Import aom library

This is the reference implementation for the Alliance for Open Media's av1 video code.

The commit used was 4d668d7feb1f8abd809d1bca0418570a7f142a36.

1 files changed, 12713 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/third_party/aom/av1/encoder/rdopt.c b/third_party/aom/av1/encoder/rdopt.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1096f782
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/aom/av1/encoder/rdopt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,12713 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, Alliance for Open Media. All rights reserved
+ *
+ * This source code is subject to the terms of the BSD 2 Clause License and
+ * the Alliance for Open Media Patent License 1.0. If the BSD 2 Clause License
+ * was not distributed with this source code in the LICENSE file, you can
+ * obtain it at www.aomedia.org/license/software. If the Alliance for Open
+ * Media Patent License 1.0 was not distributed with this source code in the
+ * PATENTS file, you can obtain it at www.aomedia.org/license/patent.
+ */
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include "./aom_dsp_rtcd.h"
+#include "./av1_rtcd.h"
+
+#include "aom_dsp/aom_dsp_common.h"
+#include "aom_dsp/blend.h"
+#include "aom_mem/aom_mem.h"
+#include "aom_ports/mem.h"
+#include "aom_ports/system_state.h"
+
+#include "av1/common/common.h"
+#include "av1/common/common_data.h"
+#include "av1/common/entropy.h"
+#include "av1/common/entropymode.h"
+#include "av1/common/idct.h"
+#include "av1/common/mvref_common.h"
+#include "av1/common/pred_common.h"
+#include "av1/common/quant_common.h"
+#include "av1/common/reconinter.h"
+#include "av1/common/reconintra.h"
+#include "av1/common/scan.h"
+#include "av1/common/seg_common.h"
+#if CONFIG_LV_MAP
+#include "av1/common/txb_common.h"
+#endif
+#if CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+#include "av1/common/warped_motion.h"
+#endif  // CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+
+#include "av1/encoder/aq_variance.h"
+#include "av1/encoder/av1_quantize.h"
+#include "av1/encoder/cost.h"
+#include "av1/encoder/encodemb.h"
+#include "av1/encoder/encodemv.h"
+#include "av1/encoder/encoder.h"
+#if CONFIG_LV_MAP
+#include "av1/encoder/encodetxb.h"
+#endif
+#include "av1/encoder/hybrid_fwd_txfm.h"
+#include "av1/encoder/mcomp.h"
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+#include "av1/encoder/palette.h"
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+#include "av1/encoder/ratectrl.h"
+#include "av1/encoder/rd.h"
+#include "av1/encoder/rdopt.h"
+#include "av1/encoder/tokenize.h"
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+#include "av1/encoder/pvq_encoder.h"
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+#if CONFIG_PVQ || CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+#include "av1/common/pvq.h"
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ || CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+#define DUAL_FILTER_SET_SIZE (SWITCHABLE_FILTERS * SWITCHABLE_FILTERS)
+static const int filter_sets[DUAL_FILTER_SET_SIZE][2] = {
+  { 0, 0 }, { 0, 1 }, { 0, 2 }, { 0, 3 }, { 1, 0 }, { 1, 1 },
+  { 1, 2 }, { 1, 3 }, { 2, 0 }, { 2, 1 }, { 2, 2 }, { 2, 3 },
+  { 3, 0 }, { 3, 1 }, { 3, 2 }, { 3, 3 },
+};
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+
+#define LAST_FRAME_MODE_MASK                                      \
+  ((1 << INTRA_FRAME) | (1 << LAST2_FRAME) | (1 << LAST3_FRAME) | \
+   (1 << GOLDEN_FRAME) | (1 << BWDREF_FRAME) | (1 << ALTREF_FRAME))
+#define LAST2_FRAME_MODE_MASK                                    \
+  ((1 << INTRA_FRAME) | (1 << LAST_FRAME) | (1 << LAST3_FRAME) | \
+   (1 << GOLDEN_FRAME) | (1 << BWDREF_FRAME) | (1 << ALTREF_FRAME))
+#define LAST3_FRAME_MODE_MASK                                    \
+  ((1 << INTRA_FRAME) | (1 << LAST_FRAME) | (1 << LAST2_FRAME) | \
+   (1 << GOLDEN_FRAME) | (1 << BWDREF_FRAME) | (1 << ALTREF_FRAME))
+#define GOLDEN_FRAME_MODE_MASK                                   \
+  ((1 << INTRA_FRAME) | (1 << LAST_FRAME) | (1 << LAST2_FRAME) | \
+   (1 << LAST3_FRAME) | (1 << BWDREF_FRAME) | (1 << ALTREF_FRAME))
+#define BWDREF_FRAME_MODE_MASK                                   \
+  ((1 << INTRA_FRAME) | (1 << LAST_FRAME) | (1 << LAST2_FRAME) | \
+   (1 << LAST3_FRAME) | (1 << GOLDEN_FRAME) | (1 << ALTREF_FRAME))
+#define ALTREF_FRAME_MODE_MASK                                   \
+  ((1 << INTRA_FRAME) | (1 << LAST_FRAME) | (1 << LAST2_FRAME) | \
+   (1 << LAST3_FRAME) | (1 << GOLDEN_FRAME) | (1 << BWDREF_FRAME))
+
+#else
+
+#define LAST_FRAME_MODE_MASK \
+  ((1 << GOLDEN_FRAME) | (1 << ALTREF_FRAME) | (1 << INTRA_FRAME))
+#define GOLDEN_FRAME_MODE_MASK \
+  ((1 << LAST_FRAME) | (1 << ALTREF_FRAME) | (1 << INTRA_FRAME))
+#define ALTREF_FRAME_MODE_MASK \
+  ((1 << LAST_FRAME) | (1 << GOLDEN_FRAME) | (1 << INTRA_FRAME))
+
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+#define SECOND_REF_FRAME_MASK ((1 << ALTREF_FRAME) | (1 << BWDREF_FRAME) | 0x01)
+#else
+#define SECOND_REF_FRAME_MASK ((1 << ALTREF_FRAME) | 0x01)
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+
+#define MIN_EARLY_TERM_INDEX 3
+#define NEW_MV_DISCOUNT_FACTOR 8
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+#define ANGLE_SKIP_THRESH 10
+#define FILTER_FAST_SEARCH 1
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+
+const double ADST_FLIP_SVM[8] = { -6.6623, -2.8062, -3.2531, 3.1671,    // vert
+                                  -7.7051, -3.2234, -3.6193, 3.4533 };  // horz
+
+typedef struct {
+  PREDICTION_MODE mode;
+  MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame[2];
+} MODE_DEFINITION;
+
+typedef struct { MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame[2]; } REF_DEFINITION;
+
+struct rdcost_block_args {
+  const AV1_COMP *cpi;
+  MACROBLOCK *x;
+  ENTROPY_CONTEXT t_above[2 * MAX_MIB_SIZE];
+  ENTROPY_CONTEXT t_left[2 * MAX_MIB_SIZE];
+  RD_STATS rd_stats;
+  int64_t this_rd;
+  int64_t best_rd;
+  int exit_early;
+  int use_fast_coef_costing;
+};
+
+#define LAST_NEW_MV_INDEX 6
+static const MODE_DEFINITION av1_mode_order[MAX_MODES] = {
+  { NEARESTMV, { LAST_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { NEARESTMV, { LAST2_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { NEARESTMV, { LAST3_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { NEARESTMV, { BWDREF_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { NEARESTMV, { ALTREF_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { NEARESTMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+
+  { DC_PRED, { INTRA_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+
+  { NEWMV, { LAST_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { NEWMV, { LAST2_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { NEWMV, { LAST3_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { NEWMV, { BWDREF_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { NEWMV, { ALTREF_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { NEWMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+
+  { NEARMV, { LAST_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { NEARMV, { LAST2_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { NEARMV, { LAST3_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { NEARMV, { BWDREF_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { NEARMV, { ALTREF_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { NEARMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+
+  { ZEROMV, { LAST_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { ZEROMV, { LAST2_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { ZEROMV, { LAST3_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { ZEROMV, { BWDREF_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { ZEROMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { ZEROMV, { ALTREF_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+
+// TODO(zoeliu): May need to reconsider the order on the modes to check
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  { NEAREST_NEARESTMV, { LAST_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { NEAREST_NEARESTMV, { LAST2_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEARESTMV, { LAST3_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { NEAREST_NEARESTMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { NEAREST_NEARESTMV, { LAST_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEARESTMV, { LAST2_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEARESTMV, { LAST3_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEARESTMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+
+#else  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+  { NEARESTMV, { LAST_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { NEARESTMV, { LAST2_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEARESTMV, { LAST3_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { NEARESTMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { NEARESTMV, { LAST_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEARESTMV, { LAST2_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEARESTMV, { LAST3_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEARESTMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+  { TM_PRED, { INTRA_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+
+#if CONFIG_ALT_INTRA
+  { SMOOTH_PRED, { INTRA_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_ALT_INTRA
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  { NEAR_NEARESTMV, { LAST_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEARMV, { LAST_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAR_NEARMV, { LAST_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEARESTMV, { LAST_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEWMV, { LAST_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEARMV, { LAST_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAR_NEWMV, { LAST_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEWMV, { LAST_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { ZERO_ZEROMV, { LAST_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { NEAR_NEARESTMV, { LAST2_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEARMV, { LAST2_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAR_NEARMV, { LAST2_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEARESTMV, { LAST2_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEWMV, { LAST2_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEARMV, { LAST2_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAR_NEWMV, { LAST2_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEWMV, { LAST2_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { ZERO_ZEROMV, { LAST2_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+
+  { NEAR_NEARESTMV, { LAST3_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEARMV, { LAST3_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAR_NEARMV, { LAST3_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEARESTMV, { LAST3_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEWMV, { LAST3_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEARMV, { LAST3_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAR_NEWMV, { LAST3_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEWMV, { LAST3_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { ZERO_ZEROMV, { LAST3_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+
+  { NEAR_NEARESTMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEARMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAR_NEARMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEARESTMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEWMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEARMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAR_NEWMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEWMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { ZERO_ZEROMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { NEAR_NEARESTMV, { LAST_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEARMV, { LAST_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAR_NEARMV, { LAST_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEARESTMV, { LAST_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEWMV, { LAST_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEARMV, { LAST_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAR_NEWMV, { LAST_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEWMV, { LAST_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { ZERO_ZEROMV, { LAST_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+
+  { NEAR_NEARESTMV, { LAST2_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEARMV, { LAST2_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAR_NEARMV, { LAST2_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEARESTMV, { LAST2_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEWMV, { LAST2_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEARMV, { LAST2_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAR_NEWMV, { LAST2_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEWMV, { LAST2_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { ZERO_ZEROMV, { LAST2_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+
+  { NEAR_NEARESTMV, { LAST3_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEARMV, { LAST3_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAR_NEARMV, { LAST3_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEARESTMV, { LAST3_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEWMV, { LAST3_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEARMV, { LAST3_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAR_NEWMV, { LAST3_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEWMV, { LAST3_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { ZERO_ZEROMV, { LAST3_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+
+  { NEAR_NEARESTMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEARMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAR_NEARMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEARESTMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAREST_NEWMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEARMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEAR_NEWMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEW_NEWMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { ZERO_ZEROMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+
+#else  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+  { NEARMV, { LAST_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEWMV, { LAST_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { NEARMV, { LAST2_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEWMV, { LAST2_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEARMV, { LAST3_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEWMV, { LAST3_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { NEARMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEWMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { NEARMV, { LAST_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEWMV, { LAST_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEARMV, { LAST2_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEWMV, { LAST2_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEARMV, { LAST3_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEWMV, { LAST3_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEARMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { NEWMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+
+  { ZEROMV, { LAST_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { ZEROMV, { LAST2_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+  { ZEROMV, { LAST3_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { ZEROMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { ZEROMV, { LAST_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { ZEROMV, { LAST2_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { ZEROMV, { LAST3_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { ZEROMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+  { H_PRED, { INTRA_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { V_PRED, { INTRA_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { D135_PRED, { INTRA_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { D207_PRED, { INTRA_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { D153_PRED, { INTRA_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { D63_PRED, { INTRA_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { D117_PRED, { INTRA_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { D45_PRED, { INTRA_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  { ZEROMV, { LAST_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+  { NEARESTMV, { LAST_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+  { NEARMV, { LAST_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+  { NEWMV, { LAST_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { ZEROMV, { LAST2_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+  { NEARESTMV, { LAST2_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+  { NEARMV, { LAST2_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+  { NEWMV, { LAST2_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+
+  { ZEROMV, { LAST3_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+  { NEARESTMV, { LAST3_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+  { NEARMV, { LAST3_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+  { NEWMV, { LAST3_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+
+  { ZEROMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+  { NEARESTMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+  { NEARMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+  { NEWMV, { GOLDEN_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { ZEROMV, { BWDREF_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+  { NEARESTMV, { BWDREF_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+  { NEARMV, { BWDREF_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+  { NEWMV, { BWDREF_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+
+  { ZEROMV, { ALTREF_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+  { NEARESTMV, { ALTREF_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+  { NEARMV, { ALTREF_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+  { NEWMV, { ALTREF_FRAME, INTRA_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+};
+
+static const REF_DEFINITION av1_ref_order[MAX_REFS] = {
+  { { LAST_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { { LAST2_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },    { { LAST3_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+  { { BWDREF_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { { GOLDEN_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },   { { ALTREF_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+
+  { { LAST_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { { LAST2_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },  { { LAST3_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { { GOLDEN_FRAME, ALTREF_FRAME } },
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+  { { LAST_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },   { { LAST2_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+  { { LAST3_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },  { { GOLDEN_FRAME, BWDREF_FRAME } },
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+
+  { { INTRA_FRAME, NONE_FRAME } },
+};
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA || CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA || CONFIG_PALETTE
+static INLINE int write_uniform_cost(int n, int v) {
+  const int l = get_unsigned_bits(n);
+  const int m = (1 << l) - n;
+  if (l == 0) return 0;
+  if (v < m)
+    return (l - 1) * av1_cost_bit(128, 0);
+  else
+    return l * av1_cost_bit(128, 0);
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA || CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA || CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+// constants for prune 1 and prune 2 decision boundaries
+#define FAST_EXT_TX_CORR_MID 0.0
+#define FAST_EXT_TX_EDST_MID 0.1
+#define FAST_EXT_TX_CORR_MARGIN 0.5
+#define FAST_EXT_TX_EDST_MARGIN 0.3
+
+static const TX_TYPE_1D vtx_tab[TX_TYPES] = {
+  DCT_1D,      ADST_1D, DCT_1D,      ADST_1D,
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  FLIPADST_1D, DCT_1D,  FLIPADST_1D, ADST_1D, FLIPADST_1D, IDTX_1D,
+  DCT_1D,      IDTX_1D, ADST_1D,     IDTX_1D, FLIPADST_1D, IDTX_1D,
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+};
+
+static const TX_TYPE_1D htx_tab[TX_TYPES] = {
+  DCT_1D,  DCT_1D,      ADST_1D,     ADST_1D,
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  DCT_1D,  FLIPADST_1D, FLIPADST_1D, FLIPADST_1D, ADST_1D, IDTX_1D,
+  IDTX_1D, DCT_1D,      IDTX_1D,     ADST_1D,     IDTX_1D, FLIPADST_1D,
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+};
+
+#if CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+static int od_compute_var_4x4(od_coeff *x, int stride) {
+  int sum;
+  int s2;
+  int i;
+  sum = 0;
+  s2 = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    int j;
+    for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+      int t;
+
+      t = x[i * stride + j];
+      sum += t;
+      s2 += t * t;
+    }
+  }
+  // TODO(yushin) : Check wheter any changes are required for high bit depth.
+  return (s2 - (sum * sum >> 4)) >> 4;
+}
+
+/* OD_DIST_LP_MID controls the frequency weighting filter used for computing
+   the distortion. For a value X, the filter is [1 X 1]/(X + 2) and
+   is applied both horizontally and vertically. For X=5, the filter is
+   a good approximation for the OD_QM8_Q4_HVS quantization matrix. */
+#define OD_DIST_LP_MID (5)
+#define OD_DIST_LP_NORM (OD_DIST_LP_MID + 2)
+
+static double od_compute_dist_8x8(int qm, int use_activity_masking, od_coeff *x,
+                                  od_coeff *y, od_coeff *e_lp, int stride) {
+  double sum;
+  int min_var;
+  double mean_var;
+  double var_stat;
+  double activity;
+  double calibration;
+  int i;
+  int j;
+  double vardist;
+
+  vardist = 0;
+  OD_ASSERT(qm != OD_FLAT_QM);
+  (void)qm;
+#if 1
+  min_var = INT_MAX;
+  mean_var = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
+      int varx;
+      int vary;
+      varx = od_compute_var_4x4(x + 2 * i * stride + 2 * j, stride);
+      vary = od_compute_var_4x4(y + 2 * i * stride + 2 * j, stride);
+      min_var = OD_MINI(min_var, varx);
+      mean_var += 1. / (1 + varx);
+      /* The cast to (double) is to avoid an overflow before the sqrt.*/
+      vardist += varx - 2 * sqrt(varx * (double)vary) + vary;
+    }
+  }
+  /* We use a different variance statistic depending on whether activity
+     masking is used, since the harmonic mean appeared slghtly worse with
+     masking off. The calibration constant just ensures that we preserve the
+     rate compared to activity=1. */
+  if (use_activity_masking) {
+    calibration = 1.95;
+    var_stat = 9. / mean_var;
+  } else {
+    calibration = 1.62;
+    var_stat = min_var;
+  }
+  /* 1.62 is a calibration constant, 0.25 is a noise floor and 1/6 is the
+     activity masking constant. */
+  activity = calibration * pow(.25 + var_stat, -1. / 6);
+#else
+  activity = 1;
+#endif  // 1
+  sum = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
+      sum += e_lp[i * stride + j] * (double)e_lp[i * stride + j];
+  }
+  /* Normalize the filter to unit DC response. */
+  sum *= 1. / (OD_DIST_LP_NORM * OD_DIST_LP_NORM * OD_DIST_LP_NORM *
+               OD_DIST_LP_NORM);
+  return activity * activity * (sum + vardist);
+}
+
+// Note : Inputs x and y are in a pixel domain
+static double od_compute_dist(int qm, int activity_masking, od_coeff *x,
+                              od_coeff *y, int bsize_w, int bsize_h,
+                              int qindex) {
+  int i;
+  double sum;
+  sum = 0;
+
+  assert(bsize_w >= 8 && bsize_h >= 8);
+
+  if (qm == OD_FLAT_QM) {
+    for (i = 0; i < bsize_w * bsize_h; i++) {
+      double tmp;
+      tmp = x[i] - y[i];
+      sum += tmp * tmp;
+    }
+  } else {
+    int j;
+    DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, od_coeff, e[MAX_TX_SQUARE]);
+    DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, od_coeff, tmp[MAX_TX_SQUARE]);
+    DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, od_coeff, e_lp[MAX_TX_SQUARE]);
+    int mid = OD_DIST_LP_MID;
+    for (i = 0; i < bsize_h; i++) {
+      for (j = 0; j < bsize_w; j++) {
+        e[i * bsize_w + j] = x[i * bsize_w + j] - y[i * bsize_w + j];
+      }
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < bsize_h; i++) {
+      tmp[i * bsize_w] = mid * e[i * bsize_w] + 2 * e[i * bsize_w + 1];
+      tmp[i * bsize_w + bsize_w - 1] =
+          mid * e[i * bsize_w + bsize_w - 1] + 2 * e[i * bsize_w + bsize_w - 2];
+      for (j = 1; j < bsize_w - 1; j++) {
+        tmp[i * bsize_w + j] = mid * e[i * bsize_w + j] +
+                               e[i * bsize_w + j - 1] + e[i * bsize_w + j + 1];
+      }
+    }
+    for (j = 0; j < bsize_w; j++) {
+      e_lp[j] = mid * tmp[j] + 2 * tmp[bsize_w + j];
+      e_lp[(bsize_h - 1) * bsize_w + j] =
+          mid * tmp[(bsize_h - 1) * bsize_w + j] +
+          2 * tmp[(bsize_h - 2) * bsize_w + j];
+    }
+    for (i = 1; i < bsize_h - 1; i++) {
+      for (j = 0; j < bsize_w; j++) {
+        e_lp[i * bsize_w + j] = mid * tmp[i * bsize_w + j] +
+                                tmp[(i - 1) * bsize_w + j] +
+                                tmp[(i + 1) * bsize_w + j];
+      }
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < bsize_h; i += 8) {
+      for (j = 0; j < bsize_w; j += 8) {
+        sum += od_compute_dist_8x8(qm, activity_masking, &x[i * bsize_w + j],
+                                   &y[i * bsize_w + j], &e_lp[i * bsize_w + j],
+                                   bsize_w);
+      }
+    }
+    /* Scale according to linear regression against SSE, for 8x8 blocks. */
+    if (activity_masking) {
+      sum *= 2.2 + (1.7 - 2.2) * (qindex - 99) / (210 - 99) +
+             (qindex < 99 ? 2.5 * (qindex - 99) / 99 * (qindex - 99) / 99 : 0);
+    } else {
+      sum *= qindex >= 128
+                 ? 1.4 + (0.9 - 1.4) * (qindex - 128) / (209 - 128)
+                 : qindex <= 43
+                       ? 1.5 + (2.0 - 1.5) * (qindex - 43) / (16 - 43)
+                       : 1.5 + (1.4 - 1.5) * (qindex - 43) / (128 - 43);
+    }
+  }
+  return sum;
+}
+
+static int64_t av1_daala_dist(const uint8_t *src, int src_stride,
+                              const uint8_t *dst, int dst_stride, int bsw,
+                              int bsh, int qm, int use_activity_masking,
+                              int qindex) {
+  int i, j;
+  int64_t d;
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, od_coeff, orig[MAX_TX_SQUARE]);
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, od_coeff, rec[MAX_TX_SQUARE]);
+
+  assert(qm == OD_HVS_QM);
+
+  for (j = 0; j < bsh; j++)
+    for (i = 0; i < bsw; i++) orig[j * bsw + i] = src[j * src_stride + i];
+
+  for (j = 0; j < bsh; j++)
+    for (i = 0; i < bsw; i++) rec[j * bsw + i] = dst[j * dst_stride + i];
+
+  d = (int64_t)od_compute_dist(qm, use_activity_masking, orig, rec, bsw, bsh,
+                               qindex);
+  return d;
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+
+static void get_energy_distribution_fine(const AV1_COMP *cpi, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                                         const uint8_t *src, int src_stride,
+                                         const uint8_t *dst, int dst_stride,
+                                         double *hordist, double *verdist) {
+  const int bw = block_size_wide[bsize];
+  const int bh = block_size_high[bsize];
+  unsigned int esq[16] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+
+  const int f_index = bsize - BLOCK_16X16;
+  if (f_index < 0) {
+    const int w_shift = bw == 8 ? 1 : 2;
+    const int h_shift = bh == 8 ? 1 : 2;
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    if (cpi->common.use_highbitdepth) {
+      const uint16_t *src16 = CONVERT_TO_SHORTPTR(src);
+      const uint16_t *dst16 = CONVERT_TO_SHORTPTR(dst);
+      for (int i = 0; i < bh; ++i)
+        for (int j = 0; j < bw; ++j) {
+          const int index = (j >> w_shift) + ((i >> h_shift) << 2);
+          esq[index] +=
+              (src16[j + i * src_stride] - dst16[j + i * dst_stride]) *
+              (src16[j + i * src_stride] - dst16[j + i * dst_stride]);
+        }
+    } else {
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < bh; ++i)
+        for (int j = 0; j < bw; ++j) {
+          const int index = (j >> w_shift) + ((i >> h_shift) << 2);
+          esq[index] += (src[j + i * src_stride] - dst[j + i * dst_stride]) *
+                        (src[j + i * src_stride] - dst[j + i * dst_stride]);
+        }
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  } else {
+    cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src, src_stride, dst, dst_stride, &esq[0]);
+    cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src + bw / 4, src_stride, dst + bw / 4, dst_stride,
+                            &esq[1]);
+    cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src + bw / 2, src_stride, dst + bw / 2, dst_stride,
+                            &esq[2]);
+    cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src + 3 * bw / 4, src_stride, dst + 3 * bw / 4,
+                            dst_stride, &esq[3]);
+    src += bh / 4 * src_stride;
+    dst += bh / 4 * dst_stride;
+
+    cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src, src_stride, dst, dst_stride, &esq[4]);
+    cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src + bw / 4, src_stride, dst + bw / 4, dst_stride,
+                            &esq[5]);
+    cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src + bw / 2, src_stride, dst + bw / 2, dst_stride,
+                            &esq[6]);
+    cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src + 3 * bw / 4, src_stride, dst + 3 * bw / 4,
+                            dst_stride, &esq[7]);
+    src += bh / 4 * src_stride;
+    dst += bh / 4 * dst_stride;
+
+    cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src, src_stride, dst, dst_stride, &esq[8]);
+    cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src + bw / 4, src_stride, dst + bw / 4, dst_stride,
+                            &esq[9]);
+    cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src + bw / 2, src_stride, dst + bw / 2, dst_stride,
+                            &esq[10]);
+    cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src + 3 * bw / 4, src_stride, dst + 3 * bw / 4,
+                            dst_stride, &esq[11]);
+    src += bh / 4 * src_stride;
+    dst += bh / 4 * dst_stride;
+
+    cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src, src_stride, dst, dst_stride, &esq[12]);
+    cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src + bw / 4, src_stride, dst + bw / 4, dst_stride,
+                            &esq[13]);
+    cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src + bw / 2, src_stride, dst + bw / 2, dst_stride,
+                            &esq[14]);
+    cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src + 3 * bw / 4, src_stride, dst + 3 * bw / 4,
+                            dst_stride, &esq[15]);
+  }
+
+  double total = (double)esq[0] + esq[1] + esq[2] + esq[3] + esq[4] + esq[5] +
+                 esq[6] + esq[7] + esq[8] + esq[9] + esq[10] + esq[11] +
+                 esq[12] + esq[13] + esq[14] + esq[15];
+  if (total > 0) {
+    const double e_recip = 1.0 / total;
+    hordist[0] = ((double)esq[0] + esq[4] + esq[8] + esq[12]) * e_recip;
+    hordist[1] = ((double)esq[1] + esq[5] + esq[9] + esq[13]) * e_recip;
+    hordist[2] = ((double)esq[2] + esq[6] + esq[10] + esq[14]) * e_recip;
+    verdist[0] = ((double)esq[0] + esq[1] + esq[2] + esq[3]) * e_recip;
+    verdist[1] = ((double)esq[4] + esq[5] + esq[6] + esq[7]) * e_recip;
+    verdist[2] = ((double)esq[8] + esq[9] + esq[10] + esq[11]) * e_recip;
+  } else {
+    hordist[0] = verdist[0] = 0.25;
+    hordist[1] = verdist[1] = 0.25;
+    hordist[2] = verdist[2] = 0.25;
+  }
+}
+
+static int adst_vs_flipadst(const AV1_COMP *cpi, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                            const uint8_t *src, int src_stride,
+                            const uint8_t *dst, int dst_stride) {
+  int prune_bitmask = 0;
+  double svm_proj_h = 0, svm_proj_v = 0;
+  double hdist[3] = { 0, 0, 0 }, vdist[3] = { 0, 0, 0 };
+  get_energy_distribution_fine(cpi, bsize, src, src_stride, dst, dst_stride,
+                               hdist, vdist);
+
+  svm_proj_v = vdist[0] * ADST_FLIP_SVM[0] + vdist[1] * ADST_FLIP_SVM[1] +
+               vdist[2] * ADST_FLIP_SVM[2] + ADST_FLIP_SVM[3];
+  svm_proj_h = hdist[0] * ADST_FLIP_SVM[4] + hdist[1] * ADST_FLIP_SVM[5] +
+               hdist[2] * ADST_FLIP_SVM[6] + ADST_FLIP_SVM[7];
+  if (svm_proj_v > FAST_EXT_TX_EDST_MID + FAST_EXT_TX_EDST_MARGIN)
+    prune_bitmask |= 1 << FLIPADST_1D;
+  else if (svm_proj_v < FAST_EXT_TX_EDST_MID - FAST_EXT_TX_EDST_MARGIN)
+    prune_bitmask |= 1 << ADST_1D;
+
+  if (svm_proj_h > FAST_EXT_TX_EDST_MID + FAST_EXT_TX_EDST_MARGIN)
+    prune_bitmask |= 1 << (FLIPADST_1D + 8);
+  else if (svm_proj_h < FAST_EXT_TX_EDST_MID - FAST_EXT_TX_EDST_MARGIN)
+    prune_bitmask |= 1 << (ADST_1D + 8);
+
+  return prune_bitmask;
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+static void get_horver_correlation(const int16_t *diff, int stride, int w,
+                                   int h, double *hcorr, double *vcorr) {
+  // Returns hor/ver correlation coefficient
+  const int num = (h - 1) * (w - 1);
+  double num_r;
+  int i, j;
+  int64_t xy_sum = 0, xz_sum = 0;
+  int64_t x_sum = 0, y_sum = 0, z_sum = 0;
+  int64_t x2_sum = 0, y2_sum = 0, z2_sum = 0;
+  double x_var_n, y_var_n, z_var_n, xy_var_n, xz_var_n;
+  *hcorr = *vcorr = 1;
+
+  assert(num > 0);
+  num_r = 1.0 / num;
+  for (i = 1; i < h; ++i) {
+    for (j = 1; j < w; ++j) {
+      const int16_t x = diff[i * stride + j];
+      const int16_t y = diff[i * stride + j - 1];
+      const int16_t z = diff[(i - 1) * stride + j];
+      xy_sum += x * y;
+      xz_sum += x * z;
+      x_sum += x;
+      y_sum += y;
+      z_sum += z;
+      x2_sum += x * x;
+      y2_sum += y * y;
+      z2_sum += z * z;
+    }
+  }
+  x_var_n = x2_sum - (x_sum * x_sum) * num_r;
+  y_var_n = y2_sum - (y_sum * y_sum) * num_r;
+  z_var_n = z2_sum - (z_sum * z_sum) * num_r;
+  xy_var_n = xy_sum - (x_sum * y_sum) * num_r;
+  xz_var_n = xz_sum - (x_sum * z_sum) * num_r;
+  if (x_var_n > 0 && y_var_n > 0) {
+    *hcorr = xy_var_n / sqrt(x_var_n * y_var_n);
+    *hcorr = *hcorr < 0 ? 0 : *hcorr;
+  }
+  if (x_var_n > 0 && z_var_n > 0) {
+    *vcorr = xz_var_n / sqrt(x_var_n * z_var_n);
+    *vcorr = *vcorr < 0 ? 0 : *vcorr;
+  }
+}
+
+int dct_vs_idtx(const int16_t *diff, int stride, int w, int h) {
+  double hcorr, vcorr;
+  int prune_bitmask = 0;
+  get_horver_correlation(diff, stride, w, h, &hcorr, &vcorr);
+
+  if (vcorr > FAST_EXT_TX_CORR_MID + FAST_EXT_TX_CORR_MARGIN)
+    prune_bitmask |= 1 << IDTX_1D;
+  else if (vcorr < FAST_EXT_TX_CORR_MID - FAST_EXT_TX_CORR_MARGIN)
+    prune_bitmask |= 1 << DCT_1D;
+
+  if (hcorr > FAST_EXT_TX_CORR_MID + FAST_EXT_TX_CORR_MARGIN)
+    prune_bitmask |= 1 << (IDTX_1D + 8);
+  else if (hcorr < FAST_EXT_TX_CORR_MID - FAST_EXT_TX_CORR_MARGIN)
+    prune_bitmask |= 1 << (DCT_1D + 8);
+  return prune_bitmask;
+}
+
+// Performance drop: 0.5%, Speed improvement: 24%
+static int prune_two_for_sby(const AV1_COMP *cpi, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                             MACROBLOCK *x, const MACROBLOCKD *xd,
+                             int adst_flipadst, int dct_idtx) {
+  int prune = 0;
+
+  if (adst_flipadst) {
+    const struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[0];
+    const struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[0];
+    prune |= adst_vs_flipadst(cpi, bsize, p->src.buf, p->src.stride,
+                              pd->dst.buf, pd->dst.stride);
+  }
+  if (dct_idtx) {
+    av1_subtract_plane(x, bsize, 0);
+    const struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[0];
+    const int bw = 4 << (b_width_log2_lookup[bsize]);
+    const int bh = 4 << (b_height_log2_lookup[bsize]);
+    prune |= dct_vs_idtx(p->src_diff, bw, bw, bh);
+  }
+
+  return prune;
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+
+// Performance drop: 0.3%, Speed improvement: 5%
+static int prune_one_for_sby(const AV1_COMP *cpi, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                             const MACROBLOCK *x, const MACROBLOCKD *xd) {
+  const struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[0];
+  const struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[0];
+  return adst_vs_flipadst(cpi, bsize, p->src.buf, p->src.stride, pd->dst.buf,
+                          pd->dst.stride);
+}
+
+static int prune_tx_types(const AV1_COMP *cpi, BLOCK_SIZE bsize, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                          const MACROBLOCKD *const xd, int tx_set) {
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  const int *tx_set_1D = ext_tx_used_inter_1D[tx_set];
+#else
+  const int tx_set_1D[TX_TYPES_1D] = { 0 };
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+
+  switch (cpi->sf.tx_type_search.prune_mode) {
+    case NO_PRUNE: return 0; break;
+    case PRUNE_ONE:
+      if ((tx_set >= 0) && !(tx_set_1D[FLIPADST_1D] & tx_set_1D[ADST_1D]))
+        return 0;
+      return prune_one_for_sby(cpi, bsize, x, xd);
+      break;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+    case PRUNE_TWO:
+      if ((tx_set >= 0) && !(tx_set_1D[FLIPADST_1D] & tx_set_1D[ADST_1D])) {
+        if (!(tx_set_1D[DCT_1D] & tx_set_1D[IDTX_1D])) return 0;
+        return prune_two_for_sby(cpi, bsize, x, xd, 0, 1);
+      }
+      if ((tx_set >= 0) && !(tx_set_1D[DCT_1D] & tx_set_1D[IDTX_1D]))
+        return prune_two_for_sby(cpi, bsize, x, xd, 1, 0);
+      return prune_two_for_sby(cpi, bsize, x, xd, 1, 1);
+      break;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  }
+  assert(0);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int do_tx_type_search(TX_TYPE tx_type, int prune) {
+// TODO(sarahparker) implement for non ext tx
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  return !(((prune >> vtx_tab[tx_type]) & 1) |
+           ((prune >> (htx_tab[tx_type] + 8)) & 1));
+#else
+  // temporary to avoid compiler warnings
+  (void)vtx_tab;
+  (void)htx_tab;
+  (void)tx_type;
+  (void)prune;
+  return 1;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+}
+
+static void model_rd_from_sse(const AV1_COMP *const cpi,
+                              const MACROBLOCKD *const xd, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                              int plane, int64_t sse, int *rate,
+                              int64_t *dist) {
+  const struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[plane];
+  const int dequant_shift =
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) ? xd->bd - 5 :
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+                                                    3;
+
+  // Fast approximate the modelling function.
+  if (cpi->sf.simple_model_rd_from_var) {
+    const int64_t square_error = sse;
+    int quantizer = (pd->dequant[1] >> dequant_shift);
+
+    if (quantizer < 120)
+      *rate = (int)((square_error * (280 - quantizer)) >>
+                    (16 - AV1_PROB_COST_SHIFT));
+    else
+      *rate = 0;
+    *dist = (square_error * quantizer) >> 8;
+  } else {
+    av1_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(sse, num_pels_log2_lookup[bsize],
+                                 pd->dequant[1] >> dequant_shift, rate, dist);
+  }
+
+  *dist <<= 4;
+}
+
+static void model_rd_for_sb(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                            MACROBLOCK *x, MACROBLOCKD *xd, int plane_from,
+                            int plane_to, int *out_rate_sum,
+                            int64_t *out_dist_sum, int *skip_txfm_sb,
+                            int64_t *skip_sse_sb) {
+  // Note our transform coeffs are 8 times an orthogonal transform.
+  // Hence quantizer step is also 8 times. To get effective quantizer
+  // we need to divide by 8 before sending to modeling function.
+  int plane;
+  const int ref = xd->mi[0]->mbmi.ref_frame[0];
+
+  int64_t rate_sum = 0;
+  int64_t dist_sum = 0;
+  int64_t total_sse = 0;
+
+  x->pred_sse[ref] = 0;
+
+  for (plane = plane_from; plane <= plane_to; ++plane) {
+    struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[plane];
+    struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[plane];
+#if CONFIG_CB4X4 && !CONFIG_CHROMA_2X2
+    const BLOCK_SIZE bs = AOMMAX(BLOCK_4X4, get_plane_block_size(bsize, pd));
+#else
+    const BLOCK_SIZE bs = get_plane_block_size(bsize, pd);
+#endif  // CONFIG_CB4X4 && !CONFIG_CHROMA_2X2
+
+    unsigned int sse;
+    int rate;
+    int64_t dist;
+
+#if CONFIG_CB4X4
+    if (x->skip_chroma_rd && plane) continue;
+#endif  // CONFIG_CB4X4
+
+    // TODO(geza): Write direct sse functions that do not compute
+    // variance as well.
