-h tokenname] [-P dbprefix] [-r] [-v] [-k slotPasswordFile|-K slotPassword] [-w p12filePasswordFile|-W p12filePassword]

STATUS

This documentation is still work in progress. Please contribute to the initial review in Mozilla NSS bug 836477 +

Description

The PKCS #12 utility, pk12util, enables sharing certificates among any server that supports PKCS #12. The tool can import certificates and keys from PKCS #12 files into security databases, export certificates, and list certificates and keys.

Options and Arguments

Options

-i p12file

Import keys and certificates from a PKCS #12 file into a security database.

-l p12file

List the keys and certificates in PKCS #12 file.

-o p12file

Export keys and certificates from the security database to a PKCS #12 file.

Arguments

-c keyCipher

Specify the key encryption algorithm.

-C certCipher

Specify the certiticate encryption algorithm.

-d [sql:]directory

Specify the database directory into which to import to or export from certificates and keys.

pk12util supports two types of databases: the legacy security databases (cert8.db, key3.db, and secmod.db) and new SQLite databases (cert9.db, key4.db, and pkcs11.txt). If the prefix sql: is not used, then the tool assumes that the given databases are in the old format.

-h tokenname

Specify the name of the token to import into or export from.

-k slotPasswordFile

Specify the text file containing the slot's password.

-K slotPassword

Specify the slot's password.

-m | --key-len keyLength

Specify the desired length of the symmetric key to be used to encrypt the private key.

-n | --cert-key-len certKeyLength

Specify the desired length of the symmetric key to be used to encrypt the certificates and other meta-data.

-n certname

Specify the nickname of the cert and private key to export.

-P prefix

Specify the prefix used on the certificate and key databases. This option is provided as a special case. + Changing the names of the certificate and key databases is not recommended.

-r

Dumps all of the data in raw (binary) form. This must be saved as a DER file. The default is to return information in a pretty-print ASCII format, which displays the information about the certificates and public keys in the p12 file.

-v

Enable debug logging when importing.

-w p12filePasswordFile

Specify the text file containing the pkcs #12 file password.

-W p12filePassword

Specify the pkcs #12 file password.

Return Codes

  • 0 - No error

  • 1 - User Cancelled

  • 2 - Usage error

  • 6 - NLS init error

  • 8 - Certificate DB open error

  • 9 - Key DB open error

  • 10 - File initialization error

  • 11 - Unicode conversion error

  • 12 - Temporary file creation error

  • 13 - PKCS11 get slot error

  • 14 - PKCS12 decoder start error

  • 15 - error read from import file

  • 16 - pkcs12 decode error

  • 17 - pkcs12 decoder verify error

  • 18 - pkcs12 decoder validate bags error

  • 19 - pkcs12 decoder import bags error

  • 20 - key db conversion version 3 to version 2 error

  • 21 - cert db conversion version 7 to version 5 error

  • 22 - cert and key dbs patch error

  • 23 - get default cert db error

  • 24 - find cert by nickname error

  • 25 - create export context error

  • 26 - PKCS12 add password itegrity error

  • 27 - cert and key Safes creation error

  • 28 - PKCS12 add cert and key error

  • 29 - PKCS12 encode error

Examples

Importing Keys and Certificates

The most basic usage of pk12util for importing a certificate or key is the PKCS #12 input file (-i) and some way to specify the security database being accessed (either -d for a directory or -h for a token).

pk12util -i p12File [-h tokenname] [-v] [-d [sql:]directory] [-P dbprefix] [-k slotPasswordFile|-K slotPassword] [-w p12filePasswordFile|-W p12filePassword]

For example:

# pk12util -i /tmp/cert-files/users.p12 -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ and should contain at least one non-alphabetic character.
 Enter new password: 
 Re-enter password: 
 Enter password for PKCS12 file: 
-pk12util: PKCS12 IMPORT SUCCESSFUL