+    cpi->fn_ptr[bs].vf(p->src.buf, p->src.stride, pd->dst.buf, pd->dst.stride,
+                       &sse);
+
+    if (plane == 0) x->pred_sse[ref] = sse;
+
+    total_sse += sse;
+
+    model_rd_from_sse(cpi, xd, bs, plane, sse, &rate, &dist);
+
+    rate_sum += rate;
+    dist_sum += dist;
+  }
+
+  *skip_txfm_sb = total_sse == 0;
+  *skip_sse_sb = total_sse << 4;
+  *out_rate_sum = (int)rate_sum;
+  *out_dist_sum = dist_sum;
+}
+
+int64_t av1_block_error_c(const tran_low_t *coeff, const tran_low_t *dqcoeff,
+                          intptr_t block_size, int64_t *ssz) {
+  int i;
+  int64_t error = 0, sqcoeff = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < block_size; i++) {
+    const int diff = coeff[i] - dqcoeff[i];
+    error += diff * diff;
+    sqcoeff += coeff[i] * coeff[i];
+  }
+
+  *ssz = sqcoeff;
+  return error;
+}
+
+int64_t av1_block_error_fp_c(const int16_t *coeff, const int16_t *dqcoeff,
+                             int block_size) {
+  int i;
+  int64_t error = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < block_size; i++) {
+    const int diff = coeff[i] - dqcoeff[i];
+    error += diff * diff;
+  }
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+int64_t av1_highbd_block_error_c(const tran_low_t *coeff,
+                                 const tran_low_t *dqcoeff, intptr_t block_size,
+                                 int64_t *ssz, int bd) {
+  int i;
+  int64_t error = 0, sqcoeff = 0;
+  int shift = 2 * (bd - 8);
+  int rounding = shift > 0 ? 1 << (shift - 1) : 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < block_size; i++) {
+    const int64_t diff = coeff[i] - dqcoeff[i];
+    error += diff * diff;
+    sqcoeff += (int64_t)coeff[i] * (int64_t)coeff[i];
+  }
+  assert(error >= 0 && sqcoeff >= 0);
+  error = (error + rounding) >> shift;
+  sqcoeff = (sqcoeff + rounding) >> shift;
+
+  *ssz = sqcoeff;
+  return error;
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+// Without PVQ, av1_block_error_c() return two kind of errors,
+// 1) reconstruction (i.e. decoded) error and
+// 2) Squared sum of transformed residue (i.e. 'coeff')
+// However, if PVQ is enabled, coeff does not keep the transformed residue
+// but instead a transformed original is kept.
+// Hence, new parameter ref vector (i.e. transformed predicted signal)
+// is required to derive the residue signal,
+// i.e. coeff - ref = residue (all transformed).
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+static int64_t av1_highbd_block_error2_c(const tran_low_t *coeff,
+                                         const tran_low_t *dqcoeff,
+                                         const tran_low_t *ref,
+                                         intptr_t block_size, int64_t *ssz,
+                                         int bd) {
+  int64_t error;
+  int64_t sqcoeff;
+  int shift = 2 * (bd - 8);
+  int rounding = shift > 0 ? 1 << (shift - 1) : 0;
+  // Use the existing sse codes for calculating distortion of decoded signal:
+  // i.e. (orig - decoded)^2
+  // For high bit depth, throw away ssz until a 32-bit version of
+  // av1_block_error_fp is written.
+  int64_t ssz_trash;
+  error = av1_block_error(coeff, dqcoeff, block_size, &ssz_trash);
+  // prediction residue^2 = (orig - ref)^2
+  sqcoeff = av1_block_error(coeff, ref, block_size, &ssz_trash);
+  error = (error + rounding) >> shift;
+  sqcoeff = (sqcoeff + rounding) >> shift;
+  *ssz = sqcoeff;
+  return error;
+}
+#else
+// TODO(yushin) : Since 4x4 case does not need ssz, better to refactor into
+// a separate function that does not do the extra computations for ssz.
+static int64_t av1_block_error2_c(const tran_low_t *coeff,
+                                  const tran_low_t *dqcoeff,
+                                  const tran_low_t *ref, intptr_t block_size,
+                                  int64_t *ssz) {
+  int64_t error;
+  // Use the existing sse codes for calculating distortion of decoded signal:
+  // i.e. (orig - decoded)^2
+  error = av1_block_error_fp(coeff, dqcoeff, block_size);
+  // prediction residue^2 = (orig - ref)^2
+  *ssz = av1_block_error_fp(coeff, ref, block_size);
+  return error;
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+
+#if !CONFIG_PVQ || CONFIG_VAR_TX
+/* The trailing '0' is a terminator which is used inside av1_cost_coeffs() to
+ * decide whether to include cost of a trailing EOB node or not (i.e. we
+ * can skip this if the last coefficient in this transform block, e.g. the
+ * 16th coefficient in a 4x4 block or the 64th coefficient in a 8x8 block,
+ * were non-zero). */
+#if !CONFIG_LV_MAP
+static int cost_coeffs(const AV1_COMMON *const cm, MACROBLOCK *x, int plane,
+                       int block, TX_SIZE tx_size, const SCAN_ORDER *scan_order,
+                       const ENTROPY_CONTEXT *a, const ENTROPY_CONTEXT *l,
+                       int use_fast_coef_costing) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  const struct macroblock_plane *p = &x->plane[plane];
+  const struct macroblockd_plane *pd = &xd->plane[plane];
+  const PLANE_TYPE type = pd->plane_type;
+  const uint16_t *band_count = &band_count_table[tx_size][1];
+  const int eob = p->eobs[block];
+  const tran_low_t *const qcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(p->qcoeff, block);
+  const int tx_size_ctx = txsize_sqr_map[tx_size];
+  unsigned int(*token_costs)[2][COEFF_CONTEXTS][ENTROPY_TOKENS] =
+      x->token_costs[tx_size_ctx][type][is_inter_block(mbmi)];
+  uint8_t token_cache[MAX_TX_SQUARE];
+  int pt = combine_entropy_contexts(*a, *l);
+  int c, cost;
+  const int16_t *scan = scan_order->scan;
+  const int16_t *nb = scan_order->neighbors;
+#if CONFIG_NEW_TOKENSET
+  const int ref = is_inter_block(mbmi);
+  aom_prob *blockz_probs =
+      cm->fc->blockzero_probs[txsize_sqr_map[tx_size]][type][ref];
+
+#endif  // CONFIG_NEW_TOKENSET
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  const int cat6_bits = av1_get_cat6_extrabits_size(tx_size, xd->bd);
+#else
+  const int cat6_bits = av1_get_cat6_extrabits_size(tx_size, 8);
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+#if !CONFIG_VAR_TX && !CONFIG_SUPERTX
+  // Check for consistency of tx_size with mode info
+  assert(tx_size == get_tx_size(plane, xd));
+#endif  // !CONFIG_VAR_TX && !CONFIG_SUPERTX
+  (void)cm;
+
+  if (eob == 0) {
+#if CONFIG_NEW_TOKENSET
+    // single eob token
+    cost = av1_cost_bit(blockz_probs[pt], 0);
+#else
+    cost = token_costs[0][0][pt][EOB_TOKEN];
+#endif  // CONFIG_NEW_TOKENSET
+  } else {
+    if (use_fast_coef_costing) {
+      int band_left = *band_count++;
+
+      // dc token
+      int v = qcoeff[0];
+      int16_t prev_t;
+      cost = av1_get_token_cost(v, &prev_t, cat6_bits);
+#if CONFIG_NEW_TOKENSET
+      cost += (*token_costs)[!prev_t][pt][prev_t];
+#else
+      cost += (*token_costs)[0][pt][prev_t];
+#endif
+
+      token_cache[0] = av1_pt_energy_class[prev_t];
+      ++token_costs;
+
+      // ac tokens
+      for (c = 1; c < eob; c++) {
+        const int rc = scan[c];
+        int16_t t;
+
+        v = qcoeff[rc];
+        cost += av1_get_token_cost(v, &t, cat6_bits);
+#if CONFIG_NEW_TOKENSET
+        cost += (*token_costs)[!t][!prev_t][t];
+#else
+        cost += (*token_costs)[!prev_t][!prev_t][t];
+#endif
+        prev_t = t;
+        if (!--band_left) {
+          band_left = *band_count++;
+          ++token_costs;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // eob token
+      if (band_left || CONFIG_NEW_TOKENSET)
+        cost += (*token_costs)[0][!prev_t][EOB_TOKEN];
+
+    } else {  // !use_fast_coef_costing
+      int band_left = *band_count++;
+
+      // dc token
+      int v = qcoeff[0];
+      int16_t tok;
+#if !CONFIG_NEW_TOKENSET
+      unsigned int(*tok_cost_ptr)[COEFF_CONTEXTS][ENTROPY_TOKENS];
+#endif
+      cost = av1_get_token_cost(v, &tok, cat6_bits);
+#if CONFIG_NEW_TOKENSET
+      cost += (*token_costs)[!tok][pt][tok];
+#else
+      cost += (*token_costs)[0][pt][tok];
+#endif
+
+      token_cache[0] = av1_pt_energy_class[tok];
+      ++token_costs;
+
+#if !CONFIG_NEW_TOKENSET
+      tok_cost_ptr = &((*token_costs)[!tok]);
+#endif
+
+      // ac tokens
+      for (c = 1; c < eob; c++) {
+        const int rc = scan[c];
+
+        v = qcoeff[rc];
+        cost += av1_get_token_cost(v, &tok, cat6_bits);
+        pt = get_coef_context(nb, token_cache, c);
+#if CONFIG_NEW_TOKENSET
+        cost += (*token_costs)[!tok][pt][tok];
+#else
+        cost += (*tok_cost_ptr)[pt][tok];
+#endif
+        token_cache[rc] = av1_pt_energy_class[tok];
+        if (!--band_left) {
+          band_left = *band_count++;
+          ++token_costs;
+        }
+#if !CONFIG_NEW_TOKENSET
+        tok_cost_ptr = &((*token_costs)[!tok]);
+#endif
+      }
+
+      // eob token
+      if (band_left || CONFIG_NEW_TOKENSET) {
+        pt = get_coef_context(nb, token_cache, c);
+        cost += (*token_costs)[0][pt][EOB_TOKEN];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return cost;
+}
+#endif  // !CONFIG_LV_MAP
+
+int av1_cost_coeffs(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, int plane,
+                    int block, TX_SIZE tx_size, const SCAN_ORDER *scan_order,
+                    const ENTROPY_CONTEXT *a, const ENTROPY_CONTEXT *l,
+                    int use_fast_coef_costing) {
+#if !CONFIG_LV_MAP
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  return cost_coeffs(cm, x, plane, block, tx_size, scan_order, a, l,
+                     use_fast_coef_costing);
+#else  // !CONFIG_LV_MAP
+  (void)scan_order;
+  (void)use_fast_coef_costing;
+  const MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  const struct macroblockd_plane *pd = &xd->plane[plane];
+  const BLOCK_SIZE bsize = mbmi->sb_type;
+#if CONFIG_CB4X4
+#if CONFIG_CHROMA_2X2
+  const BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize = get_plane_block_size(bsize, pd);
+#else
+  const BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize =
+      AOMMAX(BLOCK_4X4, get_plane_block_size(bsize, pd));
+#endif  // CONFIG_CHROMA_2X2
+#else   // CONFIG_CB4X4
+  const BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize =
+      get_plane_block_size(AOMMAX(BLOCK_8X8, bsize), pd);
+#endif  // CONFIG_CB4X4
+
+  TXB_CTX txb_ctx;
+  get_txb_ctx(plane_bsize, tx_size, plane, a, l, &txb_ctx);
+  return av1_cost_coeffs_txb(cpi, x, plane, block, &txb_ctx);
+#endif  // !CONFIG_LV_MAP
+}
+#endif  // !CONFIG_PVQ || CONFIG_VAR_TX
+
+// Get transform block visible dimensions cropped to the MI units.
+static void get_txb_dimensions(const MACROBLOCKD *xd, int plane,
+                               BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize, int blk_row, int blk_col,
+                               BLOCK_SIZE tx_bsize, int *width, int *height,
+                               int *visible_width, int *visible_height) {
+  assert(tx_bsize <= plane_bsize);
+  int txb_height = block_size_high[tx_bsize];
+  int txb_width = block_size_wide[tx_bsize];
+  const int block_height = block_size_high[plane_bsize];
+  const int block_width = block_size_wide[plane_bsize];
+  const struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[plane];
+  // TODO(aconverse@google.com): Investigate using crop_width/height here rather
+  // than the MI size
+  const int block_rows =
+      (xd->mb_to_bottom_edge >= 0)
+          ? block_height
+          : (xd->mb_to_bottom_edge >> (3 + pd->subsampling_y)) + block_height;
+  const int block_cols =
+      (xd->mb_to_right_edge >= 0)
+          ? block_width
+          : (xd->mb_to_right_edge >> (3 + pd->subsampling_x)) + block_width;
+  const int tx_unit_size = tx_size_wide_log2[0];
+  if (width) *width = txb_width;
+  if (height) *height = txb_height;
+  *visible_width = clamp(block_cols - (blk_col << tx_unit_size), 0, txb_width);
+  *visible_height =
+      clamp(block_rows - (blk_row << tx_unit_size), 0, txb_height);
+}
+
+// Compute the pixel domain sum square error on all visible 4x4s in the
+// transform block.
+static unsigned pixel_sse(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, const MACROBLOCKD *xd,
+                          int plane, const uint8_t *src, const int src_stride,
+                          const uint8_t *dst, const int dst_stride, int blk_row,
+                          int blk_col, const BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize,
+                          const BLOCK_SIZE tx_bsize) {
+  int txb_rows, txb_cols, visible_rows, visible_cols;
+  get_txb_dimensions(xd, plane, plane_bsize, blk_row, blk_col, tx_bsize,
+                     &txb_cols, &txb_rows, &visible_cols, &visible_rows);
+  assert(visible_rows > 0);
+  assert(visible_cols > 0);
+  if (txb_rows == visible_rows && txb_cols == visible_cols) {
+    unsigned sse;
+    cpi->fn_ptr[tx_bsize].vf(src, src_stride, dst, dst_stride, &sse);
+    return sse;
+  }
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+    uint64_t sse = aom_highbd_sse_odd_size(src, src_stride, dst, dst_stride,
+                                           visible_cols, visible_rows);
+    return (unsigned int)ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(sse, (xd->bd - 8) * 2);
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  unsigned sse = aom_sse_odd_size(src, src_stride, dst, dst_stride,
+                                  visible_cols, visible_rows);
+  return sse;
+}
+
+// Compute the squares sum squares on all visible 4x4s in the transform block.
+static int64_t sum_squares_visible(const MACROBLOCKD *xd, int plane,
+                                   const int16_t *diff, const int diff_stride,
+                                   int blk_row, int blk_col,
+                                   const BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize,
+                                   const BLOCK_SIZE tx_bsize) {
+  int visible_rows, visible_cols;
+  get_txb_dimensions(xd, plane, plane_bsize, blk_row, blk_col, tx_bsize, NULL,
+                     NULL, &visible_cols, &visible_rows);
+  return aom_sum_squares_2d_i16(diff, diff_stride, visible_cols, visible_rows);
+}
+
+void av1_dist_block(const AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, int plane,
+                    BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize, int block, int blk_row, int blk_col,
+                    TX_SIZE tx_size, int64_t *out_dist, int64_t *out_sse,
+                    OUTPUT_STATUS output_status) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[plane];
+#if CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+  int qm = OD_HVS_QM;
+  int use_activity_masking = 0;
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+  use_activity_masking = x->daala_enc.use_activity_masking;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[plane];
+#else   // CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+  const struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[plane];
+#endif  // CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+
+  if (cpi->sf.use_transform_domain_distortion && !CONFIG_DAALA_DIST) {
+    // Transform domain distortion computation is more efficient as it does
+    // not involve an inverse transform, but it is less accurate.
+    const int buffer_length = tx_size_2d[tx_size];
+    int64_t this_sse;
+    int shift = (MAX_TX_SCALE - av1_get_tx_scale(tx_size)) * 2;
+    tran_low_t *const coeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(p->coeff, block);
+    tran_low_t *const dqcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(pd->dqcoeff, block);
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+    tran_low_t *ref_coeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(pd->pvq_ref_coeff, block);
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    const int bd = (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) ? xd->bd : 8;
+    *out_dist = av1_highbd_block_error2_c(coeff, dqcoeff, ref_coeff,
+                                          buffer_length, &this_sse, bd) >>
+                shift;
+#else
+    *out_dist = av1_block_error2_c(coeff, dqcoeff, ref_coeff, buffer_length,
+                                   &this_sse) >>
+                shift;
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+#elif CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    const int bd = (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) ? xd->bd : 8;
+    *out_dist =
+        av1_highbd_block_error(coeff, dqcoeff, buffer_length, &this_sse, bd) >>
+        shift;
+#else
+    *out_dist =
+        av1_block_error(coeff, dqcoeff, buffer_length, &this_sse) >> shift;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+    *out_sse = this_sse >> shift;
+  } else {
+    const BLOCK_SIZE tx_bsize = txsize_to_bsize[tx_size];
+#if !CONFIG_PVQ || CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+    const int bsw = block_size_wide[tx_bsize];
+    const int bsh = block_size_high[tx_bsize];
+#endif
+    const int src_stride = x->plane[plane].src.stride;
+    const int dst_stride = xd->plane[plane].dst.stride;
+    // Scale the transform block index to pixel unit.
+    const int src_idx = (blk_row * src_stride + blk_col)
+                        << tx_size_wide_log2[0];
+    const int dst_idx = (blk_row * dst_stride + blk_col)
+                        << tx_size_wide_log2[0];
+    const uint8_t *src = &x->plane[plane].src.buf[src_idx];
+    const uint8_t *dst = &xd->plane[plane].dst.buf[dst_idx];
+    const tran_low_t *dqcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(pd->dqcoeff, block);
+    const uint16_t eob = p->eobs[block];
+
+    assert(cpi != NULL);
+    assert(tx_size_wide_log2[0] == tx_size_high_log2[0]);
+
+#if CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+    if (plane == 0 && bsw >= 8 && bsh >= 8) {
+      if (output_status == OUTPUT_HAS_DECODED_PIXELS) {
+        const int pred_stride = block_size_wide[plane_bsize];
+        const int pred_idx = (blk_row * pred_stride + blk_col)
+                             << tx_size_wide_log2[0];
+        const int16_t *pred = &pd->pred[pred_idx];
+        int i, j;
+        DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint8_t, pred8[MAX_TX_SQUARE]);
+
+        for (j = 0; j < bsh; j++)
+          for (i = 0; i < bsw; i++)
+            pred8[j * bsw + i] = pred[j * pred_stride + i];
+        *out_sse = av1_daala_dist(src, src_stride, pred8, bsw, bsw, bsh, qm,
+                                  use_activity_masking, x->qindex);
+      } else {
+        *out_sse = av1_daala_dist(src, src_stride, dst, dst_stride, bsw, bsh,
+                                  qm, use_activity_masking, x->qindex);
+      }
+    } else
+#endif  // CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+    {
+      const int diff_stride = block_size_wide[plane_bsize];
+      const int diff_idx = (blk_row * diff_stride + blk_col)
+                           << tx_size_wide_log2[0];
+      const int16_t *diff = &p->src_diff[diff_idx];
+      *out_sse = sum_squares_visible(xd, plane, diff, diff_stride, blk_row,
+                                     blk_col, plane_bsize, tx_bsize);
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH)
+        *out_sse = ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(*out_sse, (xd->bd - 8) * 2);
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    }
+    *out_sse *= 16;
+
+    if (eob) {
+      if (output_status == OUTPUT_HAS_DECODED_PIXELS) {
+#if CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+        if (plane == 0 && bsw >= 8 && bsh >= 8)
+          *out_dist = av1_daala_dist(src, src_stride, dst, dst_stride, bsw, bsh,
+                                     qm, use_activity_masking, x->qindex);
+        else
+#endif  // CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+          *out_dist =
+              pixel_sse(cpi, xd, plane, src, src_stride, dst, dst_stride,
+                        blk_row, blk_col, plane_bsize, tx_bsize);
+      } else {
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+        uint8_t *recon;
+        DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint16_t, recon16[MAX_TX_SQUARE]);
+
+        if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH)
+          recon = CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(recon16);
+        else
+          recon = (uint8_t *)recon16;
+#else
+        DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint8_t, recon[MAX_TX_SQUARE]);
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+#if !CONFIG_PVQ
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+        if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+          aom_highbd_convolve_copy(dst, dst_stride, recon, MAX_TX_SIZE, NULL, 0,
+                                   NULL, 0, bsw, bsh, xd->bd);
+        } else {
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+          aom_convolve_copy(dst, dst_stride, recon, MAX_TX_SIZE, NULL, 0, NULL,
+                            0, bsw, bsh);
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+        }
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+#else
+        (void)dst;
+#endif  // !CONFIG_PVQ
+
+        const PLANE_TYPE plane_type = get_plane_type(plane);
+        TX_TYPE tx_type = get_tx_type(plane_type, xd, block, tx_size);
+
+        av1_inverse_transform_block(xd, dqcoeff, tx_type, tx_size, recon,
+                                    MAX_TX_SIZE, eob);
+
+#if CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+        if (plane == 0 && bsw >= 8 && bsh >= 8) {
+          *out_dist = av1_daala_dist(src, src_stride, recon, MAX_TX_SIZE, bsw,
+                                     bsh, qm, use_activity_masking, x->qindex);
+        } else {
+          if (plane == 0) {
+            // Save decoded pixels for inter block in pd->pred to avoid
+            // block_8x8_rd_txfm_daala_dist() need to produce them
+            // by calling av1_inverse_transform_block() again.
+            const int pred_stride = block_size_wide[plane_bsize];
+            const int pred_idx = (blk_row * pred_stride + blk_col)
+                                 << tx_size_wide_log2[0];
+            int16_t *pred = &pd->pred[pred_idx];
+            int i, j;
+
+            for (j = 0; j < bsh; j++)
+              for (i = 0; i < bsw; i++)
+                pred[j * pred_stride + i] = recon[j * MAX_TX_SIZE + i];
+          }
+#endif  // CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+          *out_dist =
+              pixel_sse(cpi, xd, plane, src, src_stride, recon, MAX_TX_SIZE,
+                        blk_row, blk_col, plane_bsize, tx_bsize);
+#if CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+        }
+#endif  // CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+      }
+      *out_dist *= 16;
+    } else {
+      *out_dist = *out_sse;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void block_rd_txfm(int plane, int block, int blk_row, int blk_col,
+                          BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize, TX_SIZE tx_size, void *arg) {
+  struct rdcost_block_args *args = arg;
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = args->x;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  const AV1_COMP *cpi = args->cpi;
+  ENTROPY_CONTEXT *a = args->t_above + blk_col;
+  ENTROPY_CONTEXT *l = args->t_left + blk_row;
+#if !CONFIG_TXK_SEL
+  const AV1_COMMON *cm = &cpi->common;
+#endif
+  int64_t rd1, rd2, rd;
+  RD_STATS this_rd_stats;
+
+  assert(tx_size == get_tx_size(plane, xd));
+
+  av1_init_rd_stats(&this_rd_stats);
+
+  if (args->exit_early) return;
+
+  if (!is_inter_block(mbmi)) {
+    av1_predict_intra_block_facade(xd, plane, block, blk_col, blk_row, tx_size);
+    av1_subtract_txb(x, plane, plane_bsize, blk_col, blk_row, tx_size);
+  }
+
+#if !CONFIG_TXK_SEL
+  // full forward transform and quantization
+  const int coeff_ctx = combine_entropy_contexts(*a, *l);
+  av1_xform_quant(cm, x, plane, block, blk_row, blk_col, plane_bsize, tx_size,
+                  coeff_ctx, AV1_XFORM_QUANT_FP);
+  if (x->plane[plane].eobs[block] && !xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id])
+    av1_optimize_b(cm, x, plane, block, tx_size, coeff_ctx);
+
+  if (!is_inter_block(mbmi)) {
+    struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[plane];
+    av1_inverse_transform_block_facade(xd, plane, block, blk_row, blk_col,
+                                       p->eobs[block]);
+    av1_dist_block(args->cpi, x, plane, plane_bsize, block, blk_row, blk_col,
+                   tx_size, &this_rd_stats.dist, &this_rd_stats.sse,
+                   OUTPUT_HAS_DECODED_PIXELS);
+  } else {
+    av1_dist_block(args->cpi, x, plane, plane_bsize, block, blk_row, blk_col,
+                   tx_size, &this_rd_stats.dist, &this_rd_stats.sse,
+                   OUTPUT_HAS_PREDICTED_PIXELS);
+  }
+#if CONFIG_CFL
+  if (plane == AOM_PLANE_Y && x->cfl_store_y) {
+    struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[plane];
+    const int dst_stride = pd->dst.stride;
+    uint8_t *dst =
+        &pd->dst.buf[(blk_row * dst_stride + blk_col) << tx_size_wide_log2[0]];
+    cfl_store(xd->cfl, dst, dst_stride, blk_row, blk_col, tx_size);
+  }
+#endif
+  rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, 0, this_rd_stats.dist);
+  if (args->this_rd + rd > args->best_rd) {
+    args->exit_early = 1;
+    return;
+  }
+#if !CONFIG_PVQ
+  const PLANE_TYPE plane_type = get_plane_type(plane);
+  const TX_TYPE tx_type = get_tx_type(plane_type, xd, block, tx_size);
+  const SCAN_ORDER *scan_order =
+      get_scan(cm, tx_size, tx_type, is_inter_block(mbmi));
+  this_rd_stats.rate =
+      av1_cost_coeffs(cpi, x, plane, block, tx_size, scan_order, a, l,
+                      args->use_fast_coef_costing);
+#else   // !CONFIG_PVQ
+  this_rd_stats.rate = x->rate;
+#endif  // !CONFIG_PVQ
+#else   // !CONFIG_TXK_SEL
+  av1_search_txk_type(cpi, x, plane, block, blk_row, blk_col, plane_bsize,
+                      tx_size, a, l, args->use_fast_coef_costing,
+                      &this_rd_stats);
+#endif  // !CONFIG_TXK_SEL
+
+#if !CONFIG_PVQ
+#if CONFIG_RD_DEBUG
+  av1_update_txb_coeff_cost(&this_rd_stats, plane, tx_size, blk_row, blk_col,
+                            this_rd_stats.rate);
+#endif  // CONFIG_RD_DEBUG
+  av1_set_txb_context(x, plane, block, tx_size, a, l);
+#endif  // !CONFIG_PVQ
+
+  rd1 = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, this_rd_stats.rate, this_rd_stats.dist);
+  rd2 = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, 0, this_rd_stats.sse);
+
+  // TODO(jingning): temporarily enabled only for luma component
+  rd = AOMMIN(rd1, rd2);
+
+#if CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+  if (plane == 0 &&
+      (tx_size == TX_4X4 || tx_size == TX_4X8 || tx_size == TX_8X4)) {
+    this_rd_stats.dist = 0;
+    this_rd_stats.sse = 0;
+    rd = 0;
+    x->rate_4x4[block] = this_rd_stats.rate;
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+
+#if !CONFIG_PVQ
+  this_rd_stats.skip &= !x->plane[plane].eobs[block];
+#else
+  this_rd_stats.skip &= x->pvq_skip[plane];
+#endif  // !CONFIG_PVQ
+  av1_merge_rd_stats(&args->rd_stats, &this_rd_stats);
+
+  args->this_rd += rd;
+
+  if (args->this_rd > args->best_rd) {
+    args->exit_early = 1;
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+static void block_8x8_rd_txfm_daala_dist(int plane, int block, int blk_row,
+                                         int blk_col, BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize,
+                                         TX_SIZE tx_size, void *arg) {
+  struct rdcost_block_args *args = arg;
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = args->x;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  int64_t rd, rd1, rd2;
+  RD_STATS this_rd_stats;
+  int qm = OD_HVS_QM;
+  int use_activity_masking = 0;
+
+  (void)tx_size;
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+  use_activity_masking = x->daala_enc.use_activity_masking;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+  av1_init_rd_stats(&this_rd_stats);
+
+  if (args->exit_early) return;
+
+  {
+    const struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[plane];
+    struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[plane];
+
+    const int src_stride = p->src.stride;
+    const int dst_stride = pd->dst.stride;
+    const int diff_stride = block_size_wide[plane_bsize];
+
+    const uint8_t *src =
+        &p->src.buf[(blk_row * src_stride + blk_col) << tx_size_wide_log2[0]];
+    const uint8_t *dst =
+        &pd->dst.buf[(blk_row * dst_stride + blk_col) << tx_size_wide_log2[0]];
+
+    unsigned int tmp1, tmp2;
+    int qindex = x->qindex;
+    const int pred_stride = block_size_wide[plane_bsize];
+    const int pred_idx = (blk_row * pred_stride + blk_col)
+                         << tx_size_wide_log2[0];
+    int16_t *pred = &pd->pred[pred_idx];
+    int i, j;
+    const int tx_blk_size = 8;
+
+    DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint8_t, pred8[8 * 8]);
+
+    for (j = 0; j < tx_blk_size; j++)
+      for (i = 0; i < tx_blk_size; i++)
+        pred8[j * tx_blk_size + i] = pred[j * diff_stride + i];
+
+    tmp1 = av1_daala_dist(src, src_stride, pred8, tx_blk_size, 8, 8, qm,
+                          use_activity_masking, qindex);
+    tmp2 = av1_daala_dist(src, src_stride, dst, dst_stride, 8, 8, qm,
+                          use_activity_masking, qindex);
+
+    if (!is_inter_block(mbmi)) {
+      this_rd_stats.sse = (int64_t)tmp1 * 16;
+      this_rd_stats.dist = (int64_t)tmp2 * 16;
+    } else {
+      // For inter mode, the decoded pixels are provided in pd->pred,
+      // while the predicted pixels are in dst.
+      this_rd_stats.sse = (int64_t)tmp2 * 16;
+      this_rd_stats.dist = (int64_t)tmp1 * 16;
+    }
+  }
+
+  rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, 0, this_rd_stats.dist);
+  if (args->this_rd + rd > args->best_rd) {
+    args->exit_early = 1;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  {
+    const int max_blocks_wide = max_block_wide(xd, plane_bsize, plane);
+    // The rate of the current 8x8 block is the sum of four 4x4 blocks in it.
+    this_rd_stats.rate = x->rate_4x4[block - max_blocks_wide - 1] +
+                         x->rate_4x4[block - max_blocks_wide] +
+                         x->rate_4x4[block - 1] + x->rate_4x4[block];
+  }
+  rd1 = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, this_rd_stats.rate, this_rd_stats.dist);
+  rd2 = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, 0, this_rd_stats.sse);
+  rd = AOMMIN(rd1, rd2);
+
+  args->rd_stats.dist += this_rd_stats.dist;
+  args->rd_stats.sse += this_rd_stats.sse;
+
+  args->this_rd += rd;
+
+  if (args->this_rd > args->best_rd) {
+    args->exit_early = 1;
+    return;
+  }
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+
+static void txfm_rd_in_plane(MACROBLOCK *x, const AV1_COMP *cpi,
+                             RD_STATS *rd_stats, int64_t ref_best_rd, int plane,
+                             BLOCK_SIZE bsize, TX_SIZE tx_size,
+                             int use_fast_coef_casting) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[plane];
+  struct rdcost_block_args args;
+  av1_zero(args);
+  args.x = x;
+  args.cpi = cpi;
+  args.best_rd = ref_best_rd;
+  args.use_fast_coef_costing = use_fast_coef_casting;
+  av1_init_rd_stats(&args.rd_stats);
+
+  if (plane == 0) xd->mi[0]->mbmi.tx_size = tx_size;
+
+  av1_get_entropy_contexts(bsize, tx_size, pd, args.t_above, args.t_left);
+
+#if CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+  if (plane == 0 &&
+      (tx_size == TX_4X4 || tx_size == TX_4X8 || tx_size == TX_8X4))
+    av1_foreach_8x8_transformed_block_in_plane(
+        xd, bsize, plane, block_rd_txfm, block_8x8_rd_txfm_daala_dist, &args);
+  else
+#endif  // CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+    av1_foreach_transformed_block_in_plane(xd, bsize, plane, block_rd_txfm,
+                                           &args);
+
+  if (args.exit_early) {
+    av1_invalid_rd_stats(rd_stats);
+  } else {
+    *rd_stats = args.rd_stats;
+  }
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+void av1_txfm_rd_in_plane_supertx(MACROBLOCK *x, const AV1_COMP *cpi, int *rate,
+                                  int64_t *distortion, int *skippable,
+                                  int64_t *sse, int64_t ref_best_rd, int plane,
+                                  BLOCK_SIZE bsize, TX_SIZE tx_size,
+                                  int use_fast_coef_casting) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[plane];
+  struct rdcost_block_args args;
+  av1_zero(args);
+  args.cpi = cpi;
+  args.x = x;
+  args.best_rd = ref_best_rd;
+  args.use_fast_coef_costing = use_fast_coef_casting;
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  assert(tx_size < TX_SIZES);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+
+  if (plane == 0) xd->mi[0]->mbmi.tx_size = tx_size;
+
+  av1_get_entropy_contexts(bsize, tx_size, pd, args.t_above, args.t_left);
+
+  block_rd_txfm(plane, 0, 0, 0, get_plane_block_size(bsize, pd), tx_size,
+                &args);
+
+  if (args.exit_early) {
+    *rate = INT_MAX;
+    *distortion = INT64_MAX;
+    *sse = INT64_MAX;
+    *skippable = 0;
+  } else {
+    *distortion = args.rd_stats.dist;
+    *rate = args.rd_stats.rate;
+    *sse = args.rd_stats.sse;
+    *skippable = !x->plane[plane].eobs[0];
+  }
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+
+static int tx_size_cost(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, const MACROBLOCK *const x,
+                        BLOCK_SIZE bsize, TX_SIZE tx_size) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  const MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+
+  const int tx_select =
+      cm->tx_mode == TX_MODE_SELECT && mbmi->sb_type >= BLOCK_8X8;
+
+  if (tx_select) {
+    const int is_inter = is_inter_block(mbmi);
+    const int tx_size_cat = is_inter ? inter_tx_size_cat_lookup[bsize]
+                                     : intra_tx_size_cat_lookup[bsize];
+    const TX_SIZE coded_tx_size = txsize_sqr_up_map[tx_size];
+    const int depth = tx_size_to_depth(coded_tx_size);
+    const int tx_size_ctx = get_tx_size_context(xd);
+    const int r_tx_size = cpi->tx_size_cost[tx_size_cat][tx_size_ctx][depth];
+    return r_tx_size;
+  } else {
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+// #TODO(angiebird): use this function whenever it's possible
+int av1_tx_type_cost(const AV1_COMP *cpi, const MACROBLOCKD *xd,
+                     BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int plane, TX_SIZE tx_size,
+                     TX_TYPE tx_type) {
+  if (plane > 0) return 0;
+
+  const MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  const int is_inter = is_inter_block(mbmi);
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  const AV1_COMMON *cm = &cpi->common;
+  if (get_ext_tx_types(tx_size, bsize, is_inter, cm->reduced_tx_set_used) > 1 &&
+      !xd->lossless[xd->mi[0]->mbmi.segment_id]) {
+    const int ext_tx_set =
+        get_ext_tx_set(tx_size, bsize, is_inter, cm->reduced_tx_set_used);
+    if (is_inter) {
+      if (ext_tx_set > 0)
+        return cpi
+            ->inter_tx_type_costs[ext_tx_set][txsize_sqr_map[tx_size]][tx_type];
+    } else {
+      if (ext_tx_set > 0 && ALLOW_INTRA_EXT_TX)
+        return cpi->intra_tx_type_costs[ext_tx_set][txsize_sqr_map[tx_size]]
+                                       [mbmi->mode][tx_type];
+    }
+  }
+#else
+  (void)bsize;
+  if (tx_size < TX_32X32 && !xd->lossless[xd->mi[0]->mbmi.segment_id] &&
+      !FIXED_TX_TYPE) {
+    if (is_inter) {
+      return cpi->inter_tx_type_costs[tx_size][tx_type];
+    } else {
+      return cpi->intra_tx_type_costs[tx_size]
+                                     [intra_mode_to_tx_type_context[mbmi->mode]]
+                                     [tx_type];
+    }
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  return 0;
+}
+static int64_t txfm_yrd(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                        RD_STATS *rd_stats, int64_t ref_best_rd, BLOCK_SIZE bs,
+                        TX_TYPE tx_type, int tx_size) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  int64_t rd = INT64_MAX;
+  aom_prob skip_prob = av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd);
+  int s0, s1;
+  const int is_inter = is_inter_block(mbmi);
+  const int tx_select =
+      cm->tx_mode == TX_MODE_SELECT && mbmi->sb_type >= BLOCK_8X8;
+
+  const int r_tx_size = tx_size_cost(cpi, x, bs, tx_size);
+
+  assert(skip_prob > 0);
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
+  assert(IMPLIES(is_rect_tx(tx_size), is_rect_tx_allowed_bsize(bs)));
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
+
+  s0 = av1_cost_bit(skip_prob, 0);
+  s1 = av1_cost_bit(skip_prob, 1);
+
+  mbmi->tx_type = tx_type;
+  mbmi->tx_size = tx_size;
+  txfm_rd_in_plane(x, cpi, rd_stats, ref_best_rd, 0, bs, tx_size,
+                   cpi->sf.use_fast_coef_costing);
+  if (rd_stats->rate == INT_MAX) return INT64_MAX;
+#if !CONFIG_TXK_SEL
+  int plane = 0;
+  rd_stats->rate += av1_tx_type_cost(cpi, xd, bs, plane, tx_size, tx_type);
+#endif
+
+  if (rd_stats->skip) {
+    if (is_inter) {
+      rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, s1, rd_stats->sse);
+    } else {
+      rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, s1 + r_tx_size * tx_select,
+                  rd_stats->sse);
+    }
+  } else {
+    rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                rd_stats->rate + s0 + r_tx_size * tx_select, rd_stats->dist);
+  }
+
+  if (tx_select) rd_stats->rate += r_tx_size;
+
+  if (is_inter && !xd->lossless[xd->mi[0]->mbmi.segment_id] &&
+      !(rd_stats->skip))
+    rd = AOMMIN(rd, RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, s1, rd_stats->sse));
+
+  return rd;
+}
+
+static int skip_txfm_search(const AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, BLOCK_SIZE bs,
+                            TX_TYPE tx_type, TX_SIZE tx_size) {
+  const MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  const TX_SIZE max_tx_size = max_txsize_lookup[bs];
+  const int is_inter = is_inter_block(mbmi);
+  int prune = 0;
+  if (is_inter && cpi->sf.tx_type_search.prune_mode > NO_PRUNE)
+    // passing -1 in for tx_type indicates that all 1D
+    // transforms should be considered for pruning
+    prune = prune_tx_types(cpi, bs, x, xd, -1);
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+  if (mbmi->ref_mv_idx > 0 && tx_type != DCT_DCT) return 1;
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+  if (FIXED_TX_TYPE && tx_type != get_default_tx_type(0, xd, 0, tx_size))
+    return 1;
+  if (!is_inter && x->use_default_intra_tx_type &&
+      tx_type != get_default_tx_type(0, xd, 0, tx_size))
+    return 1;
+  if (is_inter && x->use_default_inter_tx_type &&
+      tx_type != get_default_tx_type(0, xd, 0, tx_size))
+    return 1;
+  if (max_tx_size >= TX_32X32 && tx_size == TX_4X4) return 1;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  int ext_tx_set =
+      get_ext_tx_set(tx_size, bs, is_inter, cm->reduced_tx_set_used);
+  if (is_inter) {
+    if (!ext_tx_used_inter[ext_tx_set][tx_type]) return 1;
+    if (cpi->sf.tx_type_search.prune_mode > NO_PRUNE) {
+      if (!do_tx_type_search(tx_type, prune)) return 1;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (!ALLOW_INTRA_EXT_TX && bs >= BLOCK_8X8) {
+      if (tx_type != intra_mode_to_tx_type_context[mbmi->mode]) return 1;
+    }
+    if (!ext_tx_used_intra[ext_tx_set][tx_type]) return 1;
+  }
+#else   // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  if (tx_size >= TX_32X32 && tx_type != DCT_DCT) return 1;
+  if (is_inter && cpi->sf.tx_type_search.prune_mode > NO_PRUNE &&
+      !do_tx_type_search(tx_type, prune))
+    return 1;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+static int64_t estimate_yrd_for_sb(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, BLOCK_SIZE bs,
+                                   MACROBLOCK *x, int *r, int64_t *d, int *s,
+                                   int64_t *sse, int64_t ref_best_rd) {
+  RD_STATS rd_stats;
+  int64_t rd = txfm_yrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats, ref_best_rd, bs, DCT_DCT,
+                        max_txsize_lookup[bs]);
+  *r = rd_stats.rate;
+  *d = rd_stats.dist;
+  *s = rd_stats.skip;
+  *sse = rd_stats.sse;
+  return rd;
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+static void choose_largest_tx_size(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                   RD_STATS *rd_stats, int64_t ref_best_rd,
+                                   BLOCK_SIZE bs) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  TX_TYPE tx_type, best_tx_type = DCT_DCT;
+  int64_t this_rd, best_rd = INT64_MAX;
+  aom_prob skip_prob = av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd);
+  int s0 = av1_cost_bit(skip_prob, 0);
+  int s1 = av1_cost_bit(skip_prob, 1);
+  const int is_inter = is_inter_block(mbmi);
+  int prune = 0;
+  const int plane = 0;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  int ext_tx_set;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  av1_invalid_rd_stats(rd_stats);
+
+  mbmi->tx_size = tx_size_from_tx_mode(bs, cm->tx_mode, is_inter);
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+  mbmi->min_tx_size = get_min_tx_size(mbmi->tx_size);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  ext_tx_set =
+      get_ext_tx_set(mbmi->tx_size, bs, is_inter, cm->reduced_tx_set_used);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+
+  if (is_inter && cpi->sf.tx_type_search.prune_mode > NO_PRUNE)
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+    prune = prune_tx_types(cpi, bs, x, xd, ext_tx_set);
+#else
+    prune = prune_tx_types(cpi, bs, x, xd, 0);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  if (get_ext_tx_types(mbmi->tx_size, bs, is_inter, cm->reduced_tx_set_used) >
+          1 &&
+      !xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id]) {
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+    od_rollback_buffer pre_buf, post_buf;
+
+    od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &pre_buf);
+    od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &post_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+
+    for (tx_type = DCT_DCT; tx_type < TX_TYPES; ++tx_type) {
+      RD_STATS this_rd_stats;
+      if (is_inter) {
+        if (x->use_default_inter_tx_type &&
+            tx_type != get_default_tx_type(0, xd, 0, mbmi->tx_size))
+          continue;
+        if (!ext_tx_used_inter[ext_tx_set][tx_type]) continue;
+        if (cpi->sf.tx_type_search.prune_mode > NO_PRUNE) {
+          if (!do_tx_type_search(tx_type, prune)) continue;
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (x->use_default_intra_tx_type &&
+            tx_type != get_default_tx_type(0, xd, 0, mbmi->tx_size))
+          continue;
+        if (!ALLOW_INTRA_EXT_TX && bs >= BLOCK_8X8) {
+          if (tx_type != intra_mode_to_tx_type_context[mbmi->mode]) continue;
+        }
+        if (!ext_tx_used_intra[ext_tx_set][tx_type]) continue;
+      }
+
+      mbmi->tx_type = tx_type;
+
+      txfm_rd_in_plane(x, cpi, &this_rd_stats, ref_best_rd, 0, bs,
+                       mbmi->tx_size, cpi->sf.use_fast_coef_costing);
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+      od_encode_rollback(&x->daala_enc, &pre_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+      if (this_rd_stats.rate == INT_MAX) continue;
+      av1_tx_type_cost(cpi, xd, bs, plane, mbmi->tx_size, tx_type);
+
+      if (this_rd_stats.skip)
+        this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, s1, this_rd_stats.sse);
+      else
+        this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, this_rd_stats.rate + s0,
+                         this_rd_stats.dist);
+      if (is_inter_block(mbmi) && !xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id] &&
+          !this_rd_stats.skip)
+        this_rd =
+            AOMMIN(this_rd, RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, s1, this_rd_stats.sse));
+
+      if (this_rd < best_rd) {
+        best_rd = this_rd;
+        best_tx_type = mbmi->tx_type;
+        *rd_stats = this_rd_stats;
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+        od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &post_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+      }
+    }
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+    od_encode_rollback(&x->daala_enc, &post_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+  } else {
+    mbmi->tx_type = DCT_DCT;
+    txfm_rd_in_plane(x, cpi, rd_stats, ref_best_rd, 0, bs, mbmi->tx_size,
+                     cpi->sf.use_fast_coef_costing);
+  }
+#else   // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  if (mbmi->tx_size < TX_32X32 && !xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id]) {
+    for (tx_type = 0; tx_type < TX_TYPES; ++tx_type) {
+      RD_STATS this_rd_stats;
+      if (!is_inter && x->use_default_intra_tx_type &&
+          tx_type != get_default_tx_type(0, xd, 0, mbmi->tx_size))
+        continue;
+      if (is_inter && x->use_default_inter_tx_type &&
+          tx_type != get_default_tx_type(0, xd, 0, mbmi->tx_size))
+        continue;
+      mbmi->tx_type = tx_type;
+      txfm_rd_in_plane(x, cpi, &this_rd_stats, ref_best_rd, 0, bs,
+                       mbmi->tx_size, cpi->sf.use_fast_coef_costing);
+      if (this_rd_stats.rate == INT_MAX) continue;
+
+      av1_tx_type_cost(cpi, xd, bs, plane, mbmi->tx_size, tx_type);
+      if (is_inter) {
+        if (cpi->sf.tx_type_search.prune_mode > NO_PRUNE &&
+            !do_tx_type_search(tx_type, prune))
+          continue;
+      }
+      if (this_rd_stats.skip)
+        this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, s1, this_rd_stats.sse);
+      else
+        this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, this_rd_stats.rate + s0,
+                         this_rd_stats.dist);
+      if (is_inter && !xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id] && !this_rd_stats.skip)
+        this_rd =
+            AOMMIN(this_rd, RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, s1, this_rd_stats.sse));
+
+      if (this_rd < best_rd) {
+        best_rd = this_rd;
+        best_tx_type = mbmi->tx_type;
+        *rd_stats = this_rd_stats;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    mbmi->tx_type = DCT_DCT;
+    txfm_rd_in_plane(x, cpi, rd_stats, ref_best_rd, 0, bs, mbmi->tx_size,
+                     cpi->sf.use_fast_coef_costing);
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  mbmi->tx_type = best_tx_type;
+}
+
+static void choose_smallest_tx_size(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                    RD_STATS *rd_stats, int64_t ref_best_rd,
+                                    BLOCK_SIZE bs) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+
+  mbmi->tx_size = TX_4X4;
+  mbmi->tx_type = DCT_DCT;
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+  mbmi->min_tx_size = get_min_tx_size(TX_4X4);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+
+  txfm_rd_in_plane(x, cpi, rd_stats, ref_best_rd, 0, bs, mbmi->tx_size,
+                   cpi->sf.use_fast_coef_costing);
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_TXK_SEL || CONFIG_VAR_TX
+static INLINE int bsize_to_num_blk(BLOCK_SIZE bsize) {
+  int num_blk = 1 << (num_pels_log2_lookup[bsize] - 2 * tx_size_wide_log2[0]);
+  return num_blk;
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_TXK_SEL || CONFIG_VAR_TX
+
+static void choose_tx_size_type_from_rd(const AV1_COMP *const cpi,
+                                        MACROBLOCK *x, RD_STATS *rd_stats,
+                                        int64_t ref_best_rd, BLOCK_SIZE bs) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  int64_t rd = INT64_MAX;
+  int n;
+  int start_tx, end_tx;
+  int64_t best_rd = INT64_MAX, last_rd = INT64_MAX;
+  const TX_SIZE max_tx_size = max_txsize_lookup[bs];
+  TX_SIZE best_tx_size = max_tx_size;
+  TX_TYPE best_tx_type = DCT_DCT;
+#if CONFIG_TXK_SEL
+  TX_TYPE best_txk_type[MAX_SB_SQUARE / (TX_SIZE_W_MIN * TX_SIZE_H_MIN)];
+  const int num_blk = bsize_to_num_blk(bs);
+#endif  // CONFIG_TXK_SEL
+  const int tx_select = cm->tx_mode == TX_MODE_SELECT;
+  const int is_inter = is_inter_block(mbmi);
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+  od_rollback_buffer buf;
+  od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+
+  av1_invalid_rd_stats(rd_stats);
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
+  int evaluate_rect_tx = 0;
+  if (tx_select) {
+    evaluate_rect_tx = is_rect_tx_allowed(xd, mbmi);
+  } else {
+    const TX_SIZE chosen_tx_size =
+        tx_size_from_tx_mode(bs, cm->tx_mode, is_inter);
+    evaluate_rect_tx = is_rect_tx(chosen_tx_size);
+    assert(IMPLIES(evaluate_rect_tx, is_rect_tx_allowed(xd, mbmi)));
+  }
+  if (evaluate_rect_tx) {
+    TX_TYPE tx_start = DCT_DCT;
+    TX_TYPE tx_end = TX_TYPES;
+#if CONFIG_TXK_SEL
+    // The tx_type becomes dummy when lv_map is on. The tx_type search will be
+    // performed in av1_search_txk_type()
+    tx_end = DCT_DCT + 1;
+#endif
+    TX_TYPE tx_type;
+    for (tx_type = tx_start; tx_type < tx_end; ++tx_type) {
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+      if (mbmi->ref_mv_idx > 0 && tx_type != DCT_DCT) continue;
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+      const TX_SIZE rect_tx_size = max_txsize_rect_lookup[bs];
+      RD_STATS this_rd_stats;
+      int ext_tx_set =
+          get_ext_tx_set(rect_tx_size, bs, is_inter, cm->reduced_tx_set_used);
+      if ((is_inter && ext_tx_used_inter[ext_tx_set][tx_type]) ||
+          (!is_inter && ext_tx_used_intra[ext_tx_set][tx_type])) {
+        rd = txfm_yrd(cpi, x, &this_rd_stats, ref_best_rd, bs, tx_type,
+                      rect_tx_size);
+        if (rd < best_rd) {
+#if CONFIG_TXK_SEL
+          memcpy(best_txk_type, mbmi->txk_type,
+                 sizeof(best_txk_type[0]) * num_blk);
+#endif
+          best_tx_type = tx_type;
+          best_tx_size = rect_tx_size;
+          best_rd = rd;
+          *rd_stats = this_rd_stats;
+        }
+      }
+#if CONFIG_CB4X4 && !USE_TXTYPE_SEARCH_FOR_SUB8X8_IN_CB4X4
+      const int is_inter = is_inter_block(mbmi);
+      if (mbmi->sb_type < BLOCK_8X8 && is_inter) break;
+#endif  // CONFIG_CB4X4 && !USE_TXTYPE_SEARCH_FOR_SUB8X8_IN_CB4X4
+    }
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
+
+  if (tx_select) {
+    start_tx = max_tx_size;
+    end_tx = (max_tx_size >= TX_32X32) ? TX_8X8 : TX_4X4;
+  } else {
+    const TX_SIZE chosen_tx_size =
+        tx_size_from_tx_mode(bs, cm->tx_mode, is_inter);
+    start_tx = chosen_tx_size;
+    end_tx = chosen_tx_size;
+  }
+
+  last_rd = INT64_MAX;
+  for (n = start_tx; n >= end_tx; --n) {
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
+    if (is_rect_tx(n)) break;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
+    TX_TYPE tx_start = DCT_DCT;
+    TX_TYPE tx_end = TX_TYPES;
+#if CONFIG_TXK_SEL
+    // The tx_type becomes dummy when lv_map is on. The tx_type search will be
+    // performed in av1_search_txk_type()
+    tx_end = DCT_DCT + 1;
+#endif
+    TX_TYPE tx_type;
+    for (tx_type = tx_start; tx_type < tx_end; ++tx_type) {
+      RD_STATS this_rd_stats;
+      if (skip_txfm_search(cpi, x, bs, tx_type, n)) continue;
+      rd = txfm_yrd(cpi, x, &this_rd_stats, ref_best_rd, bs, tx_type, n);
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+      od_encode_rollback(&x->daala_enc, &buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+      // Early termination in transform size search.
+      if (cpi->sf.tx_size_search_breakout &&
+          (rd == INT64_MAX ||
+           (this_rd_stats.skip == 1 && tx_type != DCT_DCT && n < start_tx) ||
+           (n < (int)max_tx_size && rd > last_rd)))
+        break;
+
+      last_rd = rd;
+      if (rd < best_rd) {
+#if CONFIG_TXK_SEL
+        memcpy(best_txk_type, mbmi->txk_type,
+               sizeof(best_txk_type[0]) * num_blk);
+#endif
+        best_tx_type = tx_type;
+        best_tx_size = n;
+        best_rd = rd;
+        *rd_stats = this_rd_stats;
+      }
+#if CONFIG_CB4X4 && !USE_TXTYPE_SEARCH_FOR_SUB8X8_IN_CB4X4
+      const int is_inter = is_inter_block(mbmi);
+      if (mbmi->sb_type < BLOCK_8X8 && is_inter) break;
+#endif  // CONFIG_CB4X4 && !USE_TXTYPE_SEARCH_FOR_SUB8X8_IN_CB4X4
+    }
+  }
+  mbmi->tx_size = best_tx_size;
+  mbmi->tx_type = best_tx_type;
+#if CONFIG_TXK_SEL
+  memcpy(mbmi->txk_type, best_txk_type, sizeof(best_txk_type[0]) * num_blk);
+#endif
+
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+  mbmi->min_tx_size = get_min_tx_size(mbmi->tx_size);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+
+#if !CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  if (mbmi->tx_size >= TX_32X32) assert(mbmi->tx_type == DCT_DCT);
+#endif  // !CONFIG_EXT_TX
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+  if (best_rd != INT64_MAX) {
+    txfm_yrd(cpi, x, rd_stats, ref_best_rd, bs, best_tx_type, best_tx_size);
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+}
+
+static void super_block_yrd(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                            RD_STATS *rd_stats, BLOCK_SIZE bs,
+                            int64_t ref_best_rd) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  av1_init_rd_stats(rd_stats);
+
+  assert(bs == xd->mi[0]->mbmi.sb_type);
+
+  if (xd->lossless[xd->mi[0]->mbmi.segment_id]) {
+    choose_smallest_tx_size(cpi, x, rd_stats, ref_best_rd, bs);
+  } else if (cpi->sf.tx_size_search_method == USE_LARGESTALL) {
+    choose_largest_tx_size(cpi, x, rd_stats, ref_best_rd, bs);
+  } else {
+    choose_tx_size_type_from_rd(cpi, x, rd_stats, ref_best_rd, bs);
+  }
+}
+
+static int conditional_skipintra(PREDICTION_MODE mode,
+                                 PREDICTION_MODE best_intra_mode) {
+  if (mode == D117_PRED && best_intra_mode != V_PRED &&
+      best_intra_mode != D135_PRED)
+    return 1;
+  if (mode == D63_PRED && best_intra_mode != V_PRED &&
+      best_intra_mode != D45_PRED)
+    return 1;
+  if (mode == D207_PRED && best_intra_mode != H_PRED &&
+      best_intra_mode != D45_PRED)
+    return 1;
+  if (mode == D153_PRED && best_intra_mode != H_PRED &&
+      best_intra_mode != D135_PRED)
+    return 1;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Model based RD estimation for luma intra blocks.
+static int64_t intra_model_yrd(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *const x,
+                               BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int mode_cost) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  RD_STATS this_rd_stats;
+  int row, col;
+  int64_t temp_sse, this_rd;
+  const TX_SIZE tx_size = tx_size_from_tx_mode(bsize, cpi->common.tx_mode, 0);
+  const int stepr = tx_size_high_unit[tx_size];
+  const int stepc = tx_size_wide_unit[tx_size];
+  const int max_blocks_wide = max_block_wide(xd, bsize, 0);
+  const int max_blocks_high = max_block_high(xd, bsize, 0);
+  mbmi->tx_size = tx_size;
+  // Prediction.
+  const int step = stepr * stepc;
+  int block = 0;
+  for (row = 0; row < max_blocks_high; row += stepr) {
+    for (col = 0; col < max_blocks_wide; col += stepc) {
+      av1_predict_intra_block_facade(xd, 0, block, col, row, tx_size);
+      block += step;
+    }
+  }
+  // RD estimation.
+  model_rd_for_sb(cpi, bsize, x, xd, 0, 0, &this_rd_stats.rate,
+                  &this_rd_stats.dist, &this_rd_stats.skip, &temp_sse);
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+  if (av1_is_directional_mode(mbmi->mode, bsize)) {
+    mode_cost += write_uniform_cost(2 * MAX_ANGLE_DELTA + 1,
+                                    MAX_ANGLE_DELTA + mbmi->angle_delta[0]);
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+  if (mbmi->mode == DC_PRED) {
+    const aom_prob prob = cpi->common.fc->filter_intra_probs[0];
+    if (mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[0]) {
+      const int mode = mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.filter_intra_mode[0];
+      mode_cost += (av1_cost_bit(prob, 1) +
+                    write_uniform_cost(FILTER_INTRA_MODES, mode));
+    } else {
+      mode_cost += av1_cost_bit(prob, 0);
+    }
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+  this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, this_rd_stats.rate + mode_cost,
+                   this_rd_stats.dist);
+  return this_rd;
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+// Extends 'color_map' array from 'orig_width x orig_height' to 'new_width x
+// new_height'. Extra rows and columns are filled in by copying last valid
+// row/column.
+static void extend_palette_color_map(uint8_t *const color_map, int orig_width,
+                                     int orig_height, int new_width,
+                                     int new_height) {
+  int j;
+  assert(new_width >= orig_width);
+  assert(new_height >= orig_height);
+  if (new_width == orig_width && new_height == orig_height) return;
+
+  for (j = orig_height - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
+    memmove(color_map + j * new_width, color_map + j * orig_width, orig_width);
+    // Copy last column to extra columns.
+    memset(color_map + j * new_width + orig_width,
+           color_map[j * new_width + orig_width - 1], new_width - orig_width);
+  }
+  // Copy last row to extra rows.
+  for (j = orig_height; j < new_height; ++j) {
+    memcpy(color_map + j * new_width, color_map + (orig_height - 1) * new_width,
+           new_width);
+  }
+}
+
+static int rd_pick_palette_intra_sby(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                     BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int palette_ctx,
+                                     int dc_mode_cost, MB_MODE_INFO *best_mbmi,
+                                     uint8_t *best_palette_color_map,
+                                     int64_t *best_rd, int64_t *best_model_rd,
+                                     int *rate, int *rate_tokenonly,
+                                     int64_t *distortion, int *skippable) {
+  int rate_overhead = 0;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MODE_INFO *const mic = xd->mi[0];
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &mic->mbmi;
+  int this_rate, colors, n;
+  const int src_stride = x->plane[0].src.stride;
+  const uint8_t *const src = x->plane[0].src.buf;
+  uint8_t *const color_map = xd->plane[0].color_index_map;
+  int block_width, block_height, rows, cols;
+  av1_get_block_dimensions(bsize, 0, xd, &block_width, &block_height, &rows,
+                           &cols);
+
+  assert(cpi->common.allow_screen_content_tools);
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (cpi->common.use_highbitdepth)
+    colors = av1_count_colors_highbd(src, src_stride, rows, cols,
+                                     cpi->common.bit_depth);
+  else
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    colors = av1_count_colors(src, src_stride, rows, cols);
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+  mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[0] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+
+  if (colors > 1 && colors <= 64) {
+    int r, c, i, j, k, palette_mode_cost;
+    const int max_itr = 50;
+    uint8_t color_order[PALETTE_MAX_SIZE];
+    float *const data = x->palette_buffer->kmeans_data_buf;
+    float centroids[PALETTE_MAX_SIZE];
+    float lb, ub, val;
+    RD_STATS tokenonly_rd_stats;
+    int64_t this_rd, this_model_rd;
+    PALETTE_MODE_INFO *const pmi = &mbmi->palette_mode_info;
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    uint16_t *src16 = CONVERT_TO_SHORTPTR(src);
+    if (cpi->common.use_highbitdepth)
+      lb = ub = src16[0];
+    else
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      lb = ub = src[0];
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    if (cpi->common.use_highbitdepth) {
+      for (r = 0; r < rows; ++r) {
+        for (c = 0; c < cols; ++c) {
+          val = src16[r * src_stride + c];
+          data[r * cols + c] = val;
+          if (val < lb)
+            lb = val;
+          else if (val > ub)
+            ub = val;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      for (r = 0; r < rows; ++r) {
+        for (c = 0; c < cols; ++c) {
+          val = src[r * src_stride + c];
+          data[r * cols + c] = val;
+          if (val < lb)
+            lb = val;
+          else if (val > ub)
+            ub = val;
+        }
+      }
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+    mbmi->mode = DC_PRED;
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+    mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[0] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+
+    if (rows * cols > PALETTE_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE) return 0;
+
+    for (n = colors > PALETTE_MAX_SIZE ? PALETTE_MAX_SIZE : colors; n >= 2;
+         --n) {
+      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+        centroids[i] = lb + (2 * i + 1) * (ub - lb) / n / 2;
+      av1_k_means(data, centroids, color_map, rows * cols, n, 1, max_itr);
+      k = av1_remove_duplicates(centroids, n);
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      if (cpi->common.use_highbitdepth)
+        for (i = 0; i < k; ++i)
+          pmi->palette_colors[i] =
+              clip_pixel_highbd((int)centroids[i], cpi->common.bit_depth);
+      else
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+        for (i = 0; i < k; ++i)
+          pmi->palette_colors[i] = clip_pixel((int)centroids[i]);
+      pmi->palette_size[0] = k;
+
+      av1_calc_indices(data, centroids, color_map, rows * cols, k, 1);
+      extend_palette_color_map(color_map, cols, rows, block_width,
+                               block_height);
+      palette_mode_cost =
+          dc_mode_cost +
+          cpi->palette_y_size_cost[bsize - BLOCK_8X8][k - PALETTE_MIN_SIZE] +
+          write_uniform_cost(k, color_map[0]) +
+          av1_cost_bit(
+              av1_default_palette_y_mode_prob[bsize - BLOCK_8X8][palette_ctx],
+              1);
+      palette_mode_cost += av1_palette_color_cost_y(pmi, cpi->common.bit_depth);
+      for (i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {
+        for (j = (i == 0 ? 1 : 0); j < cols; ++j) {
+          int color_idx;
+          const int color_ctx = av1_get_palette_color_index_context(
+              color_map, block_width, i, j, k, color_order, &color_idx);
+          assert(color_idx >= 0 && color_idx < k);
+          palette_mode_cost += cpi->palette_y_color_cost[k - PALETTE_MIN_SIZE]
+                                                        [color_ctx][color_idx];
+        }
+      }
+      this_model_rd = intra_model_yrd(cpi, x, bsize, palette_mode_cost);
+      if (*best_model_rd != INT64_MAX &&
+          this_model_rd > *best_model_rd + (*best_model_rd >> 1))
+        continue;
+      if (this_model_rd < *best_model_rd) *best_model_rd = this_model_rd;
+      super_block_yrd(cpi, x, &tokenonly_rd_stats, bsize, *best_rd);
+      if (tokenonly_rd_stats.rate == INT_MAX) continue;
+      this_rate = tokenonly_rd_stats.rate + palette_mode_cost;
+      this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, this_rate, tokenonly_rd_stats.dist);
+      if (!xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id] && mbmi->sb_type >= BLOCK_8X8) {
+        tokenonly_rd_stats.rate -= tx_size_cost(cpi, x, bsize, mbmi->tx_size);
+      }
+      if (this_rd < *best_rd) {
+        *best_rd = this_rd;
+        memcpy(best_palette_color_map, color_map,
+               block_width * block_height * sizeof(color_map[0]));
+        *best_mbmi = *mbmi;
+        rate_overhead = this_rate - tokenonly_rd_stats.rate;
+        if (rate) *rate = this_rate;
+        if (rate_tokenonly) *rate_tokenonly = tokenonly_rd_stats.rate;
+        if (distortion) *distortion = tokenonly_rd_stats.dist;
+        if (skippable) *skippable = tokenonly_rd_stats.skip;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (best_mbmi->palette_mode_info.palette_size[0] > 0) {
+    memcpy(color_map, best_palette_color_map,
+           rows * cols * sizeof(best_palette_color_map[0]));
+  }
+  *mbmi = *best_mbmi;
+  return rate_overhead;
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+static int64_t rd_pick_intra_sub_8x8_y_subblock_mode(
+    const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, int row, int col,
+    PREDICTION_MODE *best_mode, const int *bmode_costs, ENTROPY_CONTEXT *a,
+    ENTROPY_CONTEXT *l, int *bestrate, int *bestratey, int64_t *bestdistortion,
+    BLOCK_SIZE bsize, TX_SIZE tx_size, int *y_skip, int64_t rd_thresh) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  PREDICTION_MODE mode;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  int64_t best_rd = rd_thresh;
+  struct macroblock_plane *p = &x->plane[0];
+  struct macroblockd_plane *pd = &xd->plane[0];
+  const int src_stride = p->src.stride;
+  const int dst_stride = pd->dst.stride;
+  const uint8_t *src_init = &p->src.buf[row * 4 * src_stride + col * 4];
+  uint8_t *dst_init = &pd->dst.buf[row * 4 * dst_stride + col * 4];
+#if CONFIG_CB4X4
+  // TODO(jingning): This is a temporal change. The whole function should be
+  // out when cb4x4 is enabled.
+  ENTROPY_CONTEXT ta[4], tempa[4];
+  ENTROPY_CONTEXT tl[4], templ[4];
+#else
+  ENTROPY_CONTEXT ta[2], tempa[2];
+  ENTROPY_CONTEXT tl[2], templ[2];
+#endif  // CONFIG_CB4X4
+
+  const int pred_width_in_4x4_blocks = num_4x4_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+  const int pred_height_in_4x4_blocks = num_4x4_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+  const int tx_width_unit = tx_size_wide_unit[tx_size];
+  const int tx_height_unit = tx_size_high_unit[tx_size];
+  const int pred_block_width = block_size_wide[bsize];
+  const int pred_block_height = block_size_high[bsize];
+  const int tx_width = tx_size_wide[tx_size];
+  const int tx_height = tx_size_high[tx_size];
+  const int pred_width_in_transform_blocks = pred_block_width / tx_width;
+  const int pred_height_in_transform_blocks = pred_block_height / tx_height;
+  int idx, idy;
+  int best_can_skip = 0;
+  uint8_t best_dst[8 * 8];
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  uint16_t best_dst16[8 * 8];
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  const int is_lossless = xd->lossless[xd->mi[0]->mbmi.segment_id];
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
+  const int sub_bsize = bsize;
+#else
+  const int sub_bsize = BLOCK_4X4;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
+
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+  od_rollback_buffer pre_buf, post_buf;
+  od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &pre_buf);
+  od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &post_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+
+  assert(bsize < BLOCK_8X8);
+  assert(tx_width < 8 || tx_height < 8);
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
+  if (is_lossless)
+    assert(tx_width == 4 && tx_height == 4);
+  else
+    assert(tx_width == pred_block_width && tx_height == pred_block_height);
+#else
+  assert(tx_width == 4 && tx_height == 4);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
+
+  memcpy(ta, a, pred_width_in_transform_blocks * sizeof(a[0]));
+  memcpy(tl, l, pred_height_in_transform_blocks * sizeof(l[0]));
+
+  xd->mi[0]->mbmi.tx_size = tx_size;
+
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  xd->mi[0]->mbmi.palette_mode_info.palette_size[0] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+    od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &pre_buf);
+#endif
+    for (mode = DC_PRED; mode <= TM_PRED; ++mode) {
+      int64_t this_rd;
+      int ratey = 0;
+      int64_t distortion = 0;
+      int rate = bmode_costs[mode];
+      int can_skip = 1;
+
+      if (!(cpi->sf.intra_y_mode_mask[txsize_sqr_up_map[tx_size]] &
+            (1 << mode)))
+        continue;
+
+      // Only do the oblique modes if the best so far is
+      // one of the neighboring directional modes
+      if (cpi->sf.mode_search_skip_flags & FLAG_SKIP_INTRA_DIRMISMATCH) {
+        if (conditional_skipintra(mode, *best_mode)) continue;
+      }
+
+      memcpy(tempa, ta, pred_width_in_transform_blocks * sizeof(ta[0]));
+      memcpy(templ, tl, pred_height_in_transform_blocks * sizeof(tl[0]));
+
+      for (idy = 0; idy < pred_height_in_transform_blocks; ++idy) {
+        for (idx = 0; idx < pred_width_in_transform_blocks; ++idx) {
+          const int block_raster_idx = (row + idy) * 2 + (col + idx);
+          const int block =
+              av1_raster_order_to_block_index(tx_size, block_raster_idx);
+          const uint8_t *const src = &src_init[idx * 4 + idy * 4 * src_stride];
+          uint8_t *const dst = &dst_init[idx * 4 + idy * 4 * dst_stride];
+#if !CONFIG_PVQ
+          int16_t *const src_diff = av1_raster_block_offset_int16(
+              BLOCK_8X8, block_raster_idx, p->src_diff);
+#endif
+          int skip;
+          assert(block < 4);
+          assert(IMPLIES(tx_size == TX_4X8 || tx_size == TX_8X4,
+                         idx == 0 && idy == 0));
+          assert(IMPLIES(tx_size == TX_4X8 || tx_size == TX_8X4,
+                         block == 0 || block == 2));
+          xd->mi[0]->bmi[block_raster_idx].as_mode = mode;
+          av1_predict_intra_block(
+              xd, pd->width, pd->height, txsize_to_bsize[tx_size], mode, dst,
+              dst_stride, dst, dst_stride, col + idx, row + idy, 0);
+#if !CONFIG_PVQ
+          aom_highbd_subtract_block(tx_height, tx_width, src_diff, 8, src,
+                                    src_stride, dst, dst_stride, xd->bd);
+#endif
+          if (is_lossless) {
+            TX_TYPE tx_type = get_tx_type(PLANE_TYPE_Y, xd, block, tx_size);
+            const SCAN_ORDER *scan_order = get_scan(cm, tx_size, tx_type, 0);
+            const int coeff_ctx =
+                combine_entropy_contexts(tempa[idx], templ[idy]);
+#if !CONFIG_PVQ
+            av1_xform_quant(cm, x, 0, block, row + idy, col + idx, BLOCK_8X8,
+                            tx_size, coeff_ctx, AV1_XFORM_QUANT_FP);
+            ratey += av1_cost_coeffs(cpi, x, 0, block, tx_size, scan_order,
+                                     tempa + idx, templ + idy,
+                                     cpi->sf.use_fast_coef_costing);
+            skip = (p->eobs[block] == 0);
+            can_skip &= skip;
+            tempa[idx] = !skip;
+            templ[idy] = !skip;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+            if (tx_size == TX_8X4) {
+              tempa[idx + 1] = tempa[idx];
+            } else if (tx_size == TX_4X8) {
+              templ[idy + 1] = templ[idy];
+            }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+#else
+            (void)scan_order;
+
+            av1_xform_quant(cm, x, 0, block, row + idy, col + idx, BLOCK_8X8,
+                            tx_size, coeff_ctx, AV1_XFORM_QUANT_B);
+
+            ratey += x->rate;
+            skip = x->pvq_skip[0];
+            tempa[idx] = !skip;
+            templ[idy] = !skip;
+            can_skip &= skip;
+#endif
+            if (RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, ratey, distortion) >= best_rd)
+              goto next_highbd;
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+            if (!skip)
+#endif
+              av1_inverse_transform_block(xd, BLOCK_OFFSET(pd->dqcoeff, block),
+                                          DCT_DCT, tx_size, dst, dst_stride,
+                                          p->eobs[block]);
+          } else {
+            int64_t dist;
+            unsigned int tmp;
+            TX_TYPE tx_type = get_tx_type(PLANE_TYPE_Y, xd, block, tx_size);
+            const SCAN_ORDER *scan_order = get_scan(cm, tx_size, tx_type, 0);
+            const int coeff_ctx =
+                combine_entropy_contexts(tempa[idx], templ[idy]);
+#if !CONFIG_PVQ
+            av1_xform_quant(cm, x, 0, block, row + idy, col + idx, BLOCK_8X8,
+                            tx_size, coeff_ctx, AV1_XFORM_QUANT_FP);
+            av1_optimize_b(cm, x, 0, block, tx_size, coeff_ctx);
+            ratey += av1_cost_coeffs(cpi, x, 0, block, tx_size, scan_order,
+                                     tempa + idx, templ + idy,
+                                     cpi->sf.use_fast_coef_costing);
+            skip = (p->eobs[block] == 0);
+            can_skip &= skip;
+            tempa[idx] = !skip;
+            templ[idy] = !skip;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+            if (tx_size == TX_8X4) {
+              tempa[idx + 1] = tempa[idx];
+            } else if (tx_size == TX_4X8) {
+              templ[idy + 1] = templ[idy];
+            }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+#else
+            (void)scan_order;
+
+            av1_xform_quant(cm, x, 0, block, row + idy, col + idx, BLOCK_8X8,
+                            tx_size, coeff_ctx, AV1_XFORM_QUANT_FP);
+            ratey += x->rate;
+            skip = x->pvq_skip[0];
+            tempa[idx] = !skip;
+            templ[idy] = !skip;
+            can_skip &= skip;
+#endif
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+            if (!skip)
+#endif
+              av1_inverse_transform_block(xd, BLOCK_OFFSET(pd->dqcoeff, block),
+                                          tx_type, tx_size, dst, dst_stride,
+                                          p->eobs[block]);
+            cpi->fn_ptr[sub_bsize].vf(src, src_stride, dst, dst_stride, &tmp);
+            dist = (int64_t)tmp << 4;
+            distortion += dist;
+            if (RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, ratey, distortion) >= best_rd)
+              goto next_highbd;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      rate += ratey;
+      this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate, distortion);
+
+      if (this_rd < best_rd) {
+        *bestrate = rate;
+        *bestratey = ratey;
+        *bestdistortion = distortion;
+        best_rd = this_rd;
+        best_can_skip = can_skip;
+        *best_mode = mode;
+        memcpy(a, tempa, pred_width_in_transform_blocks * sizeof(tempa[0]));
+        memcpy(l, templ, pred_height_in_transform_blocks * sizeof(templ[0]));
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+        od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &post_buf);
+#endif
+        for (idy = 0; idy < pred_height_in_transform_blocks * 4; ++idy) {
+          memcpy(best_dst16 + idy * 8,
+                 CONVERT_TO_SHORTPTR(dst_init + idy * dst_stride),
+                 pred_width_in_transform_blocks * 4 * sizeof(uint16_t));
+        }
+      }
+    next_highbd : {}
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+      od_encode_rollback(&x->daala_enc, &pre_buf);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    if (best_rd >= rd_thresh) return best_rd;
+
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+    od_encode_rollback(&x->daala_enc, &post_buf);
+#endif
+
+    if (y_skip) *y_skip &= best_can_skip;
+
+    for (idy = 0; idy < pred_height_in_transform_blocks * 4; ++idy) {
+      memcpy(CONVERT_TO_SHORTPTR(dst_init + idy * dst_stride),
+             best_dst16 + idy * 8,
+             pred_width_in_transform_blocks * 4 * sizeof(uint16_t));
+    }
+
+    return best_rd;
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+  od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &pre_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+
+  for (mode = DC_PRED; mode <= TM_PRED; ++mode) {
+    int64_t this_rd;
+    int ratey = 0;
+    int64_t distortion = 0;
+    int rate = bmode_costs[mode];
+    int can_skip = 1;
+
+    if (!(cpi->sf.intra_y_mode_mask[txsize_sqr_up_map[tx_size]] &
+          (1 << mode))) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Only do the oblique modes if the best so far is
+    // one of the neighboring directional modes
+    if (cpi->sf.mode_search_skip_flags & FLAG_SKIP_INTRA_DIRMISMATCH) {
+      if (conditional_skipintra(mode, *best_mode)) continue;
+    }
+
+    memcpy(tempa, ta, pred_width_in_transform_blocks * sizeof(ta[0]));
+    memcpy(templ, tl, pred_height_in_transform_blocks * sizeof(tl[0]));
+
+    for (idy = 0; idy < pred_height_in_4x4_blocks; idy += tx_height_unit) {
+      for (idx = 0; idx < pred_width_in_4x4_blocks; idx += tx_width_unit) {
+        const int block_raster_idx = (row + idy) * 2 + (col + idx);
+        int block = av1_raster_order_to_block_index(tx_size, block_raster_idx);
+        const uint8_t *const src = &src_init[idx * 4 + idy * 4 * src_stride];
+        uint8_t *const dst = &dst_init[idx * 4 + idy * 4 * dst_stride];
+#if !CONFIG_PVQ
+        int16_t *const src_diff = av1_raster_block_offset_int16(
+            BLOCK_8X8, block_raster_idx, p->src_diff);
+#endif  // !CONFIG_PVQ
+        int skip;
+        assert(block < 4);
+        assert(IMPLIES(tx_size == TX_4X8 || tx_size == TX_8X4,
+                       idx == 0 && idy == 0));
+        assert(IMPLIES(tx_size == TX_4X8 || tx_size == TX_8X4,
+                       block == 0 || block == 2));
+        xd->mi[0]->bmi[block_raster_idx].as_mode = mode;
+        av1_predict_intra_block(xd, pd->width, pd->height,
+                                txsize_to_bsize[tx_size], mode, dst, dst_stride,
+                                dst, dst_stride,
+#if CONFIG_CB4X4
+                                2 * (col + idx), 2 * (row + idy),
+#else
+                                col + idx, row + idy,
+#endif  // CONFIG_CB4X4
+                                0);
+#if !CONFIG_PVQ
+        aom_subtract_block(tx_height, tx_width, src_diff, 8, src, src_stride,
+                           dst, dst_stride);
+#endif  // !CONFIG_PVQ
+
+        TX_TYPE tx_type = get_tx_type(PLANE_TYPE_Y, xd, block, tx_size);
+        const SCAN_ORDER *scan_order = get_scan(cm, tx_size, tx_type, 0);
+        const int coeff_ctx = combine_entropy_contexts(tempa[idx], templ[idy]);
+#if CONFIG_CB4X4
+        block = 4 * block;
+#endif  // CONFIG_CB4X4
+#if !CONFIG_PVQ
+        const AV1_XFORM_QUANT xform_quant =
+            is_lossless ? AV1_XFORM_QUANT_B : AV1_XFORM_QUANT_FP;
+        av1_xform_quant(cm, x, 0, block,
+#if CONFIG_CB4X4
+                        2 * (row + idy), 2 * (col + idx),
+#else
+                        row + idy, col + idx,
+#endif  // CONFIG_CB4X4
+                        BLOCK_8X8, tx_size, coeff_ctx, xform_quant);
+
+        if (!is_lossless) {
+          av1_optimize_b(cm, x, 0, block, tx_size, coeff_ctx);
+        }
+
+        ratey +=
+            av1_cost_coeffs(cpi, x, 0, block, tx_size, scan_order, tempa + idx,
+                            templ + idy, cpi->sf.use_fast_coef_costing);
+        skip = (p->eobs[block] == 0);
+        can_skip &= skip;
+        tempa[idx] = !skip;
+        templ[idy] = !skip;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+        if (tx_size == TX_8X4) {
+          tempa[idx + 1] = tempa[idx];
+        } else if (tx_size == TX_4X8) {
+          templ[idy + 1] = templ[idy];
+        }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+#else
+        (void)scan_order;
+
+        av1_xform_quant(cm, x, 0, block,
+#if CONFIG_CB4X4
+                        2 * (row + idy), 2 * (col + idx),
+#else
+                        row + idy, col + idx,
+#endif  // CONFIG_CB4X4
+                        BLOCK_8X8, tx_size, coeff_ctx, AV1_XFORM_QUANT_FP);
+
+        ratey += x->rate;
+        skip = x->pvq_skip[0];
+        tempa[idx] = !skip;
+        templ[idy] = !skip;
+        can_skip &= skip;
+#endif  // !CONFIG_PVQ
+
+        if (!is_lossless) {  // To use the pixel domain distortion, we need to
+                             // calculate inverse txfm *before* calculating RD
+                             // cost. Compared to calculating the distortion in
+                             // the frequency domain, the overhead of encoding
+                             // effort is low.