Exporting Keys and Certificates

Using the pk12util command to export certificates and keys requires both the name of the certificate to extract from the database (-n) and the PKCS#12-formatted output file to write to. There are optional parameters that can be used to encrypt the file to protect the certificate material. +pk12util: PKCS12 IMPORT SUCCESSFUL

Exporting Keys and Certificates

Using the pk12util command to export certificates and keys requires both the name of the certificate to extract from the database (-n) and the PKCS #12-formatted output file to write to. There are optional parameters that can be used to encrypt the file to protect the certificate material.

pk12util -o p12File -n certname [-c keyCipher] [-C certCipher] [-m|--key_len keyLen] [-n|--cert_key_len certKeyLen] [-d [sql:]directory] [-P dbprefix] [-k slotPasswordFile|-K slotPassword] [-w p12filePasswordFile|-W p12filePassword]

For example:

# pk12util -o certs.p12 -n Server-Cert -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb
 Enter password for PKCS12 file: 
 Re-enter password:

Listing Keys and Certificates

The information in a .p12 file are not human-readable. The certificates and keys in the file can be printed (listed) in a human-readable pretty-print format that shows information for every certificate and any public keys in the .p12 file. @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Key(shrouded): Certificate Friendly Name: Thawte Personal Freemail Issuing CA - Thawte Consulting Certificate Friendly Name: Thawte Freemail Member's Thawte Consulting (Pty) Ltd. ID -

Password Encryption

PKCS#12 provides for not only the protection of the private keys but also the certificate and meta-data associated with the keys. Password-based encryption is used to protect private keys on export to a PKCS#12 file and, optionally, the entire package. If no algorithm is specified, the tool defaults to using PKCS12 V2 PBE with SHA1 and 3KEY Triple DES-cbc for private key encryption. PKCS12 V2 PBE with SHA1 and 40 Bit RC4 is the default for the overall package encryption when not in FIPS mode. When in FIPS mode, there is no package encryption.

The private key is always protected with strong encryption by default.

Several types of ciphers are supported.

Symmetric CBC ciphers for PKCS#5 V2

  • DES-CBC

  • RC2-CBC

  • RC5-CBCPad

  • DES-EDE3-CBC (the default for key encryption)

  • AES-128-CBC

  • AES-192-CBC

  • AES-256-CBC

  • CAMELLIA-128-CBC

  • CAMELLIA-192-CBC

  • CAMELLIA-256-CBC

PKCS#12 PBE ciphers

  • PKCS #12 PBE with Sha1 and 128 Bit RC4

  • PKCS #12 PBE with Sha1 and 40 Bit RC4

  • PKCS #12 PBE with Sha1 and Triple DES CBC

  • PKCS #12 PBE with Sha1 and 128 Bit RC2 CBC

  • PKCS #12 PBE with Sha1 and 40 Bit RC2 CBC

  • PKCS12 V2 PBE with SHA1 and 128 Bit RC4

  • PKCS12 V2 PBE with SHA1 and 40 Bit RC4 (the default for non-FIPS mode)

  • PKCS12 V2 PBE with SHA1 and 3KEY Triple DES-cbc

  • PKCS12 V2 PBE with SHA1 and 2KEY Triple DES-cbc

  • PKCS12 V2 PBE with SHA1 and 128 Bit RC2 CBC

  • PKCS12 V2 PBE with SHA1 and 40 Bit RC2 CBC

PKCS#5 PBE ciphers

  • PKCS #5 Password Based Encryption with MD2 and DES CBC

  • PKCS #5 Password Based Encryption with MD5 and DES CBC

  • PKCS #5 Password Based Encryption with SHA1 and DES CBC

With PKCS#12, the crypto provider may be the soft token module or an external hardware module. If the cryptographic module does not support the requested algorithm, then the next best fit will be selected (usually the default). If no suitable replacement for the desired algorithm can be found, the tool returns the error no security module can perform the requested operation.