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+          if (!skip)
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+            av1_inverse_transform_block(xd, BLOCK_OFFSET(pd->dqcoeff, block),
+                                        tx_type, tx_size, dst, dst_stride,
+                                        p->eobs[block]);
+          unsigned int tmp;
+          cpi->fn_ptr[sub_bsize].vf(src, src_stride, dst, dst_stride, &tmp);
+          const int64_t dist = (int64_t)tmp << 4;
+          distortion += dist;
+        }
+
+        if (RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, ratey, distortion) >= best_rd)
+          goto next;
+
+        if (is_lossless) {  // Calculate inverse txfm *after* RD cost.
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+          if (!skip)
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+            av1_inverse_transform_block(xd, BLOCK_OFFSET(pd->dqcoeff, block),
+                                        DCT_DCT, tx_size, dst, dst_stride,
+                                        p->eobs[block]);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    rate += ratey;
+    this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate, distortion);
+
+    if (this_rd < best_rd) {
+      *bestrate = rate;
+      *bestratey = ratey;
+      *bestdistortion = distortion;
+      best_rd = this_rd;
+      best_can_skip = can_skip;
+      *best_mode = mode;
+      memcpy(a, tempa, pred_width_in_transform_blocks * sizeof(tempa[0]));
+      memcpy(l, templ, pred_height_in_transform_blocks * sizeof(templ[0]));
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+      od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &post_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+      for (idy = 0; idy < pred_height_in_transform_blocks * 4; ++idy)
+        memcpy(best_dst + idy * 8, dst_init + idy * dst_stride,
+               pred_width_in_transform_blocks * 4);
+    }
+  next : {}
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+    od_encode_rollback(&x->daala_enc, &pre_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+  }     // mode decision loop
+
+  if (best_rd >= rd_thresh) return best_rd;
+
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+  od_encode_rollback(&x->daala_enc, &post_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+
+  if (y_skip) *y_skip &= best_can_skip;
+
+  for (idy = 0; idy < pred_height_in_transform_blocks * 4; ++idy)
+    memcpy(dst_init + idy * dst_stride, best_dst + idy * 8,
+           pred_width_in_transform_blocks * 4);
+
+  return best_rd;
+}
+
+static int64_t rd_pick_intra_sub_8x8_y_mode(const AV1_COMP *const cpi,
+                                            MACROBLOCK *mb, int *rate,
+                                            int *rate_y, int64_t *distortion,
+                                            int *y_skip, int64_t best_rd) {
+  const MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &mb->e_mbd;
+  MODE_INFO *const mic = xd->mi[0];
+  const MODE_INFO *above_mi = xd->above_mi;
+  const MODE_INFO *left_mi = xd->left_mi;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &mic->mbmi;
+  const BLOCK_SIZE bsize = mbmi->sb_type;
+  const int pred_width_in_4x4_blocks = num_4x4_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+  const int pred_height_in_4x4_blocks = num_4x4_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+  int idx, idy;
+  int cost = 0;
+  int64_t total_distortion = 0;
+  int tot_rate_y = 0;
+  int64_t total_rd = 0;
+  const int *bmode_costs = cpi->mbmode_cost[0];
+  const int is_lossless = xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id];
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
+  const TX_SIZE tx_size = is_lossless ? TX_4X4 : max_txsize_rect_lookup[bsize];
+#else
+  const TX_SIZE tx_size = TX_4X4;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+  mbmi->intra_filter = INTRA_FILTER_LINEAR;
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+  mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[0] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+
+  // TODO(any): Add search of the tx_type to improve rd performance at the
+  // expense of speed.
+  mbmi->tx_type = DCT_DCT;
+  mbmi->tx_size = tx_size;
+
+  if (y_skip) *y_skip = 1;
+
+  // Pick modes for each prediction sub-block (of size 4x4, 4x8, or 8x4) in this
+  // 8x8 coding block.
+  for (idy = 0; idy < 2; idy += pred_height_in_4x4_blocks) {
+    for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx += pred_width_in_4x4_blocks) {
+      PREDICTION_MODE best_mode = DC_PRED;
+      int r = INT_MAX, ry = INT_MAX;
+      int64_t d = INT64_MAX, this_rd = INT64_MAX;
+      int j;
+      const int pred_block_idx = idy * 2 + idx;
+      if (cpi->common.frame_type == KEY_FRAME) {
+        const PREDICTION_MODE A =
+            av1_above_block_mode(mic, above_mi, pred_block_idx);
+        const PREDICTION_MODE L =
+            av1_left_block_mode(mic, left_mi, pred_block_idx);
+
+        bmode_costs = cpi->y_mode_costs[A][L];
+      }
+      this_rd = rd_pick_intra_sub_8x8_y_subblock_mode(
+          cpi, mb, idy, idx, &best_mode, bmode_costs,
+          xd->plane[0].above_context + idx, xd->plane[0].left_context + idy, &r,
+          &ry, &d, bsize, tx_size, y_skip, best_rd - total_rd);
+#if !CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+      if (this_rd >= best_rd - total_rd) return INT64_MAX;
+#endif  // !CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+      total_rd += this_rd;
+      cost += r;
+      total_distortion += d;
+      tot_rate_y += ry;
+
+      mic->bmi[pred_block_idx].as_mode = best_mode;
+      for (j = 1; j < pred_height_in_4x4_blocks; ++j)
+        mic->bmi[pred_block_idx + j * 2].as_mode = best_mode;
+      for (j = 1; j < pred_width_in_4x4_blocks; ++j)
+        mic->bmi[pred_block_idx + j].as_mode = best_mode;
+
+      if (total_rd >= best_rd) return INT64_MAX;
+    }
+  }
+  mbmi->mode = mic->bmi[3].as_mode;
+
+#if CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+  {
+    const struct macroblock_plane *p = &mb->plane[0];
+    const struct macroblockd_plane *pd = &xd->plane[0];
+    const int src_stride = p->src.stride;
+    const int dst_stride = pd->dst.stride;
+    uint8_t *src = p->src.buf;
+    uint8_t *dst = pd->dst.buf;
+    int use_activity_masking = 0;
+    int qm = OD_HVS_QM;
+
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+    use_activity_masking = mb->daala_enc.use_activity_masking;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+    // Daala-defined distortion computed for the block of 8x8 pixels
+    total_distortion = av1_daala_dist(src, src_stride, dst, dst_stride, 8, 8,
+                                      qm, use_activity_masking, mb->qindex)
+                       << 4;
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+  // Add in the cost of the transform type
+  if (!is_lossless) {
+    int rate_tx_type = 0;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+    if (get_ext_tx_types(tx_size, bsize, 0, cpi->common.reduced_tx_set_used) >
+        1) {
+      const int eset =
+          get_ext_tx_set(tx_size, bsize, 0, cpi->common.reduced_tx_set_used);
+      rate_tx_type = cpi->intra_tx_type_costs[eset][txsize_sqr_map[tx_size]]
+                                             [mbmi->mode][mbmi->tx_type];
+    }
+#else
+    rate_tx_type =
+        cpi->intra_tx_type_costs[txsize_sqr_map[tx_size]]
+                                [intra_mode_to_tx_type_context[mbmi->mode]]
+                                [mbmi->tx_type];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+    assert(mbmi->tx_size == tx_size);
+    cost += rate_tx_type;
+    tot_rate_y += rate_tx_type;
+  }
+
+  *rate = cost;
+  *rate_y = tot_rate_y;
+  *distortion = total_distortion;
+
+  return RDCOST(mb->rdmult, mb->rddiv, cost, total_distortion);
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+// Return 1 if an filter intra mode is selected; return 0 otherwise.
+static int rd_pick_filter_intra_sby(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                    int *rate, int *rate_tokenonly,
+                                    int64_t *distortion, int *skippable,
+                                    BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int mode_cost,
+                                    int64_t *best_rd, int64_t *best_model_rd,
+                                    uint16_t skip_mask) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MODE_INFO *const mic = xd->mi[0];
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &mic->mbmi;
+  int filter_intra_selected_flag = 0;
+  FILTER_INTRA_MODE mode;
+  TX_SIZE best_tx_size = TX_4X4;
+  FILTER_INTRA_MODE_INFO filter_intra_mode_info;
+  TX_TYPE best_tx_type;
+
+  av1_zero(filter_intra_mode_info);
+  mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[0] = 1;
+  mbmi->mode = DC_PRED;
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  mbmi->palette_mode_info.palette_size[0] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+  for (mode = 0; mode < FILTER_INTRA_MODES; ++mode) {
+    int this_rate;
+    int64_t this_rd, this_model_rd;
+    RD_STATS tokenonly_rd_stats;
+    if (skip_mask & (1 << mode)) continue;
+    mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.filter_intra_mode[0] = mode;
+    this_model_rd = intra_model_yrd(cpi, x, bsize, mode_cost);
+    if (*best_model_rd != INT64_MAX &&
+        this_model_rd > *best_model_rd + (*best_model_rd >> 1))
+      continue;
+    if (this_model_rd < *best_model_rd) *best_model_rd = this_model_rd;
+    super_block_yrd(cpi, x, &tokenonly_rd_stats, bsize, *best_rd);
+    if (tokenonly_rd_stats.rate == INT_MAX) continue;
+    this_rate = tokenonly_rd_stats.rate +
+                av1_cost_bit(cpi->common.fc->filter_intra_probs[0], 1) +
+                write_uniform_cost(FILTER_INTRA_MODES, mode) + mode_cost;
+    this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, this_rate, tokenonly_rd_stats.dist);
+
+    if (this_rd < *best_rd) {
+      *best_rd = this_rd;
+      best_tx_size = mic->mbmi.tx_size;
+      filter_intra_mode_info = mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info;
+      best_tx_type = mic->mbmi.tx_type;
+      *rate = this_rate;
+      *rate_tokenonly = tokenonly_rd_stats.rate;
+      *distortion = tokenonly_rd_stats.dist;
+      *skippable = tokenonly_rd_stats.skip;
+      filter_intra_selected_flag = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (filter_intra_selected_flag) {
+    mbmi->mode = DC_PRED;
+    mbmi->tx_size = best_tx_size;
+    mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[0] =
+        filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[0];
+    mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.filter_intra_mode[0] =
+        filter_intra_mode_info.filter_intra_mode[0];
+    mbmi->tx_type = best_tx_type;
+    return 1;
+  } else {
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+// Run RD calculation with given luma intra prediction angle., and return
+// the RD cost. Update the best mode info. if the RD cost is the best so far.
+static int64_t calc_rd_given_intra_angle(
+    const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int mode_cost,
+    int64_t best_rd_in, int8_t angle_delta, int max_angle_delta, int *rate,
+    RD_STATS *rd_stats, int *best_angle_delta, TX_SIZE *best_tx_size,
+    TX_TYPE *best_tx_type,
+#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+    INTRA_FILTER *best_filter,
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+    int64_t *best_rd, int64_t *best_model_rd) {
+  int this_rate;
+  RD_STATS tokenonly_rd_stats;
+  int64_t this_rd, this_model_rd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &x->e_mbd.mi[0]->mbmi;
+
+  mbmi->angle_delta[0] = angle_delta;
+  this_model_rd = intra_model_yrd(cpi, x, bsize, mode_cost);
+  if (*best_model_rd != INT64_MAX &&
+      this_model_rd > *best_model_rd + (*best_model_rd >> 1))
+    return INT64_MAX;
+  if (this_model_rd < *best_model_rd) *best_model_rd = this_model_rd;
+  super_block_yrd(cpi, x, &tokenonly_rd_stats, bsize, best_rd_in);
+  if (tokenonly_rd_stats.rate == INT_MAX) return INT64_MAX;
+
+  this_rate = tokenonly_rd_stats.rate + mode_cost +
+              write_uniform_cost(2 * max_angle_delta + 1,
+                                 mbmi->angle_delta[0] + max_angle_delta);
+  this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, this_rate, tokenonly_rd_stats.dist);
+
+  if (this_rd < *best_rd) {
+    *best_rd = this_rd;
+    *best_angle_delta = mbmi->angle_delta[0];
+    *best_tx_size = mbmi->tx_size;
+#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+    *best_filter = mbmi->intra_filter;
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+    *best_tx_type = mbmi->tx_type;
+    *rate = this_rate;
+    rd_stats->rate = tokenonly_rd_stats.rate;
+    rd_stats->dist = tokenonly_rd_stats.dist;
+    rd_stats->skip = tokenonly_rd_stats.skip;
+  }
+  return this_rd;
+}
+
+// With given luma directional intra prediction mode, pick the best angle delta
+// Return the RD cost corresponding to the best angle delta.
+static int64_t rd_pick_intra_angle_sby(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                       int *rate, RD_STATS *rd_stats,
+                                       BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int mode_cost,
+                                       int64_t best_rd,
+                                       int64_t *best_model_rd) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MODE_INFO *const mic = xd->mi[0];
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &mic->mbmi;
+  int i, angle_delta, best_angle_delta = 0;
+  int first_try = 1;
+#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+  int p_angle;
+  const int intra_filter_ctx = av1_get_pred_context_intra_interp(xd);
+  INTRA_FILTER filter, best_filter = INTRA_FILTER_LINEAR;
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+  int64_t this_rd, best_rd_in, rd_cost[2 * (MAX_ANGLE_DELTA + 2)];
+  TX_SIZE best_tx_size = mic->mbmi.tx_size;
+  TX_TYPE best_tx_type = mbmi->tx_type;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 2 * (MAX_ANGLE_DELTA + 2); ++i) rd_cost[i] = INT64_MAX;
+
+  for (angle_delta = 0; angle_delta <= MAX_ANGLE_DELTA; angle_delta += 2) {
+#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+    for (filter = INTRA_FILTER_LINEAR; filter < INTRA_FILTERS; ++filter) {
+      if (FILTER_FAST_SEARCH && filter != INTRA_FILTER_LINEAR) continue;
+      mic->mbmi.intra_filter = filter;
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+      for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+        best_rd_in = (best_rd == INT64_MAX)
+                         ? INT64_MAX
+                         : (best_rd + (best_rd >> (first_try ? 3 : 5)));
+        this_rd = calc_rd_given_intra_angle(
+            cpi, x, bsize,
+#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+            mode_cost + cpi->intra_filter_cost[intra_filter_ctx][filter],
+#else
+          mode_cost,
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+            best_rd_in, (1 - 2 * i) * angle_delta, MAX_ANGLE_DELTA, rate,
+            rd_stats, &best_angle_delta, &best_tx_size, &best_tx_type,
+#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+            &best_filter,
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+            &best_rd, best_model_rd);
+        rd_cost[2 * angle_delta + i] = this_rd;
+        if (first_try && this_rd == INT64_MAX) return best_rd;
+        first_try = 0;
+        if (angle_delta == 0) {
+          rd_cost[1] = this_rd;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+  }
+
+  assert(best_rd != INT64_MAX);
+  for (angle_delta = 1; angle_delta <= MAX_ANGLE_DELTA; angle_delta += 2) {
+    int64_t rd_thresh;
+#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+    for (filter = INTRA_FILTER_LINEAR; filter < INTRA_FILTERS; ++filter) {
+      if (FILTER_FAST_SEARCH && filter != INTRA_FILTER_LINEAR) continue;
+      mic->mbmi.intra_filter = filter;
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+      for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+        int skip_search = 0;
+        rd_thresh = best_rd + (best_rd >> 5);
+        if (rd_cost[2 * (angle_delta + 1) + i] > rd_thresh &&
+            rd_cost[2 * (angle_delta - 1) + i] > rd_thresh)
+          skip_search = 1;
+        if (!skip_search) {
+          calc_rd_given_intra_angle(
+              cpi, x, bsize,
+#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+              mode_cost + cpi->intra_filter_cost[intra_filter_ctx][filter],
+#else
+            mode_cost,
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+              best_rd, (1 - 2 * i) * angle_delta, MAX_ANGLE_DELTA, rate,
+              rd_stats, &best_angle_delta, &best_tx_size, &best_tx_type,
+#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+              &best_filter,
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+              &best_rd, best_model_rd);
+        }
+      }
+#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+  }
+
+#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+  if (FILTER_FAST_SEARCH && rd_stats->rate < INT_MAX) {
+    p_angle = mode_to_angle_map[mbmi->mode] + best_angle_delta * ANGLE_STEP;
+    if (av1_is_intra_filter_switchable(p_angle)) {
+      for (filter = INTRA_FILTER_LINEAR + 1; filter < INTRA_FILTERS; ++filter) {
+        mic->mbmi.intra_filter = filter;
+        this_rd = calc_rd_given_intra_angle(
+            cpi, x, bsize,
+            mode_cost + cpi->intra_filter_cost[intra_filter_ctx][filter],
+            best_rd, best_angle_delta, MAX_ANGLE_DELTA, rate, rd_stats,
+            &best_angle_delta, &best_tx_size, &best_tx_type, &best_filter,
+            &best_rd, best_model_rd);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+
+  mbmi->tx_size = best_tx_size;
+  mbmi->angle_delta[0] = best_angle_delta;
+#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+  mic->mbmi.intra_filter = best_filter;
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+  mbmi->tx_type = best_tx_type;
+  return best_rd;
+}
+
+// Indices are sign, integer, and fractional part of the gradient value
+static const uint8_t gradient_to_angle_bin[2][7][16] = {
+  {
+      { 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
+      { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
+      { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
+      { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
+      { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
+      { 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 },
+      { 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 },
+  },
+  {
+      { 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4 },
+      { 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3 },
+      { 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3 },
+      { 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3 },
+      { 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3 },
+      { 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 },
+      { 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 },
+  },
+};
+
+static const uint8_t mode_to_angle_bin[INTRA_MODES] = {
+  0, 2, 6, 0, 4, 3, 5, 7, 1, 0,
+};
+
+static void angle_estimation(const uint8_t *src, int src_stride, int rows,
+                             int cols, uint8_t *directional_mode_skip_mask) {
+  int i, r, c, index, dx, dy, temp, sn, remd, quot;
+  uint64_t hist[DIRECTIONAL_MODES];
+  uint64_t hist_sum = 0;
+
+  memset(hist, 0, DIRECTIONAL_MODES * sizeof(hist[0]));
+  src += src_stride;
+  for (r = 1; r < rows; ++r) {
+    for (c = 1; c < cols; ++c) {
+      dx = src[c] - src[c - 1];
+      dy = src[c] - src[c - src_stride];
+      temp = dx * dx + dy * dy;
+      if (dy == 0) {
+        index = 2;
+      } else {
+        sn = (dx > 0) ^ (dy > 0);
+        dx = abs(dx);
+        dy = abs(dy);
+        remd = dx % dy;
+        quot = dx / dy;
+        remd = remd * 16 / dy;
+        index = gradient_to_angle_bin[sn][AOMMIN(quot, 6)][AOMMIN(remd, 15)];
+      }
+      hist[index] += temp;
+    }
+    src += src_stride;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < DIRECTIONAL_MODES; ++i) hist_sum += hist[i];
+  for (i = 0; i < INTRA_MODES; ++i) {
+    if (i != DC_PRED && i != TM_PRED) {
+      const uint8_t angle_bin = mode_to_angle_bin[i];
+      uint64_t score = 2 * hist[angle_bin];
+      int weight = 2;
+      if (angle_bin > 0) {
+        score += hist[angle_bin - 1];
+        ++weight;
+      }
+      if (angle_bin < DIRECTIONAL_MODES - 1) {
+        score += hist[angle_bin + 1];
+        ++weight;
+      }
+      if (score * ANGLE_SKIP_THRESH < hist_sum * weight)
+        directional_mode_skip_mask[i] = 1;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+static void highbd_angle_estimation(const uint8_t *src8, int src_stride,
+                                    int rows, int cols,
+                                    uint8_t *directional_mode_skip_mask) {
+  int i, r, c, index, dx, dy, temp, sn, remd, quot;
+  uint64_t hist[DIRECTIONAL_MODES];
+  uint64_t hist_sum = 0;
+  uint16_t *src = CONVERT_TO_SHORTPTR(src8);
+
+  memset(hist, 0, DIRECTIONAL_MODES * sizeof(hist[0]));
+  src += src_stride;
+  for (r = 1; r < rows; ++r) {
+    for (c = 1; c < cols; ++c) {
+      dx = src[c] - src[c - 1];
+      dy = src[c] - src[c - src_stride];
+      temp = dx * dx + dy * dy;
+      if (dy == 0) {
+        index = 2;
+      } else {
+        sn = (dx > 0) ^ (dy > 0);
+        dx = abs(dx);
+        dy = abs(dy);
+        remd = dx % dy;
+        quot = dx / dy;
+        remd = remd * 16 / dy;
+        index = gradient_to_angle_bin[sn][AOMMIN(quot, 6)][AOMMIN(remd, 15)];
+      }
+      hist[index] += temp;
+    }
+    src += src_stride;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < DIRECTIONAL_MODES; ++i) hist_sum += hist[i];
+  for (i = 0; i < INTRA_MODES; ++i) {
+    if (i != DC_PRED && i != TM_PRED) {
+      const uint8_t angle_bin = mode_to_angle_bin[i];
+      uint64_t score = 2 * hist[angle_bin];
+      int weight = 2;
+      if (angle_bin > 0) {
+        score += hist[angle_bin - 1];
+        ++weight;
+      }
+      if (angle_bin < DIRECTIONAL_MODES - 1) {
+        score += hist[angle_bin + 1];
+        ++weight;
+      }
+      if (score * ANGLE_SKIP_THRESH < hist_sum * weight)
+        directional_mode_skip_mask[i] = 1;
+    }
+  }
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+
+// This function is used only for intra_only frames
+static int64_t rd_pick_intra_sby_mode(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                      int *rate, int *rate_tokenonly,
+                                      int64_t *distortion, int *skippable,
+                                      BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int64_t best_rd) {
+  uint8_t mode_idx;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MODE_INFO *const mic = xd->mi[0];
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &mic->mbmi;
+  MB_MODE_INFO best_mbmi = *mbmi;
+  int64_t best_model_rd = INT64_MAX;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+  const int rows = block_size_high[bsize];
+  const int cols = block_size_wide[bsize];
+#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+  const int intra_filter_ctx = av1_get_pred_context_intra_interp(xd);
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+  int is_directional_mode;
+  uint8_t directional_mode_skip_mask[INTRA_MODES];
+  const int src_stride = x->plane[0].src.stride;
+  const uint8_t *src = x->plane[0].src.buf;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+  int beat_best_rd = 0;
+  uint16_t filter_intra_mode_skip_mask = (1 << FILTER_INTRA_MODES) - 1;
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+  const int *bmode_costs;
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  PALETTE_MODE_INFO *const pmi = &mbmi->palette_mode_info;
+  uint8_t *best_palette_color_map =
+      cpi->common.allow_screen_content_tools
+          ? x->palette_buffer->best_palette_color_map
+          : NULL;
+  int palette_y_mode_ctx = 0;
+  const int try_palette =
+      cpi->common.allow_screen_content_tools && bsize >= BLOCK_8X8;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+  const MODE_INFO *above_mi = xd->above_mi;
+  const MODE_INFO *left_mi = xd->left_mi;
+  const PREDICTION_MODE A = av1_above_block_mode(mic, above_mi, 0);
+  const PREDICTION_MODE L = av1_left_block_mode(mic, left_mi, 0);
+  const PREDICTION_MODE FINAL_MODE_SEARCH = TM_PRED + 1;
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+  od_rollback_buffer pre_buf, post_buf;
+
+  od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &pre_buf);
+  od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &post_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+  bmode_costs = cpi->y_mode_costs[A][L];
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+  mbmi->angle_delta[0] = 0;
+  memset(directional_mode_skip_mask, 0,
+         sizeof(directional_mode_skip_mask[0]) * INTRA_MODES);
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH)
+    highbd_angle_estimation(src, src_stride, rows, cols,
+                            directional_mode_skip_mask);
+  else
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    angle_estimation(src, src_stride, rows, cols, directional_mode_skip_mask);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+  mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[0] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  pmi->palette_size[0] = 0;
+  if (above_mi)
+    palette_y_mode_ctx +=
+        (above_mi->mbmi.palette_mode_info.palette_size[0] > 0);
+  if (left_mi)
+    palette_y_mode_ctx += (left_mi->mbmi.palette_mode_info.palette_size[0] > 0);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+  if (cpi->sf.tx_type_search.fast_intra_tx_type_search)
+    x->use_default_intra_tx_type = 1;
+  else
+    x->use_default_intra_tx_type = 0;
+
+  /* Y Search for intra prediction mode */
+  for (mode_idx = DC_PRED; mode_idx <= FINAL_MODE_SEARCH; ++mode_idx) {
+    RD_STATS this_rd_stats;
+    int this_rate, this_rate_tokenonly, s;
+    int64_t this_distortion, this_rd, this_model_rd;
+    if (mode_idx == FINAL_MODE_SEARCH) {
+      if (x->use_default_intra_tx_type == 0) break;
+      mbmi->mode = best_mbmi.mode;
+      x->use_default_intra_tx_type = 0;
+    } else {
+      mbmi->mode = mode_idx;
+    }
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+    od_encode_rollback(&x->daala_enc, &pre_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+    mbmi->angle_delta[0] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+    this_model_rd = intra_model_yrd(cpi, x, bsize, bmode_costs[mbmi->mode]);
+    if (best_model_rd != INT64_MAX &&
+        this_model_rd > best_model_rd + (best_model_rd >> 1))
+      continue;
+    if (this_model_rd < best_model_rd) best_model_rd = this_model_rd;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+    is_directional_mode = av1_is_directional_mode(mbmi->mode, bsize);
+    if (is_directional_mode && directional_mode_skip_mask[mbmi->mode]) continue;
+    if (is_directional_mode) {
+      this_rd_stats.rate = INT_MAX;
+      rd_pick_intra_angle_sby(cpi, x, &this_rate, &this_rd_stats, bsize,
+                              bmode_costs[mbmi->mode], best_rd, &best_model_rd);
+    } else {
+      super_block_yrd(cpi, x, &this_rd_stats, bsize, best_rd);
+    }
+#else
+    super_block_yrd(cpi, x, &this_rd_stats, bsize, best_rd);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+    this_rate_tokenonly = this_rd_stats.rate;
+    this_distortion = this_rd_stats.dist;
+    s = this_rd_stats.skip;
+
+    if (this_rate_tokenonly == INT_MAX) continue;
+
+    this_rate = this_rate_tokenonly + bmode_costs[mbmi->mode];
+
+    if (!xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id] && mbmi->sb_type >= BLOCK_8X8) {
+      // super_block_yrd above includes the cost of the tx_size in the
+      // tokenonly rate, but for intra blocks, tx_size is always coded
+      // (prediction granularity), so we account for it in the full rate,
+      // not the tokenonly rate.
+      this_rate_tokenonly -= tx_size_cost(cpi, x, bsize, mbmi->tx_size);
+    }
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+    if (try_palette && mbmi->mode == DC_PRED) {
+      this_rate +=
+          av1_cost_bit(av1_default_palette_y_mode_prob[bsize - BLOCK_8X8]
+                                                      [palette_y_mode_ctx],
+                       0);
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+    if (mbmi->mode == DC_PRED)
+      this_rate += av1_cost_bit(cpi->common.fc->filter_intra_probs[0], 0);
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+    if (is_directional_mode) {
+#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+      const int p_angle =
+          mode_to_angle_map[mbmi->mode] + mbmi->angle_delta[0] * ANGLE_STEP;
+      if (av1_is_intra_filter_switchable(p_angle))
+        this_rate +=
+            cpi->intra_filter_cost[intra_filter_ctx][mbmi->intra_filter];
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+      this_rate += write_uniform_cost(2 * MAX_ANGLE_DELTA + 1,
+                                      MAX_ANGLE_DELTA + mbmi->angle_delta[0]);
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+    this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, this_rate, this_distortion);
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+    if (best_rd == INT64_MAX || this_rd - best_rd < (best_rd >> 4)) {
+      filter_intra_mode_skip_mask ^= (1 << mbmi->mode);
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+
+    if (this_rd < best_rd) {
+      best_mbmi = *mbmi;
+      best_rd = this_rd;
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+      beat_best_rd = 1;
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+      *rate = this_rate;
+      *rate_tokenonly = this_rate_tokenonly;
+      *distortion = this_distortion;
+      *skippable = s;
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+      od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &post_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+    }
+  }
+
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+  od_encode_rollback(&x->daala_enc, &post_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+
+#if CONFIG_CFL
+  // Perform one extra txfm_rd_in_plane() call, this time with the best value so
+  // we can store reconstructed luma values
+  RD_STATS this_rd_stats;
+  x->cfl_store_y = 1;
+  txfm_rd_in_plane(x, cpi, &this_rd_stats, INT64_MAX, 0, bsize,
+                   mic->mbmi.tx_size, cpi->sf.use_fast_coef_costing);
+  x->cfl_store_y = 0;
+#endif
+
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  if (try_palette) {
+    rd_pick_palette_intra_sby(cpi, x, bsize, palette_y_mode_ctx,
+                              bmode_costs[DC_PRED], &best_mbmi,
+                              best_palette_color_map, &best_rd, &best_model_rd,
+                              rate, rate_tokenonly, distortion, skippable);
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+  if (beat_best_rd) {
+    if (rd_pick_filter_intra_sby(cpi, x, rate, rate_tokenonly, distortion,
+                                 skippable, bsize, bmode_costs[DC_PRED],
+                                 &best_rd, &best_model_rd,
+                                 filter_intra_mode_skip_mask)) {
+      best_mbmi = *mbmi;
+    }
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+
+  *mbmi = best_mbmi;
+  return best_rd;
+}
+
+// Return value 0: early termination triggered, no valid rd cost available;
+//              1: rd cost values are valid.
+static int super_block_uvrd(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                            RD_STATS *rd_stats, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                            int64_t ref_best_rd) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  const TX_SIZE uv_tx_size = get_uv_tx_size(mbmi, &xd->plane[1]);
+  int plane;
+  int is_cost_valid = 1;
+  av1_init_rd_stats(rd_stats);
+
+  if (ref_best_rd < 0) is_cost_valid = 0;
+
+#if CONFIG_CB4X4 && !CONFIG_CHROMA_2X2
+  if (x->skip_chroma_rd) return is_cost_valid;
+
+  bsize = scale_chroma_bsize(bsize, xd->plane[1].subsampling_x,
+                             xd->plane[1].subsampling_y);
+#endif  // CONFIG_CB4X4 && !CONFIG_CHROMA_2X2
+
+#if !CONFIG_PVQ
+  if (is_inter_block(mbmi) && is_cost_valid) {
+    for (plane = 1; plane < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++plane)
+      av1_subtract_plane(x, bsize, plane);
+  }
+#endif  // !CONFIG_PVQ
+
+  if (is_cost_valid) {
+    for (plane = 1; plane < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++plane) {
+      RD_STATS pn_rd_stats;
+      txfm_rd_in_plane(x, cpi, &pn_rd_stats, ref_best_rd, plane, bsize,
+                       uv_tx_size, cpi->sf.use_fast_coef_costing);
+      if (pn_rd_stats.rate == INT_MAX) {
+        is_cost_valid = 0;
+        break;
+      }
+      av1_merge_rd_stats(rd_stats, &pn_rd_stats);
+      if (RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rd_stats->rate, rd_stats->dist) >
+              ref_best_rd &&
+          RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, 0, rd_stats->sse) > ref_best_rd) {
+        is_cost_valid = 0;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!is_cost_valid) {
+    // reset cost value
+    av1_invalid_rd_stats(rd_stats);
+  }
+
+  return is_cost_valid;
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+// FIXME crop these calls
+static uint64_t sum_squares_2d(const int16_t *diff, int diff_stride,
+                               TX_SIZE tx_size) {
+  return aom_sum_squares_2d_i16(diff, diff_stride, tx_size_wide[tx_size],
+                                tx_size_high[tx_size]);
+}
+
+void av1_tx_block_rd_b(const AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, TX_SIZE tx_size,
+                       int blk_row, int blk_col, int plane, int block,
+                       int plane_bsize, const ENTROPY_CONTEXT *a,
+                       const ENTROPY_CONTEXT *l, RD_STATS *rd_stats) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[plane];
+  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[plane];
+  int64_t tmp;
+  tran_low_t *const dqcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(pd->dqcoeff, block);
+  PLANE_TYPE plane_type = get_plane_type(plane);
+  TX_TYPE tx_type = get_tx_type(plane_type, xd, block, tx_size);
+  const SCAN_ORDER *const scan_order =
+      get_scan(cm, tx_size, tx_type, is_inter_block(&xd->mi[0]->mbmi));
+  BLOCK_SIZE txm_bsize = txsize_to_bsize[tx_size];
+  int bh = block_size_high[txm_bsize];
+  int bw = block_size_wide[txm_bsize];
+  int txb_h = tx_size_high_unit[tx_size];
+  int txb_w = tx_size_wide_unit[tx_size];
+
+  int src_stride = p->src.stride;
+  uint8_t *src =
+      &p->src.buf[(blk_row * src_stride + blk_col) << tx_size_wide_log2[0]];
+  uint8_t *dst =
+      &pd->dst
+           .buf[(blk_row * pd->dst.stride + blk_col) << tx_size_wide_log2[0]];
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint16_t, rec_buffer16[MAX_TX_SQUARE]);
+  uint8_t *rec_buffer;
+#else
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint8_t, rec_buffer[MAX_TX_SQUARE]);
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  int max_blocks_high = block_size_high[plane_bsize];
+  int max_blocks_wide = block_size_wide[plane_bsize];
+  const int diff_stride = max_blocks_wide;
+  const int16_t *diff =
+      &p->src_diff[(blk_row * diff_stride + blk_col) << tx_size_wide_log2[0]];
+  int txb_coeff_cost;
+
+  assert(tx_size < TX_SIZES_ALL);
+
+  if (xd->mb_to_bottom_edge < 0)
+    max_blocks_high += xd->mb_to_bottom_edge >> (3 + pd->subsampling_y);
+  if (xd->mb_to_right_edge < 0)
+    max_blocks_wide += xd->mb_to_right_edge >> (3 + pd->subsampling_x);
+
+  max_blocks_high >>= tx_size_wide_log2[0];
+  max_blocks_wide >>= tx_size_wide_log2[0];
+
+  int coeff_ctx = get_entropy_context(tx_size, a, l);
+
+  av1_xform_quant(cm, x, plane, block, blk_row, blk_col, plane_bsize, tx_size,
+                  coeff_ctx, AV1_XFORM_QUANT_FP);
+
+  av1_optimize_b(cm, x, plane, block, tx_size, coeff_ctx);
+
+// TODO(any): Use av1_dist_block to compute distortion
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+    rec_buffer = CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(rec_buffer16);
+    aom_highbd_convolve_copy(dst, pd->dst.stride, rec_buffer, MAX_TX_SIZE, NULL,
+                             0, NULL, 0, bw, bh, xd->bd);
+  } else {
+    rec_buffer = (uint8_t *)rec_buffer16;
+    aom_convolve_copy(dst, pd->dst.stride, rec_buffer, MAX_TX_SIZE, NULL, 0,
+                      NULL, 0, bw, bh);
+  }
+#else
+  aom_convolve_copy(dst, pd->dst.stride, rec_buffer, MAX_TX_SIZE, NULL, 0, NULL,
+                    0, bw, bh);
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+  if (blk_row + txb_h > max_blocks_high || blk_col + txb_w > max_blocks_wide) {
+    int idx, idy;
+    int blocks_height = AOMMIN(txb_h, max_blocks_high - blk_row);
+    int blocks_width = AOMMIN(txb_w, max_blocks_wide - blk_col);
+    tmp = 0;
+    for (idy = 0; idy < blocks_height; ++idy) {
+      for (idx = 0; idx < blocks_width; ++idx) {
+        const int16_t *d =
+            diff + ((idy * diff_stride + idx) << tx_size_wide_log2[0]);
+        tmp += sum_squares_2d(d, diff_stride, 0);
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    tmp = sum_squares_2d(diff, diff_stride, tx_size);
+  }
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH)
+    tmp = ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(tmp, (xd->bd - 8) * 2);
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  rd_stats->sse += tmp * 16;
+  const int eob = p->eobs[block];
+
+  av1_inverse_transform_block(xd, dqcoeff, tx_type, tx_size, rec_buffer,
+                              MAX_TX_SIZE, eob);
+  if (eob > 0) {
+    if (txb_w + blk_col > max_blocks_wide ||
+        txb_h + blk_row > max_blocks_high) {
+      int idx, idy;
+      unsigned int this_dist;
+      int blocks_height = AOMMIN(txb_h, max_blocks_high - blk_row);
+      int blocks_width = AOMMIN(txb_w, max_blocks_wide - blk_col);
+      tmp = 0;
+      for (idy = 0; idy < blocks_height; ++idy) {
+        for (idx = 0; idx < blocks_width; ++idx) {
+          uint8_t *const s =
+              src + ((idy * src_stride + idx) << tx_size_wide_log2[0]);
+          uint8_t *const r =
+              rec_buffer + ((idy * MAX_TX_SIZE + idx) << tx_size_wide_log2[0]);
+          cpi->fn_ptr[0].vf(s, src_stride, r, MAX_TX_SIZE, &this_dist);
+          tmp += this_dist;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      uint32_t this_dist;
+      cpi->fn_ptr[txm_bsize].vf(src, src_stride, rec_buffer, MAX_TX_SIZE,
+                                &this_dist);
+      tmp = this_dist;
+    }
+  }
+  rd_stats->dist += tmp * 16;
+  txb_coeff_cost =
+      av1_cost_coeffs(cpi, x, plane, block, tx_size, scan_order, a, l, 0);
+  rd_stats->rate += txb_coeff_cost;
+  rd_stats->skip &= (eob == 0);
+
+#if CONFIG_RD_DEBUG
+  av1_update_txb_coeff_cost(rd_stats, plane, tx_size, blk_row, blk_col,
+                            txb_coeff_cost);
+#endif  // CONFIG_RD_DEBUG
+}
+
+static void select_tx_block(const AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, int blk_row,
+                            int blk_col, int plane, int block, int block32,
+                            TX_SIZE tx_size, int depth, BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize,
+                            ENTROPY_CONTEXT *ta, ENTROPY_CONTEXT *tl,
+                            TXFM_CONTEXT *tx_above, TXFM_CONTEXT *tx_left,
+                            RD_STATS *rd_stats, int64_t ref_best_rd,
+                            int *is_cost_valid, RD_STATS *rd_stats_stack) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[plane];
+  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[plane];
+  const int tx_row = blk_row >> (1 - pd->subsampling_y);
+  const int tx_col = blk_col >> (1 - pd->subsampling_x);
+  TX_SIZE(*const inter_tx_size)
+  [MAX_MIB_SIZE] =
+      (TX_SIZE(*)[MAX_MIB_SIZE]) & mbmi->inter_tx_size[tx_row][tx_col];
+  const int max_blocks_high = max_block_high(xd, plane_bsize, plane);
+  const int max_blocks_wide = max_block_wide(xd, plane_bsize, plane);
+  const int bw = block_size_wide[plane_bsize] >> tx_size_wide_log2[0];
+  int64_t this_rd = INT64_MAX;
+  ENTROPY_CONTEXT *pta = ta + blk_col;
+  ENTROPY_CONTEXT *ptl = tl + blk_row;
+  int coeff_ctx, i;
+  int ctx =
+      txfm_partition_context(tx_above + (blk_col >> 1),
+                             tx_left + (blk_row >> 1), mbmi->sb_type, tx_size);
+  int64_t sum_rd = INT64_MAX;
+  int tmp_eob = 0;
+  int zero_blk_rate;
+  RD_STATS sum_rd_stats;
+  const int tx_size_ctx = txsize_sqr_map[tx_size];
+
+  av1_init_rd_stats(&sum_rd_stats);
+
+  assert(tx_size < TX_SIZES_ALL);
+
+  if (ref_best_rd < 0) {
+    *is_cost_valid = 0;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  coeff_ctx = get_entropy_context(tx_size, pta, ptl);
+
+  av1_init_rd_stats(rd_stats);
+
+  if (blk_row >= max_blocks_high || blk_col >= max_blocks_wide) return;
+
+  zero_blk_rate = x->token_costs[tx_size_ctx][pd->plane_type][1][0][0]
+                                [coeff_ctx][EOB_TOKEN];
+
+  if (cpi->common.tx_mode == TX_MODE_SELECT || tx_size == TX_4X4) {
+    inter_tx_size[0][0] = tx_size;
+
+    if (tx_size == TX_32X32 && mbmi->tx_type != DCT_DCT &&
+        rd_stats_stack[block32].rate != INT_MAX) {
+      *rd_stats = rd_stats_stack[block32];
+      p->eobs[block] = !rd_stats->skip;
+      x->blk_skip[plane][blk_row * bw + blk_col] = rd_stats->skip;
+    } else {
+      av1_tx_block_rd_b(cpi, x, tx_size, blk_row, blk_col, plane, block,
+                        plane_bsize, pta, ptl, rd_stats);
+      if (tx_size == TX_32X32) {
+        rd_stats_stack[block32] = *rd_stats;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if ((RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rd_stats->rate, rd_stats->dist) >=
+             RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, zero_blk_rate, rd_stats->sse) ||
+         rd_stats->skip == 1) &&
+        !xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id]) {
+#if CONFIG_RD_DEBUG
+      av1_update_txb_coeff_cost(rd_stats, plane, tx_size, blk_row, blk_col,
+                                zero_blk_rate - rd_stats->rate);
+#endif  // CONFIG_RD_DEBUG
+      rd_stats->rate = zero_blk_rate;
+      rd_stats->dist = rd_stats->sse;
+      rd_stats->skip = 1;
+      x->blk_skip[plane][blk_row * bw + blk_col] = 1;
+      p->eobs[block] = 0;
+    } else {
+      x->blk_skip[plane][blk_row * bw + blk_col] = 0;
+      rd_stats->skip = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (tx_size > TX_4X4 && depth < MAX_VARTX_DEPTH)
+      rd_stats->rate +=
+          av1_cost_bit(cpi->common.fc->txfm_partition_prob[ctx], 0);
+    this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rd_stats->rate, rd_stats->dist);
+    tmp_eob = p->eobs[block];
+  }
+
+  if (tx_size > TX_4X4 && depth < MAX_VARTX_DEPTH) {
+    const TX_SIZE sub_txs = sub_tx_size_map[tx_size];
+    const int bsl = tx_size_wide_unit[sub_txs];
+    int sub_step = tx_size_wide_unit[sub_txs] * tx_size_high_unit[sub_txs];
+    RD_STATS this_rd_stats;
+    int this_cost_valid = 1;
+    int64_t tmp_rd = 0;
+
+    sum_rd_stats.rate =
+        av1_cost_bit(cpi->common.fc->txfm_partition_prob[ctx], 1);
+
+    assert(tx_size < TX_SIZES_ALL);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < 4 && this_cost_valid; ++i) {
+      int offsetr = blk_row + (i >> 1) * bsl;
+      int offsetc = blk_col + (i & 0x01) * bsl;
+
+      if (offsetr >= max_blocks_high || offsetc >= max_blocks_wide) continue;
+
+      select_tx_block(cpi, x, offsetr, offsetc, plane, block, block32, sub_txs,
+                      depth + 1, plane_bsize, ta, tl, tx_above, tx_left,
+                      &this_rd_stats, ref_best_rd - tmp_rd, &this_cost_valid,
+                      rd_stats_stack);
+
+      av1_merge_rd_stats(&sum_rd_stats, &this_rd_stats);
+
+      tmp_rd =
+          RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, sum_rd_stats.rate, sum_rd_stats.dist);
+      if (this_rd < tmp_rd) break;
+      block += sub_step;
+    }
+    if (this_cost_valid) sum_rd = tmp_rd;
+  }
+
+  if (this_rd < sum_rd) {
+    int idx, idy;
+    for (i = 0; i < tx_size_wide_unit[tx_size]; ++i) pta[i] = !(tmp_eob == 0);
+    for (i = 0; i < tx_size_high_unit[tx_size]; ++i) ptl[i] = !(tmp_eob == 0);
+    txfm_partition_update(tx_above + (blk_col >> 1), tx_left + (blk_row >> 1),
+                          tx_size, tx_size);
+    inter_tx_size[0][0] = tx_size;
+    for (idy = 0; idy < tx_size_high_unit[tx_size] / 2; ++idy)
+      for (idx = 0; idx < tx_size_wide_unit[tx_size] / 2; ++idx)
+        inter_tx_size[idy][idx] = tx_size;
+    mbmi->tx_size = tx_size;
+    if (this_rd == INT64_MAX) *is_cost_valid = 0;
+    x->blk_skip[plane][blk_row * bw + blk_col] = rd_stats->skip;
+  } else {
+    *rd_stats = sum_rd_stats;
+    if (sum_rd == INT64_MAX) *is_cost_valid = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+static void inter_block_yrd(const AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                            RD_STATS *rd_stats, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                            int64_t ref_best_rd, RD_STATS *rd_stats_stack) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  int is_cost_valid = 1;
+  int64_t this_rd = 0;
+
+  if (ref_best_rd < 0) is_cost_valid = 0;
+
+  av1_init_rd_stats(rd_stats);
+
+  if (is_cost_valid) {
+    const struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[0];
+    const BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize = get_plane_block_size(bsize, pd);
+    const int mi_width = block_size_wide[plane_bsize] >> tx_size_wide_log2[0];
+    const int mi_height = block_size_high[plane_bsize] >> tx_size_high_log2[0];
+    const TX_SIZE max_tx_size = max_txsize_rect_lookup[plane_bsize];
+    const int bh = tx_size_high_unit[max_tx_size];
+    const int bw = tx_size_wide_unit[max_tx_size];
+    int idx, idy;
+    int block = 0;
+    int block32 = 0;
+    int step = tx_size_wide_unit[max_tx_size] * tx_size_high_unit[max_tx_size];
+    ENTROPY_CONTEXT ctxa[2 * MAX_MIB_SIZE];
+    ENTROPY_CONTEXT ctxl[2 * MAX_MIB_SIZE];
+    TXFM_CONTEXT tx_above[MAX_MIB_SIZE];
+    TXFM_CONTEXT tx_left[MAX_MIB_SIZE];
+
+    RD_STATS pn_rd_stats;
+    av1_init_rd_stats(&pn_rd_stats);
+
+    av1_get_entropy_contexts(bsize, 0, pd, ctxa, ctxl);
+    memcpy(tx_above, xd->above_txfm_context,
+           sizeof(TXFM_CONTEXT) * (mi_width >> 1));
+    memcpy(tx_left, xd->left_txfm_context,
+           sizeof(TXFM_CONTEXT) * (mi_height >> 1));
+
+    for (idy = 0; idy < mi_height; idy += bh) {
+      for (idx = 0; idx < mi_width; idx += bw) {
+        select_tx_block(cpi, x, idy, idx, 0, block, block32, max_tx_size,
+                        mi_height != mi_width, plane_bsize, ctxa, ctxl,
+                        tx_above, tx_left, &pn_rd_stats, ref_best_rd - this_rd,
+                        &is_cost_valid, rd_stats_stack);
+        av1_merge_rd_stats(rd_stats, &pn_rd_stats);
+        this_rd += AOMMIN(
+            RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, pn_rd_stats.rate, pn_rd_stats.dist),
+            RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, 0, pn_rd_stats.sse));
+        block += step;
+        ++block32;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  this_rd = AOMMIN(RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rd_stats->rate, rd_stats->dist),
+                   RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, 0, rd_stats->sse));
+  if (this_rd > ref_best_rd) is_cost_valid = 0;
+
+  if (!is_cost_valid) {
+    // reset cost value
+    av1_invalid_rd_stats(rd_stats);
+  }
+}
+
+static int64_t select_tx_size_fix_type(const AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                       RD_STATS *rd_stats, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                                       int64_t ref_best_rd, TX_TYPE tx_type,
+                                       RD_STATS *rd_stats_stack) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  const int is_inter = is_inter_block(mbmi);
+  aom_prob skip_prob = av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd);
+  int s0 = av1_cost_bit(skip_prob, 0);
+  int s1 = av1_cost_bit(skip_prob, 1);
+  int64_t rd;
+  int row, col;
+  const int max_blocks_high = max_block_high(xd, bsize, 0);
+  const int max_blocks_wide = max_block_wide(xd, bsize, 0);
+
+  mbmi->tx_type = tx_type;
+  mbmi->min_tx_size = TX_SIZES_ALL;
+  inter_block_yrd(cpi, x, rd_stats, bsize, ref_best_rd, rd_stats_stack);
+
+  if (rd_stats->rate == INT_MAX) return INT64_MAX;
+
+  for (row = 0; row < max_blocks_high / 2; ++row)
+    for (col = 0; col < max_blocks_wide / 2; ++col)
+      mbmi->min_tx_size = AOMMIN(
+          mbmi->min_tx_size, get_min_tx_size(mbmi->inter_tx_size[row][col]));
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  if (get_ext_tx_types(mbmi->min_tx_size, bsize, is_inter,
+                       cm->reduced_tx_set_used) > 1 &&
+      !xd->lossless[xd->mi[0]->mbmi.segment_id]) {
+    const int ext_tx_set = get_ext_tx_set(mbmi->min_tx_size, bsize, is_inter,
+                                          cm->reduced_tx_set_used);
+    if (is_inter) {
+      if (ext_tx_set > 0)
+        rd_stats->rate +=
+            cpi->inter_tx_type_costs[ext_tx_set]
+                                    [txsize_sqr_map[mbmi->min_tx_size]]
+                                    [mbmi->tx_type];
+    } else {
+      if (ext_tx_set > 0 && ALLOW_INTRA_EXT_TX)
+        rd_stats->rate +=
+            cpi->intra_tx_type_costs[ext_tx_set][mbmi->min_tx_size][mbmi->mode]
+                                    [mbmi->tx_type];
+    }
+  }
+#else   // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  if (mbmi->min_tx_size < TX_32X32 && !xd->lossless[xd->mi[0]->mbmi.segment_id])
+    rd_stats->rate +=
+        cpi->inter_tx_type_costs[mbmi->min_tx_size][mbmi->tx_type];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+
+  if (rd_stats->skip)
+    rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, s1, rd_stats->sse);
+  else
+    rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rd_stats->rate + s0, rd_stats->dist);
+
+  if (is_inter && !xd->lossless[xd->mi[0]->mbmi.segment_id] &&
+      !(rd_stats->skip))
+    rd = AOMMIN(rd, RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, s1, rd_stats->sse));
+
+  return rd;
+}
+
+static void select_tx_type_yrd(const AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                               RD_STATS *rd_stats, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                               int64_t ref_best_rd) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *cm = &cpi->common;
+  const TX_SIZE max_tx_size = max_txsize_lookup[bsize];
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  int64_t rd = INT64_MAX;
+  int64_t best_rd = INT64_MAX;
+  TX_TYPE tx_type, best_tx_type = DCT_DCT;
+  const int is_inter = is_inter_block(mbmi);
+  TX_SIZE best_tx_size[MAX_MIB_SIZE][MAX_MIB_SIZE];
+  TX_SIZE best_tx = max_txsize_lookup[bsize];
+  TX_SIZE best_min_tx_size = TX_SIZES_ALL;
+  uint8_t best_blk_skip[MAX_MIB_SIZE * MAX_MIB_SIZE * 8];
+  const int n4 = bsize_to_num_blk(bsize);
+  int idx, idy;
+  int prune = 0;
+  const int count32 =
+      1 << (2 * (cm->mib_size_log2 - mi_width_log2_lookup[BLOCK_32X32]));
+#if CONFIG_EXT_PARTITION
+  RD_STATS rd_stats_stack[16];
+#else
+  RD_STATS rd_stats_stack[4];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_PARTITION
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+  const int ext_tx_set =
+      get_ext_tx_set(max_tx_size, bsize, is_inter, cm->reduced_tx_set_used);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+
+  if (is_inter && cpi->sf.tx_type_search.prune_mode > NO_PRUNE)
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+    prune = prune_tx_types(cpi, bsize, x, xd, ext_tx_set);
+#else
+    prune = prune_tx_types(cpi, bsize, x, xd, 0);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+
+  av1_invalid_rd_stats(rd_stats);
+
+  for (idx = 0; idx < count32; ++idx)
+    av1_invalid_rd_stats(&rd_stats_stack[idx]);
+
+  for (tx_type = DCT_DCT; tx_type < TX_TYPES; ++tx_type) {
+    RD_STATS this_rd_stats;
+    av1_init_rd_stats(&this_rd_stats);
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+    if (is_inter) {
+      if (!ext_tx_used_inter[ext_tx_set][tx_type]) continue;
+      if (cpi->sf.tx_type_search.prune_mode > NO_PRUNE) {
+        if (!do_tx_type_search(tx_type, prune)) continue;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (!ALLOW_INTRA_EXT_TX && bsize >= BLOCK_8X8) {
+        if (tx_type != intra_mode_to_tx_type_context[mbmi->mode]) continue;
+      }
+      if (!ext_tx_used_intra[ext_tx_set][tx_type]) continue;
+    }
+#else   // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+    if (is_inter && cpi->sf.tx_type_search.prune_mode > NO_PRUNE &&
+        !do_tx_type_search(tx_type, prune))
+      continue;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+    if (is_inter && x->use_default_inter_tx_type &&
+        tx_type != get_default_tx_type(0, xd, 0, max_tx_size))
+      continue;
+
+    if (xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id])
+      if (tx_type != DCT_DCT) continue;
+
+    rd = select_tx_size_fix_type(cpi, x, &this_rd_stats, bsize, ref_best_rd,
+                                 tx_type, rd_stats_stack);
+
+    if (rd < best_rd) {
+      best_rd = rd;
+      *rd_stats = this_rd_stats;
+      best_tx_type = mbmi->tx_type;
+      best_tx = mbmi->tx_size;
+      best_min_tx_size = mbmi->min_tx_size;
+      memcpy(best_blk_skip, x->blk_skip[0], sizeof(best_blk_skip[0]) * n4);
+      for (idy = 0; idy < xd->n8_h; ++idy)
+        for (idx = 0; idx < xd->n8_w; ++idx)
+          best_tx_size[idy][idx] = mbmi->inter_tx_size[idy][idx];
+    }
+  }
+
+  mbmi->tx_type = best_tx_type;
+  for (idy = 0; idy < xd->n8_h; ++idy)
+    for (idx = 0; idx < xd->n8_w; ++idx)
+      mbmi->inter_tx_size[idy][idx] = best_tx_size[idy][idx];
+  mbmi->tx_size = best_tx;
+  mbmi->min_tx_size = best_min_tx_size;
+  memcpy(x->blk_skip[0], best_blk_skip, sizeof(best_blk_skip[0]) * n4);
+}
+
+static void tx_block_rd(const AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, int blk_row,
+                        int blk_col, int plane, int block, TX_SIZE tx_size,
+                        BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize, ENTROPY_CONTEXT *above_ctx,
+                        ENTROPY_CONTEXT *left_ctx, RD_STATS *rd_stats) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[plane];
+  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[plane];
+  BLOCK_SIZE bsize = txsize_to_bsize[tx_size];
+  const int tx_row = blk_row >> (1 - pd->subsampling_y);
+  const int tx_col = blk_col >> (1 - pd->subsampling_x);
+  TX_SIZE plane_tx_size;
+  const int max_blocks_high = max_block_high(xd, plane_bsize, plane);
+  const int max_blocks_wide = max_block_wide(xd, plane_bsize, plane);
+
+  assert(tx_size < TX_SIZES_ALL);
+
+  if (blk_row >= max_blocks_high || blk_col >= max_blocks_wide) return;
+
+  plane_tx_size =
+      plane ? uv_txsize_lookup[bsize][mbmi->inter_tx_size[tx_row][tx_col]][0][0]
+            : mbmi->inter_tx_size[tx_row][tx_col];
+
+  if (tx_size == plane_tx_size) {
+    int i;
+    ENTROPY_CONTEXT *ta = above_ctx + blk_col;
+    ENTROPY_CONTEXT *tl = left_ctx + blk_row;
+    av1_tx_block_rd_b(cpi, x, tx_size, blk_row, blk_col, plane, block,
+                      plane_bsize, ta, tl, rd_stats);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < tx_size_wide_unit[tx_size]; ++i)
+      ta[i] = !(p->eobs[block] == 0);
+    for (i = 0; i < tx_size_high_unit[tx_size]; ++i)
+      tl[i] = !(p->eobs[block] == 0);
+  } else {
+    const TX_SIZE sub_txs = sub_tx_size_map[tx_size];
+    const int bsl = tx_size_wide_unit[sub_txs];
+    int step = tx_size_wide_unit[sub_txs] * tx_size_high_unit[sub_txs];
+    int i;
+
+    assert(bsl > 0);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+      int offsetr = blk_row + (i >> 1) * bsl;
+      int offsetc = blk_col + (i & 0x01) * bsl;
+
+      if (offsetr >= max_blocks_high || offsetc >= max_blocks_wide) continue;
+
+      tx_block_rd(cpi, x, offsetr, offsetc, plane, block, sub_txs, plane_bsize,
+                  above_ctx, left_ctx, rd_stats);
+      block += step;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Return value 0: early termination triggered, no valid rd cost available;
+//              1: rd cost values are valid.
+static int inter_block_uvrd(const AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                            RD_STATS *rd_stats, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                            int64_t ref_best_rd) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  int plane;
+  int is_cost_valid = 1;
+  int64_t this_rd;
+
+  if (ref_best_rd < 0) is_cost_valid = 0;
+
+  av1_init_rd_stats(rd_stats);
+
+#if CONFIG_CB4X4 && !CONFIG_CHROMA_2X2
+  if (x->skip_chroma_rd) return is_cost_valid;
+  bsize = AOMMAX(BLOCK_8X8, bsize);
+#endif  // CONFIG_CB4X4 && !CONFIG_CHROMA_2X2
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
+  if (is_rect_tx(mbmi->tx_size)) {
+    return super_block_uvrd(cpi, x, rd_stats, bsize, ref_best_rd);
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
+
+  if (is_inter_block(mbmi) && is_cost_valid) {
+    for (plane = 1; plane < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++plane)
+      av1_subtract_plane(x, bsize, plane);
+  }
+
+  for (plane = 1; plane < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++plane) {
+    const struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[plane];
+    const BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize = get_plane_block_size(bsize, pd);
+    const int mi_width = block_size_wide[plane_bsize] >> tx_size_wide_log2[0];
+    const int mi_height = block_size_high[plane_bsize] >> tx_size_high_log2[0];
+    const TX_SIZE max_tx_size = max_txsize_rect_lookup[plane_bsize];
+    const int bh = tx_size_high_unit[max_tx_size];
+    const int bw = tx_size_wide_unit[max_tx_size];
+    int idx, idy;
+    int block = 0;
+    const int step = bh * bw;
+    ENTROPY_CONTEXT ta[2 * MAX_MIB_SIZE];
+    ENTROPY_CONTEXT tl[2 * MAX_MIB_SIZE];
+    RD_STATS pn_rd_stats;
+    av1_init_rd_stats(&pn_rd_stats);
+
+    av1_get_entropy_contexts(bsize, 0, pd, ta, tl);
+
+    for (idy = 0; idy < mi_height; idy += bh) {
+      for (idx = 0; idx < mi_width; idx += bw) {
+        tx_block_rd(cpi, x, idy, idx, plane, block, max_tx_size, plane_bsize,
+                    ta, tl, &pn_rd_stats);
+        block += step;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (pn_rd_stats.rate == INT_MAX) {
+      is_cost_valid = 0;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    av1_merge_rd_stats(rd_stats, &pn_rd_stats);
+
+    this_rd =
+        AOMMIN(RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rd_stats->rate, rd_stats->dist),
+               RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, 0, rd_stats->sse));
+
+    if (this_rd > ref_best_rd) {
+      is_cost_valid = 0;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!is_cost_valid) {
+    // reset cost value
+    av1_invalid_rd_stats(rd_stats);
+  }
+
+  return is_cost_valid;
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+static void rd_pick_palette_intra_sbuv(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                       int dc_mode_cost,
+                                       uint8_t *best_palette_color_map,
+                                       MB_MODE_INFO *const best_mbmi,
+                                       int64_t *best_rd, int *rate,
+                                       int *rate_tokenonly, int64_t *distortion,
+                                       int *skippable) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  PALETTE_MODE_INFO *const pmi = &mbmi->palette_mode_info;
+  const BLOCK_SIZE bsize = mbmi->sb_type;
+  int this_rate;
+  int64_t this_rd;
+  int colors_u, colors_v, colors;
+  const int src_stride = x->plane[1].src.stride;
+  const uint8_t *const src_u = x->plane[1].src.buf;
+  const uint8_t *const src_v = x->plane[2].src.buf;
+  uint8_t *const color_map = xd->plane[1].color_index_map;
+  RD_STATS tokenonly_rd_stats;
+  int plane_block_width, plane_block_height, rows, cols;
+  av1_get_block_dimensions(bsize, 1, xd, &plane_block_width,
+                           &plane_block_height, &rows, &cols);
+  if (rows * cols > PALETTE_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE) return;
+
+  mbmi->uv_mode = DC_PRED;
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+  mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[1] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (cpi->common.use_highbitdepth) {
+    colors_u = av1_count_colors_highbd(src_u, src_stride, rows, cols,
+                                       cpi->common.bit_depth);
+    colors_v = av1_count_colors_highbd(src_v, src_stride, rows, cols,
+                                       cpi->common.bit_depth);
+  } else {
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    colors_u = av1_count_colors(src_u, src_stride, rows, cols);
+    colors_v = av1_count_colors(src_v, src_stride, rows, cols);
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+  colors = colors_u > colors_v ? colors_u : colors_v;
+  if (colors > 1 && colors <= 64) {
+    int r, c, n, i, j;
+    const int max_itr = 50;
+    uint8_t color_order[PALETTE_MAX_SIZE];
+    float lb_u, ub_u, val_u;
+    float lb_v, ub_v, val_v;
+    float *const data = x->palette_buffer->kmeans_data_buf;
+    float centroids[2 * PALETTE_MAX_SIZE];
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    uint16_t *src_u16 = CONVERT_TO_SHORTPTR(src_u);
+    uint16_t *src_v16 = CONVERT_TO_SHORTPTR(src_v);
+    if (cpi->common.use_highbitdepth) {
+      lb_u = src_u16[0];
+      ub_u = src_u16[0];
+      lb_v = src_v16[0];
+      ub_v = src_v16[0];
+    } else {
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      lb_u = src_u[0];
+      ub_u = src_u[0];
+      lb_v = src_v[0];
+      ub_v = src_v[0];
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+    for (r = 0; r < rows; ++r) {
+      for (c = 0; c < cols; ++c) {
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+        if (cpi->common.use_highbitdepth) {
+          val_u = src_u16[r * src_stride + c];
+          val_v = src_v16[r * src_stride + c];
+          data[(r * cols + c) * 2] = val_u;
+          data[(r * cols + c) * 2 + 1] = val_v;
+        } else {
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+          val_u = src_u[r * src_stride + c];
+          val_v = src_v[r * src_stride + c];
+          data[(r * cols + c) * 2] = val_u;
+          data[(r * cols + c) * 2 + 1] = val_v;
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+        }
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+        if (val_u < lb_u)
+          lb_u = val_u;
+        else if (val_u > ub_u)
+          ub_u = val_u;
+        if (val_v < lb_v)
+          lb_v = val_v;
+        else if (val_v > ub_v)
+          ub_v = val_v;
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (n = colors > PALETTE_MAX_SIZE ? PALETTE_MAX_SIZE : colors; n >= 2;
+         --n) {
+      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        centroids[i * 2] = lb_u + (2 * i + 1) * (ub_u - lb_u) / n / 2;
+        centroids[i * 2 + 1] = lb_v + (2 * i + 1) * (ub_v - lb_v) / n / 2;
+      }
+      av1_k_means(data, centroids, color_map, rows * cols, n, 2, max_itr);
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE_DELTA_ENCODING
+      // Sort the U channel colors in ascending order.
+      for (i = 0; i < 2 * (n - 1); i += 2) {
+        int min_idx = i;
+        float min_val = centroids[i];
+        for (j = i + 2; j < 2 * n; j += 2)
+          if (centroids[j] < min_val) min_val = centroids[j], min_idx = j;
+        if (min_idx != i) {
+          float temp_u = centroids[i], temp_v = centroids[i + 1];
+          centroids[i] = centroids[min_idx];
+          centroids[i + 1] = centroids[min_idx + 1];
+          centroids[min_idx] = temp_u, centroids[min_idx + 1] = temp_v;
+        }
+      }
+      av1_calc_indices(data, centroids, color_map, rows * cols, n, 2);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE_DELTA_ENCODING
+      extend_palette_color_map(color_map, cols, rows, plane_block_width,
+                               plane_block_height);
+      pmi->palette_size[1] = n;
+      for (i = 1; i < 3; ++i) {
+        for (j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+          if (cpi->common.use_highbitdepth)
+            pmi->palette_colors[i * PALETTE_MAX_SIZE + j] = clip_pixel_highbd(
+                (int)centroids[j * 2 + i - 1], cpi->common.bit_depth);
+          else
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+            pmi->palette_colors[i * PALETTE_MAX_SIZE + j] =
+                clip_pixel((int)centroids[j * 2 + i - 1]);
+        }
+      }
+
+      super_block_uvrd(cpi, x, &tokenonly_rd_stats, bsize, *best_rd);
+      if (tokenonly_rd_stats.rate == INT_MAX) continue;
+      this_rate =
+          tokenonly_rd_stats.rate + dc_mode_cost +
+          cpi->palette_uv_size_cost[bsize - BLOCK_8X8][n - PALETTE_MIN_SIZE] +
+          write_uniform_cost(n, color_map[0]) +
+          av1_cost_bit(
+              av1_default_palette_uv_mode_prob[pmi->palette_size[0] > 0], 1);
+      this_rate += av1_palette_color_cost_uv(pmi, cpi->common.bit_depth);
+      for (i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {
+        for (j = (i == 0 ? 1 : 0); j < cols; ++j) {
+          int color_idx;
+          const int color_ctx = av1_get_palette_color_index_context(
+              color_map, plane_block_width, i, j, n, color_order, &color_idx);
+          assert(color_idx >= 0 && color_idx < n);
+          this_rate += cpi->palette_uv_color_cost[n - PALETTE_MIN_SIZE]
+                                                 [color_ctx][color_idx];
+        }
+      }
+
+      this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, this_rate, tokenonly_rd_stats.dist);
+      if (this_rd < *best_rd) {
+        *best_rd = this_rd;
+        *best_mbmi = *mbmi;
+        memcpy(best_palette_color_map, color_map,
+               plane_block_width * plane_block_height *
+                   sizeof(best_palette_color_map[0]));
+        *rate = this_rate;
+        *distortion = tokenonly_rd_stats.dist;
+        *rate_tokenonly = tokenonly_rd_stats.rate;
+        *skippable = tokenonly_rd_stats.skip;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (best_mbmi->palette_mode_info.palette_size[1] > 0) {
+    memcpy(color_map, best_palette_color_map,
+           rows * cols * sizeof(best_palette_color_map[0]));
+  }
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+// Return 1 if an filter intra mode is selected; return 0 otherwise.