NSS Database Types

NSS originally used BerkeleyDB databases to store security information. +

Password Encryption

PKCS #12 provides for not only the protection of the private keys but also the certificate and meta-data associated with the keys. Password-based encryption is used to protect private keys on export to a PKCS #12 file and, optionally, the associated certificates. If no algorithm is specified, the tool defaults to using PKCS #12 SHA-1 and 3-key triple DES for private key encryption. When not in FIPS mode, PKCS #12 SHA-1 and 40-bit RC4 is used for certificate encryption. When in FIPS mode, there is no certificate encryption. If certificate encryption is not wanted, specify "NONE" as the argument of the -C option.

The private key is always protected with strong encryption by default.

Several types of ciphers are supported.

PKCS #5 password-based encryption

  • PBES2 with AES-CBC-Pad as underlying encryption scheme ("AES-128-CBC", "AES-192-CBC", and "AES-256-CBC")

PKCS #12 password-based encryption

  • SHA-1 and 128-bit RC4 ("PKCS #12 V2 PBE With SHA-1 And 128 Bit RC4" or "RC4")

  • SHA-1 and 40-bit RC4 ("PKCS #12 V2 PBE With SHA-1 And 40 Bit RC4") (used by default for certificate encryption in non-FIPS mode)

  • SHA-1 and 3-key triple-DES ("PKCS #12 V2 PBE With SHA-1 And 3KEY Triple DES-CBC" or "DES-EDE3-CBC")

  • SHA-1 and 128-bit RC2 ("PKCS #12 V2 PBE With SHA-1 And 128 Bit RC2 CBC" or "RC2-CBC")

  • SHA-1 and 40-bit RC2 ("PKCS #12 V2 PBE With SHA-1 And 40 Bit RC2 CBC")

With PKCS #12, the crypto provider may be the soft token module or an external hardware module. If the cryptographic module does not support the requested algorithm, then the next best fit will be selected (usually the default). If no suitable replacement for the desired algorithm can be found, the tool returns the error no security module can perform the requested operation.

NSS Database Types

NSS originally used BerkeleyDB databases to store security information. The last versions of these legacy databases are:

  • cert8.db for certificates

  • @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ BerkleyDB. These new databases provide more accessibility and performance:

    sql: prefix with the given security directory. For example:

    # pk12util -i /tmp/cert-files/users.p12 -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb

    To set the shared database type as the default type for the tools, set the NSS_DEFAULT_DB_TYPE environment variable to sql:

    export NSS_DEFAULT_DB_TYPE="sql"

    This line can be set added to the ~/.bashrc file to make the change permanent.

    Most applications do not use the shared database by default, but they can be configured to use them. For example, this how-to article covers how to configure Firefox and Thunderbird to use the new shared NSS databases:

    • https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB_Howto

    For an engineering draft on the changes in the shared NSS databases, see the NSS project wiki:

    • https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB -

See Also

certutil (1)

modutil (1)

The NSS wiki has information on the new database design and how to configure applications to use it.

  • +

Compatibility Notes

The exporting behavior of pk12util has changed over time, while importing files exported with older versions of NSS is still supported.

Until the 3.30 release, pk12util used the UTF-16 encoding for the PKCS #5 password-based encryption schemes, while the recommendation is to encode passwords in UTF-8 if the used encryption scheme is defined outside of the PKCS #12 standard.

Until the 3.31 release, even when "AES-128-CBC" or "AES-192-CBC" is given from the command line, pk12util always used 256-bit AES as the underlying encryption scheme.

For historical reasons, pk12util accepts password-based encryption schemes not listed in this document. However, those schemes are not officially supported and may have issues in interoperability with other tools.

See Also

certutil (1)

modutil (1)

The NSS wiki has information on the new database design and how to configure applications to use it.

  • https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB_Howto

  • https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB

Additional Resources

For information about NSS and other tools related to NSS (like JSS), check out the NSS project wiki at http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss/. The NSS site relates directly to NSS code changes and releases.

Mailing lists: https://lists.mozilla.org/listinfo/dev-tech-crypto

IRC: Freenode at #dogtag-pki

Authors

The NSS tools were written and maintained by developers with Netscape, Red Hat, Sun, Oracle, Mozilla, and Google.

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