+static int rd_pick_filter_intra_sbuv(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                     int *rate, int *rate_tokenonly,
+                                     int64_t *distortion, int *skippable,
+                                     BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int64_t *best_rd) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  int filter_intra_selected_flag = 0;
+  int this_rate;
+  int64_t this_rd;
+  FILTER_INTRA_MODE mode;
+  FILTER_INTRA_MODE_INFO filter_intra_mode_info;
+  RD_STATS tokenonly_rd_stats;
+
+  av1_zero(filter_intra_mode_info);
+  mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[1] = 1;
+  mbmi->uv_mode = DC_PRED;
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  mbmi->palette_mode_info.palette_size[1] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+  for (mode = 0; mode < FILTER_INTRA_MODES; ++mode) {
+    mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.filter_intra_mode[1] = mode;
+    if (!super_block_uvrd(cpi, x, &tokenonly_rd_stats, bsize, *best_rd))
+      continue;
+
+    this_rate = tokenonly_rd_stats.rate +
+                av1_cost_bit(cpi->common.fc->filter_intra_probs[1], 1) +
+                cpi->intra_uv_mode_cost[mbmi->mode][mbmi->uv_mode] +
+                write_uniform_cost(FILTER_INTRA_MODES, mode);
+    this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, this_rate, tokenonly_rd_stats.dist);
+    if (this_rd < *best_rd) {
+      *best_rd = this_rd;
+      *rate = this_rate;
+      *rate_tokenonly = tokenonly_rd_stats.rate;
+      *distortion = tokenonly_rd_stats.dist;
+      *skippable = tokenonly_rd_stats.skip;
+      filter_intra_mode_info = mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info;
+      filter_intra_selected_flag = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (filter_intra_selected_flag) {
+    mbmi->uv_mode = DC_PRED;
+    mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[1] =
+        filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[1];
+    mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.filter_intra_mode[1] =
+        filter_intra_mode_info.filter_intra_mode[1];
+    return 1;
+  } else {
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+// Run RD calculation with given chroma intra prediction angle., and return
+// the RD cost. Update the best mode info. if the RD cost is the best so far.
+static int64_t pick_intra_angle_routine_sbuv(
+    const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+    int rate_overhead, int64_t best_rd_in, int *rate, RD_STATS *rd_stats,
+    int *best_angle_delta, int64_t *best_rd) {
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &x->e_mbd.mi[0]->mbmi;
+  int this_rate;
+  int64_t this_rd;
+  RD_STATS tokenonly_rd_stats;
+
+  if (!super_block_uvrd(cpi, x, &tokenonly_rd_stats, bsize, best_rd_in))
+    return INT64_MAX;
+  this_rate = tokenonly_rd_stats.rate + rate_overhead;
+  this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, this_rate, tokenonly_rd_stats.dist);
+  if (this_rd < *best_rd) {
+    *best_rd = this_rd;
+    *best_angle_delta = mbmi->angle_delta[1];
+    *rate = this_rate;
+    rd_stats->rate = tokenonly_rd_stats.rate;
+    rd_stats->dist = tokenonly_rd_stats.dist;
+    rd_stats->skip = tokenonly_rd_stats.skip;
+  }
+  return this_rd;
+}
+
+// With given chroma directional intra prediction mode, pick the best angle
+// delta. Return true if a RD cost that is smaller than the input one is found.
+static int rd_pick_intra_angle_sbuv(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                    BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int rate_overhead,
+                                    int64_t best_rd, int *rate,
+                                    RD_STATS *rd_stats) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  int i, angle_delta, best_angle_delta = 0;
+  int64_t this_rd, best_rd_in, rd_cost[2 * (MAX_ANGLE_DELTA + 2)];
+
+  rd_stats->rate = INT_MAX;
+  rd_stats->skip = 0;
+  rd_stats->dist = INT64_MAX;
+  for (i = 0; i < 2 * (MAX_ANGLE_DELTA + 2); ++i) rd_cost[i] = INT64_MAX;
+
+  for (angle_delta = 0; angle_delta <= MAX_ANGLE_DELTA; angle_delta += 2) {
+    for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      best_rd_in = (best_rd == INT64_MAX)
+                       ? INT64_MAX
+                       : (best_rd + (best_rd >> ((angle_delta == 0) ? 3 : 5)));
+      mbmi->angle_delta[1] = (1 - 2 * i) * angle_delta;
+      this_rd = pick_intra_angle_routine_sbuv(cpi, x, bsize, rate_overhead,
+                                              best_rd_in, rate, rd_stats,
+                                              &best_angle_delta, &best_rd);
+      rd_cost[2 * angle_delta + i] = this_rd;
+      if (angle_delta == 0) {
+        if (this_rd == INT64_MAX) return 0;
+        rd_cost[1] = this_rd;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  assert(best_rd != INT64_MAX);
+  for (angle_delta = 1; angle_delta <= MAX_ANGLE_DELTA; angle_delta += 2) {
+    int64_t rd_thresh;
+    for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      int skip_search = 0;
+      rd_thresh = best_rd + (best_rd >> 5);
+      if (rd_cost[2 * (angle_delta + 1) + i] > rd_thresh &&
+          rd_cost[2 * (angle_delta - 1) + i] > rd_thresh)
+        skip_search = 1;
+      if (!skip_search) {
+        mbmi->angle_delta[1] = (1 - 2 * i) * angle_delta;
+        pick_intra_angle_routine_sbuv(cpi, x, bsize, rate_overhead, best_rd,
+                                      rate, rd_stats, &best_angle_delta,
+                                      &best_rd);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  mbmi->angle_delta[1] = best_angle_delta;
+  return rd_stats->rate != INT_MAX;
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+
+static int64_t rd_pick_intra_sbuv_mode(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                       int *rate, int *rate_tokenonly,
+                                       int64_t *distortion, int *skippable,
+                                       BLOCK_SIZE bsize, TX_SIZE max_tx_size) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  MB_MODE_INFO best_mbmi = *mbmi;
+  PREDICTION_MODE mode;
+  int64_t best_rd = INT64_MAX, this_rd;
+  int this_rate;
+  RD_STATS tokenonly_rd_stats;
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+  od_rollback_buffer buf;
+  od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  PALETTE_MODE_INFO *const pmi = &mbmi->palette_mode_info;
+  uint8_t *best_palette_color_map = NULL;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+  mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[1] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  pmi->palette_size[1] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+  for (mode = DC_PRED; mode <= TM_PRED; ++mode) {
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+    const int is_directional_mode =
+        av1_is_directional_mode(mode, mbmi->sb_type);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+    if (!(cpi->sf.intra_uv_mode_mask[txsize_sqr_up_map[max_tx_size]] &
+          (1 << mode)))
+      continue;
+
+    mbmi->uv_mode = mode;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+    mbmi->angle_delta[1] = 0;
+    if (is_directional_mode) {
+      const int rate_overhead = cpi->intra_uv_mode_cost[mbmi->mode][mode] +
+                                write_uniform_cost(2 * MAX_ANGLE_DELTA + 1, 0);
+      if (!rd_pick_intra_angle_sbuv(cpi, x, bsize, rate_overhead, best_rd,
+                                    &this_rate, &tokenonly_rd_stats))
+        continue;
+    } else {
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+      if (!super_block_uvrd(cpi, x, &tokenonly_rd_stats, bsize, best_rd)) {
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+        od_encode_rollback(&x->daala_enc, &buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+        continue;
+      }
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+    this_rate =
+        tokenonly_rd_stats.rate + cpi->intra_uv_mode_cost[mbmi->mode][mode];
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+    if (is_directional_mode) {
+      this_rate += write_uniform_cost(2 * MAX_ANGLE_DELTA + 1,
+                                      MAX_ANGLE_DELTA + mbmi->angle_delta[1]);
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+    if (mbmi->sb_type >= BLOCK_8X8 && mode == DC_PRED)
+      this_rate += av1_cost_bit(cpi->common.fc->filter_intra_probs[1], 0);
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+    if (cpi->common.allow_screen_content_tools && mbmi->sb_type >= BLOCK_8X8 &&
+        mode == DC_PRED)
+      this_rate += av1_cost_bit(
+          av1_default_palette_uv_mode_prob[pmi->palette_size[0] > 0], 0);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+    od_encode_rollback(&x->daala_enc, &buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+    this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, this_rate, tokenonly_rd_stats.dist);
+
+    if (this_rd < best_rd) {
+      best_mbmi = *mbmi;
+      best_rd = this_rd;
+      *rate = this_rate;
+      *rate_tokenonly = tokenonly_rd_stats.rate;
+      *distortion = tokenonly_rd_stats.dist;
+      *skippable = tokenonly_rd_stats.skip;
+    }
+  }
+
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  if (cpi->common.allow_screen_content_tools && mbmi->sb_type >= BLOCK_8X8) {
+    best_palette_color_map = x->palette_buffer->best_palette_color_map;
+    rd_pick_palette_intra_sbuv(cpi, x,
+                               cpi->intra_uv_mode_cost[mbmi->mode][DC_PRED],
+                               best_palette_color_map, &best_mbmi, &best_rd,
+                               rate, rate_tokenonly, distortion, skippable);
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+  if (mbmi->sb_type >= BLOCK_8X8) {
+    if (rd_pick_filter_intra_sbuv(cpi, x, rate, rate_tokenonly, distortion,
+                                  skippable, bsize, &best_rd))
+      best_mbmi = *mbmi;
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+
+  *mbmi = best_mbmi;
+  // Make sure we actually chose a mode
+  assert(best_rd < INT64_MAX);
+  return best_rd;
+}
+
+static void choose_intra_uv_mode(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *const x,
+                                 PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                                 TX_SIZE max_tx_size, int *rate_uv,
+                                 int *rate_uv_tokenonly, int64_t *dist_uv,
+                                 int *skip_uv, PREDICTION_MODE *mode_uv) {
+  // Use an estimated rd for uv_intra based on DC_PRED if the
+  // appropriate speed flag is set.
+  (void)ctx;
+#if CONFIG_CB4X4
+#if CONFIG_CHROMA_2X2
+  rd_pick_intra_sbuv_mode(cpi, x, rate_uv, rate_uv_tokenonly, dist_uv, skip_uv,
+                          bsize, max_tx_size);
+#else
+  max_tx_size = AOMMAX(max_tx_size, TX_4X4);
+  if (x->skip_chroma_rd) {
+    *rate_uv = 0;
+    *rate_uv_tokenonly = 0;
+    *dist_uv = 0;
+    *skip_uv = 1;
+    *mode_uv = DC_PRED;
+    return;
+  }
+  BLOCK_SIZE bs = scale_chroma_bsize(bsize, x->e_mbd.plane[1].subsampling_x,
+                                     x->e_mbd.plane[1].subsampling_y);
+  rd_pick_intra_sbuv_mode(cpi, x, rate_uv, rate_uv_tokenonly, dist_uv, skip_uv,
+                          bs, max_tx_size);
+#endif  // CONFIG_CHROMA_2X2
+#else
+  rd_pick_intra_sbuv_mode(cpi, x, rate_uv, rate_uv_tokenonly, dist_uv, skip_uv,
+                          bsize < BLOCK_8X8 ? BLOCK_8X8 : bsize, max_tx_size);
+#endif  // CONFIG_CB4X4
+  *mode_uv = x->e_mbd.mi[0]->mbmi.uv_mode;
+}
+
+static int cost_mv_ref(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, PREDICTION_MODE mode,
+                       int16_t mode_context) {
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  if (is_inter_compound_mode(mode)) {
+    return cpi
+        ->inter_compound_mode_cost[mode_context][INTER_COMPOUND_OFFSET(mode)];
+  }
+#endif
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+  int mode_cost = 0;
+  int16_t mode_ctx = mode_context & NEWMV_CTX_MASK;
+  int16_t is_all_zero_mv = mode_context & (1 << ALL_ZERO_FLAG_OFFSET);
+
+  assert(is_inter_mode(mode));
+
+  if (mode == NEWMV) {
+    mode_cost = cpi->newmv_mode_cost[mode_ctx][0];
+    return mode_cost;
+  } else {
+    mode_cost = cpi->newmv_mode_cost[mode_ctx][1];
+    mode_ctx = (mode_context >> ZEROMV_OFFSET) & ZEROMV_CTX_MASK;
+
+    if (is_all_zero_mv) return mode_cost;
+
+    if (mode == ZEROMV) {
+      mode_cost += cpi->zeromv_mode_cost[mode_ctx][0];
+      return mode_cost;
+    } else {
+      mode_cost += cpi->zeromv_mode_cost[mode_ctx][1];
+      mode_ctx = (mode_context >> REFMV_OFFSET) & REFMV_CTX_MASK;
+
+      if (mode_context & (1 << SKIP_NEARESTMV_OFFSET)) mode_ctx = 6;
+      if (mode_context & (1 << SKIP_NEARMV_OFFSET)) mode_ctx = 7;
+      if (mode_context & (1 << SKIP_NEARESTMV_SUB8X8_OFFSET)) mode_ctx = 8;
+
+      mode_cost += cpi->refmv_mode_cost[mode_ctx][mode != NEARESTMV];
+      return mode_cost;
+    }
+  }
+#else
+  assert(is_inter_mode(mode));
+  return cpi->inter_mode_cost[mode_context][INTER_OFFSET(mode)];
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+static int get_interinter_compound_type_bits(BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                                             COMPOUND_TYPE comp_type) {
+  (void)bsize;
+  switch (comp_type) {
+    case COMPOUND_AVERAGE: return 0;
+#if CONFIG_WEDGE
+    case COMPOUND_WEDGE: return get_interinter_wedge_bits(bsize);
+#endif  // CONFIG_WEDGE
+#if CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT
+    case COMPOUND_SEG: return 1;
+#endif  // CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT
+    default: assert(0); return 0;
+  }
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+static int set_and_cost_bmi_mvs(
+    const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, MACROBLOCKD *xd, int i,
+    PREDICTION_MODE mode, int_mv this_mv[2],
+    int_mv frame_mv[MB_MODE_COUNT][TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME],
+    int_mv seg_mvs[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME],
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    int_mv compound_seg_newmvs[2],
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    int_mv *best_ref_mv[2], const int *mvjcost, int *mvcost[2], int mi_row,
+    int mi_col) {
+  MODE_INFO *const mic = xd->mi[0];
+  const MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &mic->mbmi;
+  const MB_MODE_INFO_EXT *const mbmi_ext = x->mbmi_ext;
+  int thismvcost = 0;
+  int idx, idy;
+  const int num_4x4_blocks_wide = num_4x4_blocks_wide_lookup[mbmi->sb_type];
+  const int num_4x4_blocks_high = num_4x4_blocks_high_lookup[mbmi->sb_type];
+  const int is_compound = has_second_ref(mbmi);
+  int mode_ctx;
+  (void)mi_row;
+  (void)mi_col;
+
+  switch (mode) {
+    case NEWMV: this_mv[0].as_int = seg_mvs[mbmi->ref_frame[0]].as_int;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      if (!cpi->common.allow_high_precision_mv)
+        lower_mv_precision(&this_mv[0].as_mv, 0);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+      for (idx = 0; idx < 1 + is_compound; ++idx) {
+        this_mv[idx] = seg_mvs[mbmi->ref_frame[idx]];
+        av1_set_mvcost(x, mbmi->ref_frame[idx], idx, mbmi->ref_mv_idx);
+        thismvcost +=
+            av1_mv_bit_cost(&this_mv[idx].as_mv, &best_ref_mv[idx]->as_mv,
+                            x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost, MV_COST_WEIGHT_SUB);
+      }
+      (void)mvjcost;
+      (void)mvcost;
+#else
+      thismvcost += av1_mv_bit_cost(&this_mv[0].as_mv, &best_ref_mv[0]->as_mv,
+                                    mvjcost, mvcost, MV_COST_WEIGHT_SUB);
+#if !CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      if (is_compound) {
+        this_mv[1].as_int = seg_mvs[mbmi->ref_frame[1]].as_int;
+        thismvcost += av1_mv_bit_cost(&this_mv[1].as_mv, &best_ref_mv[1]->as_mv,
+                                      mvjcost, mvcost, MV_COST_WEIGHT_SUB);
+      }
+#endif  // !CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+      break;
+    case NEARMV:
+    case NEARESTMV:
+      this_mv[0].as_int = frame_mv[mode][mbmi->ref_frame[0]].as_int;
+      if (is_compound)
+        this_mv[1].as_int = frame_mv[mode][mbmi->ref_frame[1]].as_int;
+      break;
+    case ZEROMV: {
+      int ref;
+      for (ref = 0; ref < 1 + is_compound; ++ref) {
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+        this_mv[ref].as_int =
+            gm_get_motion_vector(
+                &cpi->common.global_motion[mbmi->ref_frame[ref]],
+                cpi->common.allow_high_precision_mv, mbmi->sb_type, mi_col,
+                mi_row, i)
+                .as_int;
+#else
+        this_mv[ref].as_int = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    case NEW_NEWMV:
+      if (compound_seg_newmvs[0].as_int == INVALID_MV ||
+          compound_seg_newmvs[1].as_int == INVALID_MV) {
+        this_mv[0].as_int = seg_mvs[mbmi->ref_frame[0]].as_int;
+        this_mv[1].as_int = seg_mvs[mbmi->ref_frame[1]].as_int;
+      } else {
+        this_mv[0].as_int = compound_seg_newmvs[0].as_int;
+        this_mv[1].as_int = compound_seg_newmvs[1].as_int;
+      }
+      if (!cpi->common.allow_high_precision_mv)
+        lower_mv_precision(&this_mv[0].as_mv, 0);
+      if (!cpi->common.allow_high_precision_mv)
+        lower_mv_precision(&this_mv[1].as_mv, 0);
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+      av1_set_mvcost(x, mbmi->ref_frame[0], 0, mbmi->ref_mv_idx);
+#endif
+      thismvcost += av1_mv_bit_cost(&this_mv[0].as_mv, &best_ref_mv[0]->as_mv,
+                                    mvjcost, mvcost, MV_COST_WEIGHT_SUB);
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+      av1_set_mvcost(x, mbmi->ref_frame[1], 1, mbmi->ref_mv_idx);
+#endif
+      thismvcost += av1_mv_bit_cost(&this_mv[1].as_mv, &best_ref_mv[1]->as_mv,
+                                    mvjcost, mvcost, MV_COST_WEIGHT_SUB);
+      break;
+    case NEW_NEARMV:
+    case NEW_NEARESTMV:
+      this_mv[0].as_int = seg_mvs[mbmi->ref_frame[0]].as_int;
+      if (!cpi->common.allow_high_precision_mv)
+        lower_mv_precision(&this_mv[0].as_mv, 0);
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+      av1_set_mvcost(x, mbmi->ref_frame[0], 0, mbmi->ref_mv_idx);
+#endif
+      thismvcost += av1_mv_bit_cost(&this_mv[0].as_mv, &best_ref_mv[0]->as_mv,
+                                    mvjcost, mvcost, MV_COST_WEIGHT_SUB);
+      this_mv[1].as_int = frame_mv[mode][mbmi->ref_frame[1]].as_int;
+      break;
+    case NEAR_NEWMV:
+    case NEAREST_NEWMV:
+      this_mv[0].as_int = frame_mv[mode][mbmi->ref_frame[0]].as_int;
+      this_mv[1].as_int = seg_mvs[mbmi->ref_frame[1]].as_int;
+      if (!cpi->common.allow_high_precision_mv)
+        lower_mv_precision(&this_mv[1].as_mv, 0);
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+      av1_set_mvcost(x, mbmi->ref_frame[1], 1, mbmi->ref_mv_idx);
+#endif
+      thismvcost += av1_mv_bit_cost(&this_mv[1].as_mv, &best_ref_mv[1]->as_mv,
+                                    mvjcost, mvcost, MV_COST_WEIGHT_SUB);
+      break;
+    case NEAREST_NEARMV:
+    case NEAR_NEARESTMV:
+    case NEAREST_NEARESTMV:
+    case NEAR_NEARMV:
+      this_mv[0].as_int = frame_mv[mode][mbmi->ref_frame[0]].as_int;
+      this_mv[1].as_int = frame_mv[mode][mbmi->ref_frame[1]].as_int;
+      break;
+    case ZERO_ZEROMV:
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+      this_mv[0].as_int =
+          gm_get_motion_vector(&cpi->common.global_motion[mbmi->ref_frame[0]],
+                               cpi->common.allow_high_precision_mv,
+                               mbmi->sb_type, mi_col, mi_row, i)
+              .as_int;
+      this_mv[1].as_int =
+          gm_get_motion_vector(&cpi->common.global_motion[mbmi->ref_frame[1]],
+                               cpi->common.allow_high_precision_mv,
+                               mbmi->sb_type, mi_col, mi_row, i)
+              .as_int;
+#else
+      this_mv[0].as_int = 0;
+      this_mv[1].as_int = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+      break;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    default: break;
+  }
+
+  mic->bmi[i].as_mv[0].as_int = this_mv[0].as_int;
+  if (is_compound) mic->bmi[i].as_mv[1].as_int = this_mv[1].as_int;
+
+  mic->bmi[i].as_mode = mode;
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+  if (mode == NEWMV) {
+    mic->bmi[i].pred_mv[0].as_int =
+        mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[mbmi->ref_frame[0]][0].as_int;
+    if (is_compound)
+      mic->bmi[i].pred_mv[1].as_int =
+          mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[mbmi->ref_frame[1]][0].as_int;
+  } else {
+    mic->bmi[i].pred_mv[0].as_int = this_mv[0].as_int;
+    if (is_compound) mic->bmi[i].pred_mv[1].as_int = this_mv[1].as_int;
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+
+  for (idy = 0; idy < num_4x4_blocks_high; ++idy)
+    for (idx = 0; idx < num_4x4_blocks_wide; ++idx)
+      memmove(&mic->bmi[i + idy * 2 + idx], &mic->bmi[i], sizeof(mic->bmi[i]));
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  if (is_compound)
+    mode_ctx = mbmi_ext->compound_mode_context[mbmi->ref_frame[0]];
+  else
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    mode_ctx = av1_mode_context_analyzer(mbmi_ext->mode_context,
+                                         mbmi->ref_frame, mbmi->sb_type, i);
+#else  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+  mode_ctx = mbmi_ext->mode_context[mbmi->ref_frame[0]];
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+  return cost_mv_ref(cpi, mode, mode_ctx) + thismvcost;
+}
+
+static int64_t encode_inter_mb_segment_sub8x8(
+    const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, int64_t best_yrd, int i,
+    int *labelyrate, int64_t *distortion, int64_t *sse, ENTROPY_CONTEXT *ta,
+    ENTROPY_CONTEXT *tl, int ir, int ic, int mi_row, int mi_col) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[0];
+  struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[0];
+  MODE_INFO *const mi = xd->mi[0];
+  const BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize = get_plane_block_size(mi->mbmi.sb_type, pd);
+  const int txb_width = max_block_wide(xd, plane_bsize, 0);
+  const int txb_height = max_block_high(xd, plane_bsize, 0);
+  const int width = block_size_wide[plane_bsize];
+  const int height = block_size_high[plane_bsize];
+  int idx, idy;
+  const uint8_t *const src =
+      &p->src.buf[av1_raster_block_offset(BLOCK_8X8, i, p->src.stride)];
+  uint8_t *const dst =
+      &pd->dst.buf[av1_raster_block_offset(BLOCK_8X8, i, pd->dst.stride)];
+  int64_t thisdistortion = 0, thissse = 0;
+  int thisrate = 0;
+  TX_SIZE tx_size = mi->mbmi.tx_size;
+  TX_TYPE tx_type = get_tx_type(PLANE_TYPE_Y, xd, i, tx_size);
+  const int num_4x4_w = tx_size_wide_unit[tx_size];
+  const int num_4x4_h = tx_size_high_unit[tx_size];
+#if !CONFIG_PVQ
+  const SCAN_ORDER *scan_order = get_scan(cm, tx_size, tx_type, 1);
+#else
+  (void)cpi;
+  (void)ta;
+  (void)tl;
+  (void)tx_type;
+#endif  // !CONFIG_PVQ
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
+  assert(IMPLIES(xd->lossless[mi->mbmi.segment_id], tx_size == TX_4X4));
+  assert(IMPLIES(!xd->lossless[mi->mbmi.segment_id],
+                 tx_size == max_txsize_rect_lookup[mi->mbmi.sb_type]));
+#else
+  assert(tx_size == TX_4X4);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
+
+  assert(tx_type == DCT_DCT);
+
+  av1_build_inter_predictor_sub8x8(xd, 0, i, ir, ic, mi_row, mi_col);
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+    aom_highbd_subtract_block(
+        height, width, av1_raster_block_offset_int16(BLOCK_8X8, i, p->src_diff),
+        8, src, p->src.stride, dst, pd->dst.stride, xd->bd);
+  } else {
+    aom_subtract_block(height, width,
+                       av1_raster_block_offset_int16(BLOCK_8X8, i, p->src_diff),
+                       8, src, p->src.stride, dst, pd->dst.stride);
+  }
+#else
+  aom_subtract_block(height, width,
+                     av1_raster_block_offset_int16(BLOCK_8X8, i, p->src_diff),
+                     8, src, p->src.stride, dst, pd->dst.stride);
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+  for (idy = 0; idy < txb_height; idy += num_4x4_h) {
+    for (idx = 0; idx < txb_width; idx += num_4x4_w) {
+      int64_t dist, ssz, rd, rd1, rd2;
+      int coeff_ctx;
+      const int k = i + (idy * 2 + idx);
+      const int block = av1_raster_order_to_block_index(tx_size, k);
+      assert(IMPLIES(tx_size == TX_4X8 || tx_size == TX_8X4,
+                     idx == 0 && idy == 0));
+      coeff_ctx = combine_entropy_contexts(*(ta + (k & 1)), *(tl + (k >> 1)));
+      av1_xform_quant(cm, x, 0, block, idy + (i >> 1), idx + (i & 0x01),
+                      BLOCK_8X8, tx_size, coeff_ctx, AV1_XFORM_QUANT_FP);
+      if (xd->lossless[xd->mi[0]->mbmi.segment_id] == 0)
+        av1_optimize_b(cm, x, 0, block, tx_size, coeff_ctx);
+      av1_dist_block(cpi, x, 0, BLOCK_8X8, block, idy + (i >> 1),
+                     idx + (i & 0x1), tx_size, &dist, &ssz,
+                     OUTPUT_HAS_PREDICTED_PIXELS);
+      thisdistortion += dist;
+      thissse += ssz;
+#if !CONFIG_PVQ
+      thisrate +=
+          av1_cost_coeffs(cpi, x, 0, block, tx_size, scan_order, (ta + (k & 1)),
+                          (tl + (k >> 1)), cpi->sf.use_fast_coef_costing);
+      *(ta + (k & 1)) = !(p->eobs[block] == 0);
+      *(tl + (k >> 1)) = !(p->eobs[block] == 0);
+#else
+      thisrate += x->rate;
+#endif  // !CONFIG_PVQ
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+      if (tx_size == TX_8X4) {
+        *(ta + (k & 1) + 1) = *(ta + (k & 1));
+      }
+      if (tx_size == TX_4X8) {
+        *(tl + (k >> 1) + 1) = *(tl + (k >> 1));
+      }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+      rd1 = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, thisrate, thisdistortion);
+      rd2 = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, 0, thissse);
+      rd = AOMMIN(rd1, rd2);
+      if (rd >= best_yrd) return INT64_MAX;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *distortion = thisdistortion;
+  *labelyrate = thisrate;
+  *sse = thissse;
+
+  return RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, *labelyrate, *distortion);
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  int eobs;
+  int brate;
+  int byrate;
+  int64_t bdist;
+  int64_t bsse;
+  int64_t brdcost;
+  int_mv mvs[2];
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+  int_mv pred_mv[2];
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  int_mv ref_mv[2];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+#if CONFIG_CB4X4
+  ENTROPY_CONTEXT ta[4];
+  ENTROPY_CONTEXT tl[4];
+#else
+  ENTROPY_CONTEXT ta[2];
+  ENTROPY_CONTEXT tl[2];
+#endif  // CONFIG_CB4X4
+} SEG_RDSTAT;
+
+typedef struct {
+  int_mv *ref_mv[2];
+  int_mv mvp;
+
+  int64_t segment_rd;
+  int r;
+  int64_t d;
+  int64_t sse;
+  int segment_yrate;
+  PREDICTION_MODE modes[4];
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  SEG_RDSTAT rdstat[4][INTER_MODES + INTER_COMPOUND_MODES];
+#else
+  SEG_RDSTAT rdstat[4][INTER_MODES];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  int mvthresh;
+} BEST_SEG_INFO;
+
+static INLINE int mv_check_bounds(const MvLimits *mv_limits, const MV *mv) {
+  return (mv->row >> 3) < mv_limits->row_min ||
+         (mv->row >> 3) > mv_limits->row_max ||
+         (mv->col >> 3) < mv_limits->col_min ||
+         (mv->col >> 3) > mv_limits->col_max;
+}
+
+static INLINE void mi_buf_shift(MACROBLOCK *x, int i) {
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &x->e_mbd.mi[0]->mbmi;
+  struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[0];
+  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &x->e_mbd.plane[0];
+
+  p->src.buf =
+      &p->src.buf[av1_raster_block_offset(BLOCK_8X8, i, p->src.stride)];
+  assert(((intptr_t)pd->pre[0].buf & 0x7) == 0);
+  pd->pre[0].buf =
+      &pd->pre[0].buf[av1_raster_block_offset(BLOCK_8X8, i, pd->pre[0].stride)];
+  if (has_second_ref(mbmi))
+    pd->pre[1].buf =
+        &pd->pre[1]
+             .buf[av1_raster_block_offset(BLOCK_8X8, i, pd->pre[1].stride)];
+}
+
+static INLINE void mi_buf_restore(MACROBLOCK *x, struct buf_2d orig_src,
+                                  struct buf_2d orig_pre[2]) {
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &x->e_mbd.mi[0]->mbmi;
+  x->plane[0].src = orig_src;
+  x->e_mbd.plane[0].pre[0] = orig_pre[0];
+  if (has_second_ref(mbmi)) x->e_mbd.plane[0].pre[1] = orig_pre[1];
+}
+
+// Check if NEARESTMV/NEARMV/ZEROMV is the cheapest way encode zero motion.
+// TODO(aconverse): Find out if this is still productive then clean up or remove
+static int check_best_zero_mv(
+    const AV1_COMP *const cpi, const int16_t mode_context[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME],
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV && CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    const int16_t compound_mode_context[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME],
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV && CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    int_mv frame_mv[MB_MODE_COUNT][TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME], int this_mode,
+    const MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frames[2], const BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int block,
+    int mi_row, int mi_col) {
+  int_mv zeromv[2];
+  int comp_pred_mode = ref_frames[1] > INTRA_FRAME;
+  int cur_frm;
+  (void)mi_row;
+  (void)mi_col;
+  for (cur_frm = 0; cur_frm < 1 + comp_pred_mode; cur_frm++) {
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+    if (this_mode == ZEROMV
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+        || this_mode == ZERO_ZEROMV
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+        )
+      zeromv[cur_frm].as_int =
+          gm_get_motion_vector(&cpi->common.global_motion[ref_frames[cur_frm]],
+                               cpi->common.allow_high_precision_mv, bsize,
+                               mi_col, mi_row, block)
+              .as_int;
+    else
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+      zeromv[cur_frm].as_int = 0;
+  }
+#if !CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  assert(ref_frames[1] != INTRA_FRAME);  // Just sanity check
+#endif                                   // !CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  if ((this_mode == NEARMV || this_mode == NEARESTMV || this_mode == ZEROMV) &&
+      frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frames[0]].as_int == zeromv[0].as_int &&
+      (ref_frames[1] <= INTRA_FRAME ||
+       frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frames[1]].as_int == zeromv[1].as_int)) {
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+    int16_t rfc =
+        av1_mode_context_analyzer(mode_context, ref_frames, bsize, block);
+#else
+    int16_t rfc = mode_context[ref_frames[0]];
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+    int c1 = cost_mv_ref(cpi, NEARMV, rfc);
+    int c2 = cost_mv_ref(cpi, NEARESTMV, rfc);
+    int c3 = cost_mv_ref(cpi, ZEROMV, rfc);
+
+#if !CONFIG_REF_MV
+    (void)bsize;
+    (void)block;
+#endif  // !CONFIG_REF_MV
+
+    if (this_mode == NEARMV) {
+      if (c1 > c3) return 0;
+    } else if (this_mode == NEARESTMV) {
+      if (c2 > c3) return 0;
+    } else {
+      assert(this_mode == ZEROMV);
+      if (ref_frames[1] <= INTRA_FRAME) {
+        if ((c3 >= c2 && frame_mv[NEARESTMV][ref_frames[0]].as_int == 0) ||
+            (c3 >= c1 && frame_mv[NEARMV][ref_frames[0]].as_int == 0))
+          return 0;
+      } else {
+        if ((c3 >= c2 && frame_mv[NEARESTMV][ref_frames[0]].as_int == 0 &&
+             frame_mv[NEARESTMV][ref_frames[1]].as_int == 0) ||
+            (c3 >= c1 && frame_mv[NEARMV][ref_frames[0]].as_int == 0 &&
+             frame_mv[NEARMV][ref_frames[1]].as_int == 0))
+          return 0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  else if ((this_mode == NEAREST_NEARESTMV || this_mode == NEAREST_NEARMV ||
+            this_mode == NEAR_NEARESTMV || this_mode == NEAR_NEARMV ||
+            this_mode == ZERO_ZEROMV) &&
+           frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frames[0]].as_int == zeromv[0].as_int &&
+           frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frames[1]].as_int == zeromv[1].as_int) {
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+    int16_t rfc = compound_mode_context[ref_frames[0]];
+#else
+    int16_t rfc = mode_context[ref_frames[0]];
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+    int c1 = cost_mv_ref(cpi, NEAREST_NEARMV, rfc);
+    int c2 = cost_mv_ref(cpi, NEAREST_NEARESTMV, rfc);
+    int c3 = cost_mv_ref(cpi, ZERO_ZEROMV, rfc);
+    int c4 = cost_mv_ref(cpi, NEAR_NEARESTMV, rfc);
+    int c5 = cost_mv_ref(cpi, NEAR_NEARMV, rfc);
+
+    if (this_mode == NEAREST_NEARMV) {
+      if (c1 > c3) return 0;
+    } else if (this_mode == NEAREST_NEARESTMV) {
+      if (c2 > c3) return 0;
+    } else if (this_mode == NEAR_NEARESTMV) {
+      if (c4 > c3) return 0;
+    } else if (this_mode == NEAR_NEARMV) {
+      if (c5 > c3) return 0;
+    } else {
+      assert(this_mode == ZERO_ZEROMV);
+      if ((c3 >= c2 && frame_mv[NEAREST_NEARESTMV][ref_frames[0]].as_int == 0 &&
+           frame_mv[NEAREST_NEARESTMV][ref_frames[1]].as_int == 0) ||
+          (c3 >= c1 && frame_mv[NEAREST_NEARMV][ref_frames[0]].as_int == 0 &&
+           frame_mv[NEAREST_NEARMV][ref_frames[1]].as_int == 0) ||
+          (c3 >= c5 && frame_mv[NEAR_NEARMV][ref_frames[0]].as_int == 0 &&
+           frame_mv[NEAR_NEARMV][ref_frames[1]].as_int == 0) ||
+          (c3 >= c4 && frame_mv[NEAR_NEARESTMV][ref_frames[0]].as_int == 0 &&
+           frame_mv[NEAR_NEARESTMV][ref_frames[1]].as_int == 0))
+        return 0;
+    }
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static void joint_motion_search(const AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int_mv *frame_mv, int mi_row,
+                                int mi_col,
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                                int_mv *ref_mv_sub8x8[2],
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                                int *rate_mv, const int block) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  const int pw = block_size_wide[bsize];
+  const int ph = block_size_high[bsize];
+  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  // This function should only ever be called for compound modes
+  assert(has_second_ref(mbmi));
+  const int refs[2] = { mbmi->ref_frame[0], mbmi->ref_frame[1] };
+  int_mv ref_mv[2];
+  int ite, ref;
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+  InterpFilter interp_filter[4] = {
+    mbmi->interp_filter[0], mbmi->interp_filter[1], mbmi->interp_filter[2],
+    mbmi->interp_filter[3],
+  };
+#else
+  const InterpFilter interp_filter = mbmi->interp_filter;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+  struct scale_factors sf;
+  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[0];
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+  // ic and ir are the 4x4 coordiantes of the sub8x8 at index "block"
+  const int ic = block & 1;
+  const int ir = (block - ic) >> 1;
+  const int p_col = ((mi_col * MI_SIZE) >> pd->subsampling_x) + 4 * ic;
+  const int p_row = ((mi_row * MI_SIZE) >> pd->subsampling_y) + 4 * ir;
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+  int is_global[2];
+  for (ref = 0; ref < 2; ++ref) {
+    WarpedMotionParams *const wm =
+        &xd->global_motion[xd->mi[0]->mbmi.ref_frame[ref]];
+    is_global[ref] = is_global_mv_block(xd->mi[0], block, wm->wmtype);
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+
+  // Do joint motion search in compound mode to get more accurate mv.
+  struct buf_2d backup_yv12[2][MAX_MB_PLANE];
+  int last_besterr[2] = { INT_MAX, INT_MAX };
+  const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *const scaled_ref_frame[2] = {
+    av1_get_scaled_ref_frame(cpi, refs[0]),
+    av1_get_scaled_ref_frame(cpi, refs[1])
+  };
+
+// Prediction buffer from second frame.
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint16_t, second_pred_alloc_16[MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+  uint8_t *second_pred;
+#else
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint8_t, second_pred[MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER && CONFIG_CB4X4
+  (void)ref_mv_sub8x8;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER && CONFIG_CB4X4
+
+  for (ref = 0; ref < 2; ++ref) {
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER && !CONFIG_CB4X4
+    if (bsize < BLOCK_8X8 && ref_mv_sub8x8 != NULL)
+      ref_mv[ref].as_int = ref_mv_sub8x8[ref]->as_int;
+    else
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER && !CONFIG_CB4X4
+      ref_mv[ref] = x->mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[refs[ref]][0];
+
+    if (scaled_ref_frame[ref]) {
+      int i;
+      // Swap out the reference frame for a version that's been scaled to
+      // match the resolution of the current frame, allowing the existing
+      // motion search code to be used without additional modifications.
+      for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++)
+        backup_yv12[ref][i] = xd->plane[i].pre[ref];
+      av1_setup_pre_planes(xd, ref, scaled_ref_frame[ref], mi_row, mi_col,
+                           NULL);
+    }
+  }
+
+// Since we have scaled the reference frames to match the size of the current
+// frame we must use a unit scaling factor during mode selection.
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  av1_setup_scale_factors_for_frame(&sf, cm->width, cm->height, cm->width,
+                                    cm->height, cm->use_highbitdepth);
+#else
+  av1_setup_scale_factors_for_frame(&sf, cm->width, cm->height, cm->width,
+                                    cm->height);
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+  // Allow joint search multiple times iteratively for each reference frame
+  // and break out of the search loop if it couldn't find a better mv.
+  for (ite = 0; ite < 4; ite++) {
+    struct buf_2d ref_yv12[2];
+    int bestsme = INT_MAX;
+    int sadpb = x->sadperbit16;
+    MV *const best_mv = &x->best_mv.as_mv;
+    int search_range = 3;
+
+    MvLimits tmp_mv_limits = x->mv_limits;
+    int id = ite % 2;  // Even iterations search in the first reference frame,
+                       // odd iterations search in the second. The predictor
+                       // found for the 'other' reference frame is factored in.
+    const int plane = 0;
+    ConvolveParams conv_params = get_conv_params(0, plane);
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+    WarpTypesAllowed warp_types;
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+    warp_types.global_warp_allowed = is_global[!id];
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+#if CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+    warp_types.local_warp_allowed = mbmi->motion_mode == WARPED_CAUSAL;
+#endif  // CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+
+    // Initialized here because of compiler problem in Visual Studio.
+    ref_yv12[0] = xd->plane[plane].pre[0];
+    ref_yv12[1] = xd->plane[plane].pre[1];
+
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+    // reload the filter types
+    interp_filter[0] =
+        (id == 0) ? mbmi->interp_filter[2] : mbmi->interp_filter[0];
+    interp_filter[1] =
+        (id == 0) ? mbmi->interp_filter[3] : mbmi->interp_filter[1];
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+
+// Get the prediction block from the 'other' reference frame.
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+      second_pred = CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(second_pred_alloc_16);
+      av1_highbd_build_inter_predictor(
+          ref_yv12[!id].buf, ref_yv12[!id].stride, second_pred, pw,
+          &frame_mv[refs[!id]].as_mv, &sf, pw, ph, 0, interp_filter,
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+          &warp_types, p_col, p_row,
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+          plane, MV_PRECISION_Q3, mi_col * MI_SIZE, mi_row * MI_SIZE, xd);
+    } else {
+      second_pred = (uint8_t *)second_pred_alloc_16;
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      av1_build_inter_predictor(
+          ref_yv12[!id].buf, ref_yv12[!id].stride, second_pred, pw,
+          &frame_mv[refs[!id]].as_mv, &sf, pw, ph, &conv_params, interp_filter,
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+          &warp_types, p_col, p_row, plane, !id,
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+          MV_PRECISION_Q3, mi_col * MI_SIZE, mi_row * MI_SIZE, xd);
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+    // Do compound motion search on the current reference frame.
+    if (id) xd->plane[plane].pre[0] = ref_yv12[id];
+    av1_set_mv_search_range(&x->mv_limits, &ref_mv[id].as_mv);
+
+    // Use the mv result from the single mode as mv predictor.
+    *best_mv = frame_mv[refs[id]].as_mv;
+
+    best_mv->col >>= 3;
+    best_mv->row >>= 3;
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+    av1_set_mvcost(x, refs[id], id, mbmi->ref_mv_idx);
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+
+    // Small-range full-pixel motion search.
+    bestsme =
+        av1_refining_search_8p_c(x, sadpb, search_range, &cpi->fn_ptr[bsize],
+                                 &ref_mv[id].as_mv, second_pred);
+    if (bestsme < INT_MAX)
+      bestsme = av1_get_mvpred_av_var(x, best_mv, &ref_mv[id].as_mv,
+                                      second_pred, &cpi->fn_ptr[bsize], 1);
+
+    x->mv_limits = tmp_mv_limits;
+
+    if (bestsme < INT_MAX) {
+      int dis; /* TODO: use dis in distortion calculation later. */
+      unsigned int sse;
+      if (cpi->sf.use_upsampled_references) {
+        // Use up-sampled reference frames.
+        struct buf_2d backup_pred = pd->pre[0];
+        const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *upsampled_ref =
+            get_upsampled_ref(cpi, refs[id]);
+
+        // Set pred for Y plane
+        setup_pred_plane(&pd->pre[0], bsize, upsampled_ref->y_buffer,
+                         upsampled_ref->y_crop_width,
+                         upsampled_ref->y_crop_height, upsampled_ref->y_stride,
+                         (mi_row << 3), (mi_col << 3), NULL, pd->subsampling_x,
+                         pd->subsampling_y);
+
+// If bsize < BLOCK_8X8, adjust pred pointer for this block
+#if !CONFIG_CB4X4
+        if (bsize < BLOCK_8X8)
+          pd->pre[0].buf =
+              &pd->pre[0].buf[(av1_raster_block_offset(BLOCK_8X8, block,
+                                                       pd->pre[0].stride))
+                              << 3];
+#endif  // !CONFIG_CB4X4
+
+        bestsme = cpi->find_fractional_mv_step(
+            x, &ref_mv[id].as_mv, cpi->common.allow_high_precision_mv,
+            x->errorperbit, &cpi->fn_ptr[bsize], 0,
+            cpi->sf.mv.subpel_iters_per_step, NULL, x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost,
+            &dis, &sse, second_pred, pw, ph, 1);
+
+        // Restore the reference frames.
+        pd->pre[0] = backup_pred;
+      } else {
+        (void)block;
+        bestsme = cpi->find_fractional_mv_step(
+            x, &ref_mv[id].as_mv, cpi->common.allow_high_precision_mv,
+            x->errorperbit, &cpi->fn_ptr[bsize], 0,
+            cpi->sf.mv.subpel_iters_per_step, NULL, x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost,
+            &dis, &sse, second_pred, pw, ph, 0);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Restore the pointer to the first (possibly scaled) prediction buffer.
+    if (id) xd->plane[plane].pre[0] = ref_yv12[0];
+
+    if (bestsme < last_besterr[id]) {
+      frame_mv[refs[id]].as_mv = *best_mv;
+      last_besterr[id] = bestsme;
+    } else {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *rate_mv = 0;
+
+  for (ref = 0; ref < 2; ++ref) {
+    if (scaled_ref_frame[ref]) {
+      // Restore the prediction frame pointers to their unscaled versions.
+      int i;
+      for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++)
+        xd->plane[i].pre[ref] = backup_yv12[ref][i];
+    }
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+    av1_set_mvcost(x, refs[ref], ref, mbmi->ref_mv_idx);
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER && !CONFIG_CB4X4
+    if (bsize >= BLOCK_8X8)
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER && !CONFIG_CB4X4
+      *rate_mv += av1_mv_bit_cost(&frame_mv[refs[ref]].as_mv,
+                                  &x->mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[refs[ref]][0].as_mv,
+                                  x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost, MV_COST_WEIGHT);
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER && !CONFIG_CB4X4
+    else
+      *rate_mv += av1_mv_bit_cost(&frame_mv[refs[ref]].as_mv,
+                                  &ref_mv_sub8x8[ref]->as_mv, x->nmvjointcost,
+                                  x->mvcost, MV_COST_WEIGHT);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER && !CONFIG_CB4X4
+  }
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV && !CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+static void update_mv_search_and_seg_mvs(
+    int *const run_mv_search, int_mv *const seg_mvs, int has_second_rf,
+    const MV_REFERENCE_FRAME *const ref_frame,
+    const SEG_RDSTAT *const ref_rdstat, int_mv *const bsi_ref_mv[2]) {
+  if (has_second_rf) {
+    if (seg_mvs[ref_frame[0]].as_int == ref_rdstat->mvs[0].as_int &&
+        ref_rdstat->mvs[0].as_int != INVALID_MV)
+      if (bsi_ref_mv[0]->as_int == ref_rdstat->pred_mv[0].as_int)
+        --*run_mv_search;
+
+    if (seg_mvs[ref_frame[1]].as_int == ref_rdstat->mvs[1].as_int &&
+        ref_rdstat->mvs[1].as_int != INVALID_MV)
+      if (bsi_ref_mv[1]->as_int == ref_rdstat->pred_mv[1].as_int)
+        --*run_mv_search;
+  } else {
+    if (bsi_ref_mv[0]->as_int == ref_rdstat->pred_mv[0].as_int &&
+        ref_rdstat->mvs[0].as_int != INVALID_MV) {
+      *run_mv_search = 0;
+      seg_mvs[ref_frame[0]].as_int = ref_rdstat->mvs[0].as_int;
+    }
+  }
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV && !CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+static int64_t rd_pick_inter_best_sub8x8_mode(
+    const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, int_mv *best_ref_mv,
+    int_mv *second_best_ref_mv, int64_t best_rd, int *returntotrate,
+    int *returnyrate, int64_t *returndistortion, int *skippable, int64_t *psse,
+    int mvthresh, int_mv seg_mvs[4][TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME],
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    int_mv compound_seg_newmvs[4][2],
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    BEST_SEG_INFO *bsi_buf, int filter_idx, int mi_row, int mi_col) {
+  BEST_SEG_INFO *bsi = bsi_buf + filter_idx;
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+  int_mv tmp_ref_mv[2];
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MODE_INFO *mi = xd->mi[0];
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &mi->mbmi;
+  int mode_idx;
+  int k, br = 0, idx, idy;
+  int64_t bd = 0, block_sse = 0;
+  PREDICTION_MODE this_mode;
+  const AV1_COMMON *cm = &cpi->common;
+  struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[0];
+  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[0];
+  const int label_count = 4;
+  int64_t this_segment_rd = 0;
+  int label_mv_thresh;
+  int segmentyrate = 0;
+  const BLOCK_SIZE bsize = mbmi->sb_type;
+  const int num_4x4_blocks_wide = num_4x4_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+  const int num_4x4_blocks_high = num_4x4_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+#if CONFIG_CB4X4
+  ENTROPY_CONTEXT t_above[4], t_left[4];
+#else
+  ENTROPY_CONTEXT t_above[2], t_left[2];
+#endif  // CONFIG_CB4X4
+  int subpelmv = 1, have_ref = 0;
+  const int has_second_rf = has_second_ref(mbmi);
+  const int inter_mode_mask = cpi->sf.inter_mode_mask[bsize];
+  MB_MODE_INFO_EXT *const mbmi_ext = x->mbmi_ext;
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+  od_rollback_buffer pre_buf;
+
+  od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &pre_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
+  mbmi->tx_size =
+      xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id] ? TX_4X4 : max_txsize_rect_lookup[bsize];
+#else
+  mbmi->tx_size = TX_4X4;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
+
+  av1_zero(*bsi);
+
+  bsi->segment_rd = best_rd;
+  bsi->ref_mv[0] = best_ref_mv;
+  bsi->ref_mv[1] = second_best_ref_mv;
+  bsi->mvp.as_int = best_ref_mv->as_int;
+  bsi->mvthresh = mvthresh;
+
+  for (idx = 0; idx < 4; ++idx) bsi->modes[idx] = ZEROMV;
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+  for (idx = 0; idx < 4; ++idx) {
+    for (k = NEARESTMV; k <= NEWMV; ++k) {
+      bsi->rdstat[idx][INTER_OFFSET(k)].pred_mv[0].as_int = INVALID_MV;
+      bsi->rdstat[idx][INTER_OFFSET(k)].pred_mv[1].as_int = INVALID_MV;
+
+      bsi->rdstat[idx][INTER_OFFSET(k)].mvs[0].as_int = INVALID_MV;
+      bsi->rdstat[idx][INTER_OFFSET(k)].mvs[1].as_int = INVALID_MV;
+    }
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+
+  memcpy(t_above, pd->above_context, sizeof(t_above));
+  memcpy(t_left, pd->left_context, sizeof(t_left));
+
+  // 64 makes this threshold really big effectively
+  // making it so that we very rarely check mvs on
+  // segments.   setting this to 1 would make mv thresh
+  // roughly equal to what it is for macroblocks
+  label_mv_thresh = 1 * bsi->mvthresh / label_count;
+
+  // Segmentation method overheads
+  for (idy = 0; idy < 2; idy += num_4x4_blocks_high) {
+    for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx += num_4x4_blocks_wide) {
+      // TODO(jingning,rbultje): rewrite the rate-distortion optimization
+      // loop for 4x4/4x8/8x4 block coding. to be replaced with new rd loop
+      int_mv mode_mv[MB_MODE_COUNT][2];
+      int_mv frame_mv[MB_MODE_COUNT][TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME];
+      PREDICTION_MODE mode_selected = ZEROMV;
+      int64_t new_best_rd = INT64_MAX;
+      const int index = idy * 2 + idx;
+      int ref;
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+      CANDIDATE_MV ref_mv_stack[2][MAX_REF_MV_STACK_SIZE];
+      uint8_t ref_mv_count[2];
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      int_mv ref_mvs_sub8x8[2][2];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+      od_rollback_buffer idx_buf, post_buf;
+      od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &idx_buf);
+      od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &post_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+
+      for (ref = 0; ref < 1 + has_second_rf; ++ref) {
+        const MV_REFERENCE_FRAME frame = mbmi->ref_frame[ref];
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+        int_mv mv_ref_list[MAX_MV_REF_CANDIDATES];
+        av1_update_mv_context(cm, xd, mi, frame, mv_ref_list, index, mi_row,
+                              mi_col, NULL);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+        frame_mv[ZEROMV][frame].as_int =
+            gm_get_motion_vector(&cm->global_motion[frame],
+                                 cm->allow_high_precision_mv, mbmi->sb_type,
+                                 mi_col, mi_row, index)
+                .as_int;
+#else   // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+        frame_mv[ZEROMV][frame].as_int = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+        av1_append_sub8x8_mvs_for_idx(cm, xd, index, ref, mi_row, mi_col,
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+                                      ref_mv_stack[ref], &ref_mv_count[ref],
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                                      mv_ref_list,
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                                      &frame_mv[NEARESTMV][frame],
+                                      &frame_mv[NEARMV][frame]);
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+        tmp_ref_mv[ref] = frame_mv[NEARESTMV][mbmi->ref_frame[ref]];
+        lower_mv_precision(&tmp_ref_mv[ref].as_mv, cm->allow_high_precision_mv);
+        bsi->ref_mv[ref] = &tmp_ref_mv[ref];
+        mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[frame][0] = tmp_ref_mv[ref];
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+        mv_ref_list[0].as_int = frame_mv[NEARESTMV][frame].as_int;
+        mv_ref_list[1].as_int = frame_mv[NEARMV][frame].as_int;
+        av1_find_best_ref_mvs(cm->allow_high_precision_mv, mv_ref_list,
+                              &ref_mvs_sub8x8[0][ref], &ref_mvs_sub8x8[1][ref]);
+
+        if (has_second_rf) {
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+          frame_mv[ZERO_ZEROMV][frame].as_int =
+              gm_get_motion_vector(&cm->global_motion[frame],
+                                   cm->allow_high_precision_mv, mbmi->sb_type,
+                                   mi_col, mi_row, index)
+                  .as_int;
+#else
+          frame_mv[ZERO_ZEROMV][frame].as_int = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+          frame_mv[NEAREST_NEARESTMV][frame].as_int =
+              frame_mv[NEARESTMV][frame].as_int;
+
+          if (ref == 0) {
+            frame_mv[NEAREST_NEARMV][frame].as_int =
+                frame_mv[NEARESTMV][frame].as_int;
+            frame_mv[NEAR_NEARESTMV][frame].as_int =
+                frame_mv[NEARMV][frame].as_int;
+            frame_mv[NEAREST_NEWMV][frame].as_int =
+                frame_mv[NEARESTMV][frame].as_int;
+            frame_mv[NEAR_NEWMV][frame].as_int = frame_mv[NEARMV][frame].as_int;
+            frame_mv[NEAR_NEARMV][frame].as_int =
+                frame_mv[NEARMV][frame].as_int;
+          } else if (ref == 1) {
+            frame_mv[NEAREST_NEARMV][frame].as_int =
+                frame_mv[NEARMV][frame].as_int;
+            frame_mv[NEAR_NEARESTMV][frame].as_int =
+                frame_mv[NEARESTMV][frame].as_int;
+            frame_mv[NEW_NEARESTMV][frame].as_int =
+                frame_mv[NEARESTMV][frame].as_int;
+            frame_mv[NEW_NEARMV][frame].as_int = frame_mv[NEARMV][frame].as_int;
+            frame_mv[NEAR_NEARMV][frame].as_int =
+                frame_mv[NEARMV][frame].as_int;
+          }
+        }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      }
+
+// search for the best motion vector on this segment
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      for (this_mode = (has_second_rf ? NEAREST_NEARESTMV : NEARESTMV);
+           this_mode <= (has_second_rf ? NEW_NEWMV : NEWMV); ++this_mode)
+#else
+      for (this_mode = NEARESTMV; this_mode <= NEWMV; ++this_mode)
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      {
+        const struct buf_2d orig_src = x->plane[0].src;
+        struct buf_2d orig_pre[2];
+        // This flag controls if the motion estimation will kick off. When it
+        // is set to a non-zero value, the encoder will force motion estimation.
+        int run_mv_search = 0;
+
+        mode_idx = INTER_OFFSET(this_mode);
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+        for (ref = 0; ref < 1 + has_second_rf; ++ref)
+          bsi->ref_mv[ref]->as_int = ref_mvs_sub8x8[0][ref].as_int;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+        bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brdcost = INT64_MAX;
+        if (!(inter_mode_mask & (1 << this_mode))) continue;
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+        run_mv_search = 2;
+#if !CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+        if (filter_idx > 0 && this_mode == NEWMV) {
+          const BEST_SEG_INFO *ref_bsi = bsi_buf;
+          const SEG_RDSTAT *ref_rdstat = &ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx];
+
+          update_mv_search_and_seg_mvs(&run_mv_search, seg_mvs[index],
+                                       has_second_rf, mbmi->ref_frame,
+                                       ref_rdstat, bsi->ref_mv);
+
+          if (run_mv_search != 0 && filter_idx > 1) {
+            ref_bsi = bsi_buf + 1;
+            ref_rdstat = &ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx];
+            run_mv_search = 2;
+            update_mv_search_and_seg_mvs(&run_mv_search, seg_mvs[index],
+                                         has_second_rf, mbmi->ref_frame,
+                                         ref_rdstat, bsi->ref_mv);
+          }
+        }
+#endif  // !CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+        if (cm->global_motion[mbmi->ref_frame[0]].wmtype == IDENTITY &&
+            (!has_second_rf ||
+             cm->global_motion[mbmi->ref_frame[1]].wmtype == IDENTITY))
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+
+          if (!check_best_zero_mv(cpi, mbmi_ext->mode_context,
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV && CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                                  mbmi_ext->compound_mode_context,
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV && CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                                  frame_mv, this_mode, mbmi->ref_frame, bsize,
+                                  index, mi_row, mi_col))
+            continue;
+
+        memcpy(orig_pre, pd->pre, sizeof(orig_pre));
+        memcpy(bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].ta, t_above,
+               sizeof(bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].ta));
+        memcpy(bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].tl, t_left,
+               sizeof(bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].tl));
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+        od_encode_rollback(&x->daala_enc, &idx_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+
+        // motion search for newmv (single predictor case only)
+        if (!has_second_rf &&
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+            have_newmv_in_inter_mode(this_mode) &&
+            (seg_mvs[index][mbmi->ref_frame[0]].as_int == INVALID_MV)
+#else
+            this_mode == NEWMV &&
+            (seg_mvs[index][mbmi->ref_frame[0]].as_int == INVALID_MV ||
+             run_mv_search)
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                ) {
+          int step_param = 0;
+          int bestsme = INT_MAX;
+          int sadpb = x->sadperbit4;
+          MV mvp_full;
+          int max_mv;
+          int cost_list[5];
+          MvLimits tmp_mv_limits = x->mv_limits;
+
+          /* Is the best so far sufficiently good that we cant justify doing
+           * and new motion search. */
+          if (new_best_rd < label_mv_thresh) break;
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+          bsi->mvp.as_int = bsi->ref_mv[0]->as_int;
+#else
+// use previous block's result as next block's MV predictor.
+#if !CONFIG_REF_MV
+          if (index > 0) {
+            bsi->mvp.as_int = mi->bmi[index - 1].as_mv[0].as_int;
+            if (index == 2)
+              bsi->mvp.as_int = mi->bmi[index - 2].as_mv[0].as_int;
+          }
+#endif  // !CONFIG_REF_MV
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+          max_mv = (index == 0) ? (int)x->max_mv_context[mbmi->ref_frame[0]]
+                                : AOMMAX(abs(bsi->mvp.as_mv.row),
+                                         abs(bsi->mvp.as_mv.col)) >>
+                                      3;
+
+          if (cpi->sf.mv.auto_mv_step_size && cm->show_frame) {
+            // Take wtd average of the step_params based on the last frame's
+            // max mv magnitude and the best ref mvs of the current block for
+            // the given reference.
+            step_param =
+                (av1_init_search_range(max_mv) + cpi->mv_step_param) / 2;
+          } else {
+            step_param = cpi->mv_step_param;
+          }
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+          mvp_full.row = bsi->ref_mv[0]->as_mv.row >> 3;
+          mvp_full.col = bsi->ref_mv[0]->as_mv.col >> 3;
+#else
+          mvp_full.row = bsi->mvp.as_mv.row >> 3;
+          mvp_full.col = bsi->mvp.as_mv.col >> 3;
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+
+          if (cpi->sf.adaptive_motion_search) {
+            mvp_full.row = x->pred_mv[mbmi->ref_frame[0]].row >> 3;
+            mvp_full.col = x->pred_mv[mbmi->ref_frame[0]].col >> 3;
+            step_param = AOMMAX(step_param, 8);
+          }
+
+          // adjust src pointer for this block
+          mi_buf_shift(x, index);
+
+          av1_set_mv_search_range(&x->mv_limits, &bsi->ref_mv[0]->as_mv);
+
+          x->best_mv.as_int = x->second_best_mv.as_int = INVALID_MV;
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+          av1_set_mvcost(x, mbmi->ref_frame[0], 0, mbmi->ref_mv_idx);
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+          bestsme = av1_full_pixel_search(
+              cpi, x, bsize, &mvp_full, step_param, sadpb,
+              cpi->sf.mv.subpel_search_method != SUBPEL_TREE ? cost_list : NULL,
+              &bsi->ref_mv[0]->as_mv, INT_MAX, 1);
+
+          x->mv_limits = tmp_mv_limits;
+
+          if (bestsme < INT_MAX) {
+            int distortion;
+            if (cpi->sf.use_upsampled_references) {
+              int best_mv_var;
+              const int try_second =
+                  x->second_best_mv.as_int != INVALID_MV &&
+                  x->second_best_mv.as_int != x->best_mv.as_int;
+              const int pw = block_size_wide[bsize];
+              const int ph = block_size_high[bsize];
+              // Use up-sampled reference frames.
+              struct buf_2d backup_pred = pd->pre[0];
+              const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *upsampled_ref =
+                  get_upsampled_ref(cpi, mbmi->ref_frame[0]);
+
+              // Set pred for Y plane
+              setup_pred_plane(
+                  &pd->pre[0], bsize, upsampled_ref->y_buffer,
+                  upsampled_ref->y_crop_width, upsampled_ref->y_crop_height,
+                  upsampled_ref->y_stride, (mi_row << 3), (mi_col << 3), NULL,
+                  pd->subsampling_x, pd->subsampling_y);
+
+              // adjust pred pointer for this block
+              pd->pre[0].buf =
+                  &pd->pre[0].buf[(av1_raster_block_offset(BLOCK_8X8, index,
+                                                           pd->pre[0].stride))
+                                  << 3];
+
+              best_mv_var = cpi->find_fractional_mv_step(
+                  x, &bsi->ref_mv[0]->as_mv, cm->allow_high_precision_mv,
+                  x->errorperbit, &cpi->fn_ptr[bsize],
+                  cpi->sf.mv.subpel_force_stop,
+                  cpi->sf.mv.subpel_iters_per_step,
+                  cond_cost_list(cpi, cost_list), x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost,
+                  &distortion, &x->pred_sse[mbmi->ref_frame[0]], NULL, pw, ph,
+                  1);
+
+              if (try_second) {
+                int this_var;
+                MV best_mv = x->best_mv.as_mv;
+                const MV ref_mv = bsi->ref_mv[0]->as_mv;
+                const int minc =
+                    AOMMAX(x->mv_limits.col_min * 8, ref_mv.col - MV_MAX);
+                const int maxc =
+                    AOMMIN(x->mv_limits.col_max * 8, ref_mv.col + MV_MAX);
+                const int minr =
+                    AOMMAX(x->mv_limits.row_min * 8, ref_mv.row - MV_MAX);
+                const int maxr =
+                    AOMMIN(x->mv_limits.row_max * 8, ref_mv.row + MV_MAX);
+
+                x->best_mv = x->second_best_mv;
+                if (x->best_mv.as_mv.row * 8 <= maxr &&
+                    x->best_mv.as_mv.row * 8 >= minr &&
+                    x->best_mv.as_mv.col * 8 <= maxc &&
+                    x->best_mv.as_mv.col * 8 >= minc) {
+                  this_var = cpi->find_fractional_mv_step(
+                      x, &bsi->ref_mv[0]->as_mv, cm->allow_high_precision_mv,
+                      x->errorperbit, &cpi->fn_ptr[bsize],
+                      cpi->sf.mv.subpel_force_stop,
+                      cpi->sf.mv.subpel_iters_per_step,
+                      cond_cost_list(cpi, cost_list), x->nmvjointcost,
+                      x->mvcost, &distortion, &x->pred_sse[mbmi->ref_frame[0]],
+                      NULL, pw, ph, 1);
+                  if (this_var < best_mv_var) best_mv = x->best_mv.as_mv;
+                  x->best_mv.as_mv = best_mv;
+                }
+              }
+
+              // Restore the reference frames.
+              pd->pre[0] = backup_pred;
+            } else {
+              cpi->find_fractional_mv_step(
+                  x, &bsi->ref_mv[0]->as_mv, cm->allow_high_precision_mv,
+                  x->errorperbit, &cpi->fn_ptr[bsize],
+                  cpi->sf.mv.subpel_force_stop,
+                  cpi->sf.mv.subpel_iters_per_step,
+                  cond_cost_list(cpi, cost_list), x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost,
+                  &distortion, &x->pred_sse[mbmi->ref_frame[0]], NULL, 0, 0, 0);
+            }
+
+// save motion search result for use in compound prediction
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+            seg_mvs[index][mbmi->ref_frame[0]].as_mv = x->best_mv.as_mv;
+#else
+            seg_mvs[index][mbmi->ref_frame[0]].as_mv = x->best_mv.as_mv;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+          }
+
+          if (cpi->sf.adaptive_motion_search)
+            x->pred_mv[mbmi->ref_frame[0]] = x->best_mv.as_mv;
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+          mode_mv[this_mode][0] = x->best_mv;
+#else
+          mode_mv[NEWMV][0] = x->best_mv;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+          // restore src pointers
+          mi_buf_restore(x, orig_src, orig_pre);
+        }
+
+        if (has_second_rf) {
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+          if (seg_mvs[index][mbmi->ref_frame[1]].as_int == INVALID_MV ||
+              seg_mvs[index][mbmi->ref_frame[0]].as_int == INVALID_MV)
+#else
+          if (seg_mvs[index][mbmi->ref_frame[1]].as_int == INVALID_MV ||
+              seg_mvs[index][mbmi->ref_frame[0]].as_int == INVALID_MV)
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+            continue;
+        }
+
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+        (void)run_mv_search;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+
+        if (has_second_rf &&
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+            this_mode == NEW_NEWMV &&
+#else
+            this_mode == NEWMV &&
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+            (mbmi->interp_filter[0] == EIGHTTAP_REGULAR || run_mv_search))
+#else
+            (mbmi->interp_filter == EIGHTTAP_REGULAR || run_mv_search))
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+        {
+          // adjust src pointers
+          mi_buf_shift(x, index);
+          if (cpi->sf.comp_inter_joint_search_thresh <= bsize) {
+            int rate_mv;
+            frame_mv[this_mode][mbmi->ref_frame[0]].as_int =
+                seg_mvs[index][mbmi->ref_frame[0]].as_int;
+            frame_mv[this_mode][mbmi->ref_frame[1]].as_int =
+                seg_mvs[index][mbmi->ref_frame[1]].as_int;
+            joint_motion_search(cpi, x, bsize, frame_mv[this_mode], mi_row,
+                                mi_col,
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                                bsi->ref_mv,
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                                &rate_mv, index);
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+            compound_seg_newmvs[index][0].as_int =
+                frame_mv[this_mode][mbmi->ref_frame[0]].as_int;
+            compound_seg_newmvs[index][1].as_int =
+                frame_mv[this_mode][mbmi->ref_frame[1]].as_int;
+#else
+            seg_mvs[index][mbmi->ref_frame[0]].as_int =
+                frame_mv[this_mode][mbmi->ref_frame[0]].as_int;
+            seg_mvs[index][mbmi->ref_frame[1]].as_int =
+                frame_mv[this_mode][mbmi->ref_frame[1]].as_int;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+          }
+          // restore src pointers
+          mi_buf_restore(x, orig_src, orig_pre);
+        }
+
+        bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brate = set_and_cost_bmi_mvs(
+            cpi, x, xd, index, this_mode, mode_mv[this_mode], frame_mv,
+            seg_mvs[index],
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+            compound_seg_newmvs[index],
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+            bsi->ref_mv, x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost, mi_row, mi_col);
+
+        for (ref = 0; ref < 1 + has_second_rf; ++ref) {
+          bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].mvs[ref].as_int =
+              mode_mv[this_mode][ref].as_int;
+          if (num_4x4_blocks_wide > 1)
+            bsi->rdstat[index + 1][mode_idx].mvs[ref].as_int =
+                mode_mv[this_mode][ref].as_int;
+          if (num_4x4_blocks_high > 1)
+            bsi->rdstat[index + 2][mode_idx].mvs[ref].as_int =
+                mode_mv[this_mode][ref].as_int;
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+          bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].pred_mv[ref].as_int =
+              mi->bmi[index].pred_mv[ref].as_int;
+          if (num_4x4_blocks_wide > 1)
+            bsi->rdstat[index + 1][mode_idx].pred_mv[ref].as_int =
+                mi->bmi[index].pred_mv[ref].as_int;
+          if (num_4x4_blocks_high > 1)
+            bsi->rdstat[index + 2][mode_idx].pred_mv[ref].as_int =
+                mi->bmi[index].pred_mv[ref].as_int;
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+          bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].ref_mv[ref].as_int =
+              bsi->ref_mv[ref]->as_int;
+          if (num_4x4_blocks_wide > 1)
+            bsi->rdstat[index + 1][mode_idx].ref_mv[ref].as_int =
+                bsi->ref_mv[ref]->as_int;
+          if (num_4x4_blocks_high > 1)
+            bsi->rdstat[index + 2][mode_idx].ref_mv[ref].as_int =
+                bsi->ref_mv[ref]->as_int;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+        }
+
+        // Trap vectors that reach beyond the UMV borders
+        if (mv_check_bounds(&x->mv_limits, &mode_mv[this_mode][0].as_mv) ||
+            (has_second_rf &&
+             mv_check_bounds(&x->mv_limits, &mode_mv[this_mode][1].as_mv)))
+          continue;
+
+        if (filter_idx > 0) {
+          BEST_SEG_INFO *ref_bsi = bsi_buf;
+          subpelmv = 0;
+          have_ref = 1;
+
+          for (ref = 0; ref < 1 + has_second_rf; ++ref) {
+            subpelmv |= mv_has_subpel(&mode_mv[this_mode][ref].as_mv);
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+            if (have_newmv_in_inter_mode(this_mode))
+              have_ref &=
+                  ((mode_mv[this_mode][ref].as_int ==
+                    ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].mvs[ref].as_int) &&
+                   (bsi->ref_mv[ref]->as_int ==
+                    ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].ref_mv[ref].as_int));
+            else
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+              have_ref &= mode_mv[this_mode][ref].as_int ==
+                          ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].mvs[ref].as_int;
+          }
+
+          have_ref &= ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brate > 0;
+
+          if (filter_idx > 1 && !subpelmv && !have_ref) {
+            ref_bsi = bsi_buf + 1;
+            have_ref = 1;
+            for (ref = 0; ref < 1 + has_second_rf; ++ref)
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+              if (have_newmv_in_inter_mode(this_mode))
+                have_ref &=
+                    ((mode_mv[this_mode][ref].as_int ==
+                      ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].mvs[ref].as_int) &&
+                     (bsi->ref_mv[ref]->as_int ==
+                      ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].ref_mv[ref].as_int));
+              else
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                have_ref &= mode_mv[this_mode][ref].as_int ==
+                            ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].mvs[ref].as_int;
+
+            have_ref &= ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brate > 0;
+          }
+
+          if (!subpelmv && have_ref &&
+              ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brdcost < INT64_MAX) {
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+            bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].byrate =
+                ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].byrate;
+            bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].bdist =
+                ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].bdist;
+            bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].bsse =
+                ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].bsse;
+            bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brate +=
+                ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].byrate;
+            bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].eobs =
+                ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].eobs;
+
+            bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brdcost =
+                RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brate,
+                       bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].bdist);
+
+            memcpy(bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].ta,
+                   ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].ta,
+                   sizeof(bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].ta));
+            memcpy(bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].tl,
+                   ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].tl,
+                   sizeof(bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].tl));
+#else
+            memcpy(&bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx],
+                   &ref_bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx], sizeof(SEG_RDSTAT));
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+            if (num_4x4_blocks_wide > 1)
+              bsi->rdstat[index + 1][mode_idx].eobs =
+                  ref_bsi->rdstat[index + 1][mode_idx].eobs;
+            if (num_4x4_blocks_high > 1)
+              bsi->rdstat[index + 2][mode_idx].eobs =
+                  ref_bsi->rdstat[index + 2][mode_idx].eobs;
+
+            if (bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brdcost < new_best_rd) {
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+              // If the NEWMV mode is using the same motion vector as the
+              // NEARESTMV mode, skip the rest rate-distortion calculations
+              // and use the inferred motion vector modes.
+              if (this_mode == NEWMV) {
+                if (has_second_rf) {
+                  if (bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].mvs[0].as_int ==
+                          bsi->ref_mv[0]->as_int &&
+                      bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].mvs[1].as_int ==
+                          bsi->ref_mv[1]->as_int)
+                    continue;
+                } else {
+                  if (bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].mvs[0].as_int ==
+                      bsi->ref_mv[0]->as_int)
+                    continue;
+                }
+              }
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+              mode_selected = this_mode;
+              new_best_rd = bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brdcost;
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+              od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &post_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+            }
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+
+        bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brdcost = encode_inter_mb_segment_sub8x8(
+            cpi, x, bsi->segment_rd - this_segment_rd, index,
+            &bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].byrate,
+            &bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].bdist,
+            &bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].bsse, bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].ta,
+            bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].tl, idy, idx, mi_row, mi_col);
+
+        if (bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brdcost < INT64_MAX) {
+          bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brdcost += RDCOST(
+              x->rdmult, x->rddiv, bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brate, 0);
+          bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brate +=
+              bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].byrate;
+          bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].eobs = p->eobs[index];
+          if (num_4x4_blocks_wide > 1)
+            bsi->rdstat[index + 1][mode_idx].eobs = p->eobs[index + 1];
+          if (num_4x4_blocks_high > 1)
+            bsi->rdstat[index + 2][mode_idx].eobs = p->eobs[index + 2];
+        }
+
+        if (bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brdcost < new_best_rd) {
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+          // If the NEWMV mode is using the same motion vector as the
+          // NEARESTMV mode, skip the rest rate-distortion calculations
+          // and use the inferred motion vector modes.
+          if (this_mode == NEWMV) {
+            if (has_second_rf) {
+              if (bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].mvs[0].as_int ==
+                      bsi->ref_mv[0]->as_int &&
+                  bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].mvs[1].as_int ==
+                      bsi->ref_mv[1]->as_int)
+                continue;
+            } else {
+              if (bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].mvs[0].as_int ==
+                  bsi->ref_mv[0]->as_int)
+                continue;
+            }
+          }
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+          mode_selected = this_mode;
+          new_best_rd = bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brdcost;
+
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+          od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &post_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+        }
+      } /*for each 4x4 mode*/
+
+      if (new_best_rd == INT64_MAX) {
+        int iy, midx;
+        for (iy = index + 1; iy < 4; ++iy)
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+          for (midx = 0; midx < INTER_MODES + INTER_COMPOUND_MODES; ++midx)
+#else
+          for (midx = 0; midx < INTER_MODES; ++midx)
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+            bsi->rdstat[iy][midx].brdcost = INT64_MAX;
+        bsi->segment_rd = INT64_MAX;
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+        od_encode_rollback(&x->daala_enc, &pre_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+        return INT64_MAX;
+      }
+
+      mode_idx = INTER_OFFSET(mode_selected);
+      memcpy(t_above, bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].ta, sizeof(t_above));
+      memcpy(t_left, bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].tl, sizeof(t_left));
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+      od_encode_rollback(&x->daala_enc, &post_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      bsi->ref_mv[0]->as_int = bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].ref_mv[0].as_int;
+      if (has_second_rf)
+        bsi->ref_mv[1]->as_int = bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].ref_mv[1].as_int;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      set_and_cost_bmi_mvs(cpi, x, xd, index, mode_selected,
+                           mode_mv[mode_selected], frame_mv, seg_mvs[index],
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                           compound_seg_newmvs[index],
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                           bsi->ref_mv, x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost, mi_row,
+                           mi_col);
+
+      br += bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brate;
+      bd += bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].bdist;
+      block_sse += bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].bsse;
+      segmentyrate += bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].byrate;
+      this_segment_rd += bsi->rdstat[index][mode_idx].brdcost;
+
+      if (this_segment_rd > bsi->segment_rd) {
+        int iy, midx;
+        for (iy = index + 1; iy < 4; ++iy)
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+          for (midx = 0; midx < INTER_MODES + INTER_COMPOUND_MODES; ++midx)
+#else
+          for (midx = 0; midx < INTER_MODES; ++midx)
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+            bsi->rdstat[iy][midx].brdcost = INT64_MAX;
+        bsi->segment_rd = INT64_MAX;
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+        od_encode_rollback(&x->daala_enc, &pre_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+        return INT64_MAX;
+      }
+    }
+  } /* for each label */
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+  od_encode_rollback(&x->daala_enc, &pre_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+
+  bsi->r = br;
+  bsi->d = bd;
+  bsi->segment_yrate = segmentyrate;
+  bsi->segment_rd = this_segment_rd;
+  bsi->sse = block_sse;
+
+  // update the coding decisions
+  for (k = 0; k < 4; ++k) bsi->modes[k] = mi->bmi[k].as_mode;
+
+#if CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+  // Compute prediction (i.e. skip) and decoded distortion by daala-distortion.
+  {
+    const int src_stride = p->src.stride;
+    const int dst_stride = pd->dst.stride;
+    uint8_t *src = p->src.buf;
+    uint8_t *dst = pd->dst.buf;
+    const BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize = get_plane_block_size(mi->mbmi.sb_type, pd);
+    const int use_activity_masking = 0;
+    const int qm = OD_HVS_QM;
+    const int bsw = block_size_wide[plane_bsize];
+    const int bsh = block_size_high[plane_bsize];
+    int64_t rd1, rd2;
+    int64_t daala_sse, daala_dist;
+    TX_SIZE tx_size = mbmi->tx_size;
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    uint8_t *recon_8x8;
+    DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint16_t, recon16[8 * 8]);
+
+    if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH)
+      recon_8x8 = CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(recon16);
+    else
+      recon_8x8 = (uint8_t *)recon16;
+#else
+    DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint8_t, recon_8x8[8 * 8]);
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+    use_activity_masking = x->daala_enc.use_activity_masking;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+
+    // For each of sub8x8 prediction block in a 8x8 block
+    for (idy = 0; idy < 2; idy += num_4x4_blocks_high) {
+      for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx += num_4x4_blocks_wide) {
+        int i = idy * 2 + idx;
+        const uint8_t *const src_sub8x8 =
+            src + av1_raster_block_offset(BLOCK_8X8, i, p->src.stride);
+        uint8_t *const dst_sub8x8 =
+            dst + av1_raster_block_offset(BLOCK_8X8, i, pd->dst.stride);
+        uint8_t *recon_sub8x8 = recon_8x8 + (idy * 8 + idx) * 4;
+        const int txb_width = max_block_wide(xd, plane_bsize, 0);
+        const int txb_height = max_block_high(xd, plane_bsize, 0);
+        int idx_, idy_;
+
+        av1_build_inter_predictor_sub8x8(xd, 0, i, idy, idx, mi_row, mi_col);
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+        if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+          aom_highbd_subtract_block(
+              height, width,
+              av1_raster_block_offset_int16(BLOCK_8X8, i, p->src_diff), 8,
+              src_sub8x8, p->src.stride, dst_sub8x8, pd->dst.stride, xd->bd);
+        } else {
+          aom_subtract_block(
+              height, width,
+              av1_raster_block_offset_int16(BLOCK_8X8, i, p->src_diff), 8,
+              src_sub8x8, p->src.stride, dst_sub8x8, pd->dst.stride);
+        }
+#else
+        aom_subtract_block(
+            bsh, bsw, av1_raster_block_offset_int16(BLOCK_8X8, i, p->src_diff),
+            8, src_sub8x8, p->src.stride, dst_sub8x8, pd->dst.stride);
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+        if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+          aom_highbd_convolve_copy(dst_sub8x8, dst_stride, recon_sub8x8, 8,
+                                   NULL, 0, NULL, 0, bsw, bsh, xd->bd);
+        } else {
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+          aom_convolve_copy(dst_sub8x8, dst_stride, recon_sub8x8, 8, NULL, 0,
+                            NULL, 0, bsw, bsh);
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+        }
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+        // To get decoded pixels, do 4x4 xform and quant for each 4x4 block
+        // in a sub8x8 prediction block. In case remaining parts of
+        // sub8x8 inter mode rdo assume pd->dst stores predicted pixels,
+        // use local buffer to store decoded pixels.
+        for (idy_ = 0; idy_ < txb_height; idy_++) {
+          for (idx_ = 0; idx_ < txb_width; idx_++) {
+            int coeff_ctx = 0;
+            const tran_low_t *dqcoeff;
+            uint16_t eob;
+            const PLANE_TYPE plane_type = PLANE_TYPE_Y;
+            uint8_t *recon_4x4 = recon_sub8x8 + (idy_ * 8 + idx_) * 4;
+            const int block_raster_idx = (idy + idy_) * 2 + (idx + idx_);
+            const int block =
+                av1_raster_order_to_block_index(tx_size, block_raster_idx);
+            TX_TYPE tx_type = get_tx_type(plane_type, xd, block, tx_size);
+
+            dqcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(pd->dqcoeff, block);
+            av1_xform_quant(cm, x, 0, block, idy + idy_, idx + idx_, BLOCK_8X8,
+                            tx_size, coeff_ctx, AV1_XFORM_QUANT_FP);
+            if (xd->lossless[xd->mi[0]->mbmi.segment_id] == 0)
+              av1_optimize_b(cm, x, 0, block, tx_size, coeff_ctx);
+
+            eob = p->eobs[block];
+            av1_inverse_transform_block(xd, dqcoeff, tx_type, tx_size,
+                                        recon_4x4, 8, eob);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // Compute daala-distortion for a 8x8 block
+    daala_sse = av1_daala_dist(src, src_stride, pd->dst.buf, dst_stride, 8, 8,
+                               qm, use_activity_masking, x->qindex)
+                << 4;
+
+    daala_dist = av1_daala_dist(src, src_stride, recon_8x8, 8, 8, 8, qm,
+                                use_activity_masking, x->qindex)
+                 << 4;
+
+    bsi->sse = daala_sse;
+    bsi->d = daala_dist;
+
+    rd1 = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, bsi->r, bsi->d);
+    rd2 = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, 0, bsi->sse);
+    bsi->segment_rd = AOMMIN(rd1, rd2);
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_DAALA_DIST
+
+  if (bsi->segment_rd > best_rd) return INT64_MAX;
+  /* set it to the best */
+  for (idx = 0; idx < 4; idx++) {
+    mode_idx = INTER_OFFSET(bsi->modes[idx]);
+    mi->bmi[idx].as_mv[0].as_int = bsi->rdstat[idx][mode_idx].mvs[0].as_int;
+    if (has_second_ref(mbmi))
+      mi->bmi[idx].as_mv[1].as_int = bsi->rdstat[idx][mode_idx].mvs[1].as_int;
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+    mi->bmi[idx].pred_mv[0] = bsi->rdstat[idx][mode_idx].pred_mv[0];
+    if (has_second_ref(mbmi))
+      mi->bmi[idx].pred_mv[1] = bsi->rdstat[idx][mode_idx].pred_mv[1];
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    mi->bmi[idx].ref_mv[0].as_int = bsi->rdstat[idx][mode_idx].ref_mv[0].as_int;
+    if (has_second_rf)
+      mi->bmi[idx].ref_mv[1].as_int =
+          bsi->rdstat[idx][mode_idx].ref_mv[1].as_int;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    x->plane[0].eobs[idx] = bsi->rdstat[idx][mode_idx].eobs;
+    mi->bmi[idx].as_mode = bsi->modes[idx];
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * used to set mbmi->mv.as_int
+   */
+  *returntotrate = bsi->r;
+  *returndistortion = bsi->d;
+  *returnyrate = bsi->segment_yrate;
+  *skippable = av1_is_skippable_in_plane(x, BLOCK_8X8, 0);
+  *psse = bsi->sse;
+  mbmi->mode = bsi->modes[3];
+
+  return bsi->segment_rd;
+}
+
+static void estimate_ref_frame_costs(const AV1_COMMON *cm,
+                                     const MACROBLOCKD *xd, int segment_id,
+                                     unsigned int *ref_costs_single,
+                                     unsigned int *ref_costs_comp,
+                                     aom_prob *comp_mode_p) {
+  int seg_ref_active =
+      segfeature_active(&cm->seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME);
+  if (seg_ref_active) {
+    memset(ref_costs_single, 0,
+           TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME * sizeof(*ref_costs_single));
+    memset(ref_costs_comp, 0, TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME * sizeof(*ref_costs_comp));
+    *comp_mode_p = 128;
+  } else {
+    aom_prob intra_inter_p = av1_get_intra_inter_prob(cm, xd);
+    aom_prob comp_inter_p = 128;
+
+    if (cm->reference_mode == REFERENCE_MODE_SELECT) {
+      comp_inter_p = av1_get_reference_mode_prob(cm, xd);
+      *comp_mode_p = comp_inter_p;
+    } else {
+      *comp_mode_p = 128;
+    }
+
+    ref_costs_single[INTRA_FRAME] = av1_cost_bit(intra_inter_p, 0);
+
+    if (cm->reference_mode != COMPOUND_REFERENCE) {
+      aom_prob ref_single_p1 = av1_get_pred_prob_single_ref_p1(cm, xd);
+      aom_prob ref_single_p2 = av1_get_pred_prob_single_ref_p2(cm, xd);
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+      aom_prob ref_single_p3 = av1_get_pred_prob_single_ref_p3(cm, xd);
+      aom_prob ref_single_p4 = av1_get_pred_prob_single_ref_p4(cm, xd);
+      aom_prob ref_single_p5 = av1_get_pred_prob_single_ref_p5(cm, xd);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+
+      unsigned int base_cost = av1_cost_bit(intra_inter_p, 1);
+
+      ref_costs_single[LAST_FRAME] =
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+          ref_costs_single[LAST2_FRAME] = ref_costs_single[LAST3_FRAME] =
+              ref_costs_single[BWDREF_FRAME] =
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+                  ref_costs_single[GOLDEN_FRAME] =
+                      ref_costs_single[ALTREF_FRAME] = base_cost;
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+      ref_costs_single[LAST_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p1, 0);
+      ref_costs_single[LAST2_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p1, 0);
+      ref_costs_single[LAST3_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p1, 0);
+      ref_costs_single[GOLDEN_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p1, 0);
+      ref_costs_single[BWDREF_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p1, 1);
+      ref_costs_single[ALTREF_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p1, 1);
+
+      ref_costs_single[LAST_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p3, 0);
+      ref_costs_single[LAST2_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p3, 0);
+      ref_costs_single[LAST3_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p3, 1);
+      ref_costs_single[GOLDEN_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p3, 1);
+
+      ref_costs_single[BWDREF_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p2, 0);
+      ref_costs_single[ALTREF_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p2, 1);
+
+      ref_costs_single[LAST_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p4, 0);
+      ref_costs_single[LAST2_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p4, 1);
+
+      ref_costs_single[LAST3_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p5, 0);
+      ref_costs_single[GOLDEN_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p5, 1);
+#else
+      ref_costs_single[LAST_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p1, 0);
+      ref_costs_single[GOLDEN_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p1, 1);
+      ref_costs_single[ALTREF_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p1, 1);
+
+      ref_costs_single[GOLDEN_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p2, 0);
+      ref_costs_single[ALTREF_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_single_p2, 1);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+    } else {
+      ref_costs_single[LAST_FRAME] = 512;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+      ref_costs_single[LAST2_FRAME] = 512;
+      ref_costs_single[LAST3_FRAME] = 512;
+      ref_costs_single[BWDREF_FRAME] = 512;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+      ref_costs_single[GOLDEN_FRAME] = 512;
+      ref_costs_single[ALTREF_FRAME] = 512;
+    }
+
+    if (cm->reference_mode != SINGLE_REFERENCE) {
+      aom_prob ref_comp_p = av1_get_pred_prob_comp_ref_p(cm, xd);
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+      aom_prob ref_comp_p1 = av1_get_pred_prob_comp_ref_p1(cm, xd);
+      aom_prob ref_comp_p2 = av1_get_pred_prob_comp_ref_p2(cm, xd);
+      aom_prob bwdref_comp_p = av1_get_pred_prob_comp_bwdref_p(cm, xd);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+
+      unsigned int base_cost = av1_cost_bit(intra_inter_p, 1);
+
+      ref_costs_comp[LAST_FRAME] =
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+          ref_costs_comp[LAST2_FRAME] = ref_costs_comp[LAST3_FRAME] =
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+              ref_costs_comp[GOLDEN_FRAME] = base_cost;
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+      ref_costs_comp[BWDREF_FRAME] = ref_costs_comp[ALTREF_FRAME] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+      ref_costs_comp[LAST_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_comp_p, 0);
+      ref_costs_comp[LAST2_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_comp_p, 0);
+      ref_costs_comp[LAST3_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_comp_p, 1);
+      ref_costs_comp[GOLDEN_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_comp_p, 1);
+
+      ref_costs_comp[LAST_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_comp_p1, 1);
+      ref_costs_comp[LAST2_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_comp_p1, 0);
+
+      ref_costs_comp[LAST3_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_comp_p2, 0);
+      ref_costs_comp[GOLDEN_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_comp_p2, 1);
+
+      // NOTE(zoeliu): BWDREF and ALTREF each add an extra cost by coding 1
+      //               more bit.
+      ref_costs_comp[BWDREF_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(bwdref_comp_p, 0);
+      ref_costs_comp[ALTREF_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(bwdref_comp_p, 1);
+#else
+      ref_costs_comp[LAST_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_comp_p, 0);
+      ref_costs_comp[GOLDEN_FRAME] += av1_cost_bit(ref_comp_p, 1);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+    } else {
+      ref_costs_comp[LAST_FRAME] = 512;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+      ref_costs_comp[LAST2_FRAME] = 512;
+      ref_costs_comp[LAST3_FRAME] = 512;
+      ref_costs_comp[BWDREF_FRAME] = 512;
+      ref_costs_comp[ALTREF_FRAME] = 512;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+      ref_costs_comp[GOLDEN_FRAME] = 512;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void store_coding_context(MACROBLOCK *x, PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx,
+                                 int mode_index,
+                                 int64_t comp_pred_diff[REFERENCE_MODES],
+                                 int skippable) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+
+  // Take a snapshot of the coding context so it can be
+  // restored if we decide to encode this way
+  ctx->skip = x->skip;
+  ctx->skippable = skippable;
+  ctx->best_mode_index = mode_index;
+  ctx->mic = *xd->mi[0];
+  ctx->mbmi_ext = *x->mbmi_ext;
+  ctx->single_pred_diff = (int)comp_pred_diff[SINGLE_REFERENCE];
+  ctx->comp_pred_diff = (int)comp_pred_diff[COMPOUND_REFERENCE];
+  ctx->hybrid_pred_diff = (int)comp_pred_diff[REFERENCE_MODE_SELECT];
+}
+
+static void setup_buffer_inter(
+    const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame,
+    BLOCK_SIZE block_size, int mi_row, int mi_col,
+    int_mv frame_nearest_mv[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME],
+    int_mv frame_near_mv[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME],
+    struct buf_2d yv12_mb[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME][MAX_MB_PLANE]) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *cm = &cpi->common;
+  const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *yv12 = get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi, ref_frame);
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MODE_INFO *const mi = xd->mi[0];
+  int_mv *const candidates = x->mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[ref_frame];
+  const struct scale_factors *const sf = &cm->frame_refs[ref_frame - 1].sf;
+  MB_MODE_INFO_EXT *const mbmi_ext = x->mbmi_ext;
+
+  assert(yv12 != NULL);
+
+  // TODO(jkoleszar): Is the UV buffer ever used here? If so, need to make this
+  // use the UV scaling factors.
+  av1_setup_pred_block(xd, yv12_mb[ref_frame], yv12, mi_row, mi_col, sf, sf);
+
+  // Gets an initial list of candidate vectors from neighbours and orders them
+  av1_find_mv_refs(
+      cm, xd, mi, ref_frame,
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+      &mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[ref_frame], mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame],
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      mbmi_ext->compound_mode_context,
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+      candidates, mi_row, mi_col, NULL, NULL, mbmi_ext->mode_context);
+
+  // Candidate refinement carried out at encoder and decoder
+  av1_find_best_ref_mvs(cm->allow_high_precision_mv, candidates,
+                        &frame_nearest_mv[ref_frame],
+                        &frame_near_mv[ref_frame]);
+
+// Further refinement that is encode side only to test the top few candidates
+// in full and choose the best as the centre point for subsequent searches.
+// The current implementation doesn't support scaling.
+#if CONFIG_CB4X4
+  av1_mv_pred(cpi, x, yv12_mb[ref_frame][0].buf, yv12->y_stride, ref_frame,
+              block_size);
+#else
+  if (!av1_is_scaled(sf) && block_size >= BLOCK_8X8)
+    av1_mv_pred(cpi, x, yv12_mb[ref_frame][0].buf, yv12->y_stride, ref_frame,
+                block_size);
+#endif  // CONFIG_CB4X4
+}
+
+static void single_motion_search(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                 BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int mi_row, int mi_col,
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                                 int ref_idx,
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                                 int *rate_mv) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const AV1_COMMON *cm = &cpi->common;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  struct buf_2d backup_yv12[MAX_MB_PLANE] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 } };
+  int bestsme = INT_MAX;
+  int step_param;
+  int sadpb = x->sadperbit16;
+  MV mvp_full;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  int ref = mbmi->ref_frame[ref_idx];
+#else
+  int ref = mbmi->ref_frame[0];
+  int ref_idx = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  MV ref_mv = x->mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[ref][0].as_mv;
+
+  MvLimits tmp_mv_limits = x->mv_limits;
+  int cost_list[5];
+
+  const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *scaled_ref_frame =
+      av1_get_scaled_ref_frame(cpi, ref);
+
+  MV pred_mv[3];
+  pred_mv[0] = x->mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[ref][0].as_mv;
+  pred_mv[1] = x->mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[ref][1].as_mv;
+  pred_mv[2] = x->pred_mv[ref];
+
+  if (scaled_ref_frame) {
+    int i;
+    // Swap out the reference frame for a version that's been scaled to
+    // match the resolution of the current frame, allowing the existing
+    // motion search code to be used without additional modifications.
+    for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++)
+      backup_yv12[i] = xd->plane[i].pre[ref_idx];
+
+    av1_setup_pre_planes(xd, ref_idx, scaled_ref_frame, mi_row, mi_col, NULL);
+  }
+
+  av1_set_mv_search_range(&x->mv_limits, &ref_mv);
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+  av1_set_mvcost(x, ref, ref_idx, mbmi->ref_mv_idx);
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+
+  // Work out the size of the first step in the mv step search.
+  // 0 here is maximum length first step. 1 is AOMMAX >> 1 etc.
+  if (cpi->sf.mv.auto_mv_step_size && cm->show_frame) {
+    // Take wtd average of the step_params based on the last frame's
+    // max mv magnitude and that based on the best ref mvs of the current
+    // block for the given reference.
+    step_param =
+        (av1_init_search_range(x->max_mv_context[ref]) + cpi->mv_step_param) /
+        2;
+  } else {
+    step_param = cpi->mv_step_param;
+  }
+
+  if (cpi->sf.adaptive_motion_search && bsize < cm->sb_size) {
+    int boffset =
+        2 * (b_width_log2_lookup[cm->sb_size] -
+             AOMMIN(b_height_log2_lookup[bsize], b_width_log2_lookup[bsize]));
+    step_param = AOMMAX(step_param, boffset);
+  }
+
+  if (cpi->sf.adaptive_motion_search) {
+    int bwl = b_width_log2_lookup[bsize];
+    int bhl = b_height_log2_lookup[bsize];
+    int tlevel = x->pred_mv_sad[ref] >> (bwl + bhl + 4);
+
+    if (tlevel < 5) step_param += 2;
+
+    // prev_mv_sad is not setup for dynamically scaled frames.
+    if (cpi->oxcf.resize_mode != RESIZE_DYNAMIC) {
+      int i;
+      for (i = LAST_FRAME; i <= ALTREF_FRAME && cm->show_frame; ++i) {
+        if ((x->pred_mv_sad[ref] >> 3) > x->pred_mv_sad[i]) {
+          x->pred_mv[ref].row = 0;
+          x->pred_mv[ref].col = 0;
+          x->best_mv.as_int = INVALID_MV;
+
+          if (scaled_ref_frame) {
+            int j;
+            for (j = 0; j < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++j)
+              xd->plane[j].pre[ref_idx] = backup_yv12[j];
+          }
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  av1_set_mv_search_range(&x->mv_limits, &ref_mv);
+
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+  if (mbmi->motion_mode != SIMPLE_TRANSLATION)
+    mvp_full = mbmi->mv[0].as_mv;
+  else
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+    mvp_full = pred_mv[x->mv_best_ref_index[ref]];
+
+  mvp_full.col >>= 3;
+  mvp_full.row >>= 3;
+
+  x->best_mv.as_int = x->second_best_mv.as_int = INVALID_MV;
+
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+  switch (mbmi->motion_mode) {
+    case SIMPLE_TRANSLATION:
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+      bestsme = av1_full_pixel_search(cpi, x, bsize, &mvp_full, step_param,
+                                      sadpb, cond_cost_list(cpi, cost_list),
+                                      &ref_mv, INT_MAX, 1);
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+      break;
+    case OBMC_CAUSAL:
+      bestsme = av1_obmc_full_pixel_diamond(
+          cpi, x, &mvp_full, step_param, sadpb,
+          MAX_MVSEARCH_STEPS - 1 - step_param, 1, &cpi->fn_ptr[bsize], &ref_mv,
+          &(x->best_mv.as_mv), 0);
+      break;
+    default: assert("Invalid motion mode!\n");
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+
+  x->mv_limits = tmp_mv_limits;
+
+  if (bestsme < INT_MAX) {
+    int dis; /* TODO: use dis in distortion calculation later. */
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+    switch (mbmi->motion_mode) {
+      case SIMPLE_TRANSLATION:
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+        if (cpi->sf.use_upsampled_references) {
+          int best_mv_var;
+          const int try_second = x->second_best_mv.as_int != INVALID_MV &&
+                                 x->second_best_mv.as_int != x->best_mv.as_int;
+          const int pw = block_size_wide[bsize];
+          const int ph = block_size_high[bsize];
+          // Use up-sampled reference frames.
+          struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[0];
+          struct buf_2d backup_pred = pd->pre[ref_idx];
+          const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *upsampled_ref = get_upsampled_ref(cpi, ref);
+
+          // Set pred for Y plane
+          setup_pred_plane(
+              &pd->pre[ref_idx], bsize, upsampled_ref->y_buffer,
+              upsampled_ref->y_crop_width, upsampled_ref->y_crop_height,
+              upsampled_ref->y_stride, (mi_row << 3), (mi_col << 3), NULL,
+              pd->subsampling_x, pd->subsampling_y);
+
+          best_mv_var = cpi->find_fractional_mv_step(
+              x, &ref_mv, cm->allow_high_precision_mv, x->errorperbit,
+              &cpi->fn_ptr[bsize], cpi->sf.mv.subpel_force_stop,
+              cpi->sf.mv.subpel_iters_per_step, cond_cost_list(cpi, cost_list),
+              x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost, &dis, &x->pred_sse[ref], NULL, pw, ph,
+              1);
+
+          if (try_second) {
+            const int minc =
+                AOMMAX(x->mv_limits.col_min * 8, ref_mv.col - MV_MAX);
+            const int maxc =
+                AOMMIN(x->mv_limits.col_max * 8, ref_mv.col + MV_MAX);
+            const int minr =
+                AOMMAX(x->mv_limits.row_min * 8, ref_mv.row - MV_MAX);
+            const int maxr =
+                AOMMIN(x->mv_limits.row_max * 8, ref_mv.row + MV_MAX);
+            int this_var;
+            MV best_mv = x->best_mv.as_mv;
+
+            x->best_mv = x->second_best_mv;
+            if (x->best_mv.as_mv.row * 8 <= maxr &&
+                x->best_mv.as_mv.row * 8 >= minr &&
+                x->best_mv.as_mv.col * 8 <= maxc &&
+                x->best_mv.as_mv.col * 8 >= minc) {
+              this_var = cpi->find_fractional_mv_step(
+                  x, &ref_mv, cm->allow_high_precision_mv, x->errorperbit,
+                  &cpi->fn_ptr[bsize], cpi->sf.mv.subpel_force_stop,
+                  cpi->sf.mv.subpel_iters_per_step,
+                  cond_cost_list(cpi, cost_list), x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost,
+                  &dis, &x->pred_sse[ref], NULL, pw, ph, 1);
+              if (this_var < best_mv_var) best_mv = x->best_mv.as_mv;
+              x->best_mv.as_mv = best_mv;
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Restore the reference frames.
+          pd->pre[ref_idx] = backup_pred;
+        } else {
+          cpi->find_fractional_mv_step(
+              x, &ref_mv, cm->allow_high_precision_mv, x->errorperbit,
+              &cpi->fn_ptr[bsize], cpi->sf.mv.subpel_force_stop,
+              cpi->sf.mv.subpel_iters_per_step, cond_cost_list(cpi, cost_list),
+              x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost, &dis, &x->pred_sse[ref], NULL, 0, 0,
+              0);
+        }
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+        break;
+      case OBMC_CAUSAL:
+        av1_find_best_obmc_sub_pixel_tree_up(
+            cpi, x, mi_row, mi_col, &x->best_mv.as_mv, &ref_mv,
+            cm->allow_high_precision_mv, x->errorperbit, &cpi->fn_ptr[bsize],
+            cpi->sf.mv.subpel_force_stop, cpi->sf.mv.subpel_iters_per_step,
+            x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost, &dis, &x->pred_sse[ref], 0,
+            cpi->sf.use_upsampled_references);
+        break;
+      default: assert("Invalid motion mode!\n");
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+  }
+  *rate_mv = av1_mv_bit_cost(&x->best_mv.as_mv, &ref_mv, x->nmvjointcost,
+                             x->mvcost, MV_COST_WEIGHT);
+
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+  if (cpi->sf.adaptive_motion_search && mbmi->motion_mode == SIMPLE_TRANSLATION)
+#else
+  if (cpi->sf.adaptive_motion_search)
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+    x->pred_mv[ref] = x->best_mv.as_mv;
+
+  if (scaled_ref_frame) {
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++)
+      xd->plane[i].pre[ref_idx] = backup_yv12[i];
+  }
+}
+
+static INLINE void restore_dst_buf(MACROBLOCKD *xd, BUFFER_SET dst) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++) {
+    xd->plane[i].dst.buf = dst.plane[i];
+    xd->plane[i].dst.stride = dst.stride[i];
+  }
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#if CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT || CONFIG_WEDGE
+static void do_masked_motion_search(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                    const uint8_t *mask, int mask_stride,
+                                    BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                                    int_mv *tmp_mv, int *rate_mv, int ref_idx) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const AV1_COMMON *cm = &cpi->common;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  struct buf_2d backup_yv12[MAX_MB_PLANE] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 } };
+  int bestsme = INT_MAX;
+  int step_param;
+  int sadpb = x->sadperbit16;
+  MV mvp_full;
+  int ref = mbmi->ref_frame[ref_idx];
+  MV ref_mv = x->mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[ref][0].as_mv;
+
+  MvLimits tmp_mv_limits = x->mv_limits;
+
+  const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *scaled_ref_frame =
+      av1_get_scaled_ref_frame(cpi, ref);
+  int i;
+
+  MV pred_mv[3];
+  pred_mv[0] = x->mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[ref][0].as_mv;
+  pred_mv[1] = x->mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[ref][1].as_mv;
+  pred_mv[2] = x->pred_mv[ref];
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+  av1_set_mvcost(x, ref, ref_idx, mbmi->ref_mv_idx);
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+
+  if (scaled_ref_frame) {
+    // Swap out the reference frame for a version that's been scaled to
+    // match the resolution of the current frame, allowing the existing
+    // motion search code to be used without additional modifications.
+    for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++)
+      backup_yv12[i] = xd->plane[i].pre[ref_idx];
+
+    av1_setup_pre_planes(xd, ref_idx, scaled_ref_frame, mi_row, mi_col, NULL);
+  }
+
+  av1_set_mv_search_range(&x->mv_limits, &ref_mv);
+
+  // Work out the size of the first step in the mv step search.
+  // 0 here is maximum length first step. 1 is MAX >> 1 etc.
+  if (cpi->sf.mv.auto_mv_step_size && cm->show_frame) {
+    // Take wtd average of the step_params based on the last frame's
+    // max mv magnitude and that based on the best ref mvs of the current
+    // block for the given reference.
+    step_param =
+        (av1_init_search_range(x->max_mv_context[ref]) + cpi->mv_step_param) /
+        2;
+  } else {
+    step_param = cpi->mv_step_param;
+  }
+
+  // TODO(debargha): is show_frame needed here?
+  if (cpi->sf.adaptive_motion_search && bsize < cm->sb_size && cm->show_frame) {
+    int boffset =
+        2 * (b_width_log2_lookup[cm->sb_size] -
+             AOMMIN(b_height_log2_lookup[bsize], b_width_log2_lookup[bsize]));
+    step_param = AOMMAX(step_param, boffset);
+  }
+
+  if (cpi->sf.adaptive_motion_search) {
+    int bwl = b_width_log2_lookup[bsize];
+    int bhl = b_height_log2_lookup[bsize];
+    int tlevel = x->pred_mv_sad[ref] >> (bwl + bhl + 4);
+
+    if (tlevel < 5) step_param += 2;
+
+    // prev_mv_sad is not setup for dynamically scaled frames.
+    if (cpi->oxcf.resize_mode != RESIZE_DYNAMIC) {
+      for (i = LAST_FRAME; i <= ALTREF_FRAME && cm->show_frame; ++i) {
+        if ((x->pred_mv_sad[ref] >> 3) > x->pred_mv_sad[i]) {
+          x->pred_mv[ref].row = 0;
+          x->pred_mv[ref].col = 0;
+          tmp_mv->as_int = INVALID_MV;
+
+          if (scaled_ref_frame) {
+            int j;
+            for (j = 0; j < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++j)
+              xd->plane[j].pre[ref_idx] = backup_yv12[j];
+          }
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  mvp_full = pred_mv[x->mv_best_ref_index[ref]];
+
+  mvp_full.col >>= 3;
+  mvp_full.row >>= 3;
+
+  bestsme = av1_masked_full_pixel_diamond(
+      cpi, x, mask, mask_stride, &mvp_full, step_param, sadpb,
+      MAX_MVSEARCH_STEPS - 1 - step_param, 1, &cpi->fn_ptr[bsize], &ref_mv,
+      &tmp_mv->as_mv, ref_idx);
+
+  x->mv_limits = tmp_mv_limits;
+
+  if (bestsme < INT_MAX) {
+    int dis; /* TODO: use dis in distortion calculation later. */
+    av1_find_best_masked_sub_pixel_tree_up(
+        cpi, x, mask, mask_stride, mi_row, mi_col, &tmp_mv->as_mv, &ref_mv,
+        cm->allow_high_precision_mv, x->errorperbit, &cpi->fn_ptr[bsize],
+        cpi->sf.mv.subpel_force_stop, cpi->sf.mv.subpel_iters_per_step,
+        x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost, &dis, &x->pred_sse[ref], ref_idx,
+        cpi->sf.use_upsampled_references);
+  }
+  *rate_mv = av1_mv_bit_cost(&tmp_mv->as_mv, &ref_mv, x->nmvjointcost,
+                             x->mvcost, MV_COST_WEIGHT);
+
+  if (cpi->sf.adaptive_motion_search && cm->show_frame)
+    x->pred_mv[ref] = tmp_mv->as_mv;
+
+  if (scaled_ref_frame) {
+    for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++)
+      xd->plane[i].pre[ref_idx] = backup_yv12[i];
+  }
+}
+
+static void do_masked_motion_search_indexed(
+    const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+    const INTERINTER_COMPOUND_DATA *const comp_data, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+    int mi_row, int mi_col, int_mv *tmp_mv, int *rate_mv, int which) {
+  // NOTE: which values: 0 - 0 only, 1 - 1 only, 2 - both
+  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  BLOCK_SIZE sb_type = mbmi->sb_type;
+  const uint8_t *mask;
+  const int mask_stride = block_size_wide[bsize];
+
+  mask = av1_get_compound_type_mask(comp_data, sb_type);
+
+  if (which == 0 || which == 2)
+    do_masked_motion_search(cpi, x, mask, mask_stride, bsize, mi_row, mi_col,
+                            &tmp_mv[0], &rate_mv[0], 0);
+
+  if (which == 1 || which == 2) {
+// get the negative mask
+#if CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT
+    uint8_t inv_mask_buf[2 * MAX_SB_SQUARE];
+    const int h = block_size_high[bsize];
+    mask = av1_get_compound_type_mask_inverse(
+        comp_data, inv_mask_buf, h, mask_stride, mask_stride, sb_type);
+#else
+    mask = av1_get_compound_type_mask_inverse(comp_data, sb_type);
+#endif  // CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT
+    do_masked_motion_search(cpi, x, mask, mask_stride, bsize, mi_row, mi_col,
+                            &tmp_mv[1], &rate_mv[1], 1);
+  }
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT || CONFIG_WEDGE
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+// In some situations we want to discount tha pparent cost of a new motion
+// vector. Where there is a subtle motion field and especially where there is
+// low spatial complexity then it can be hard to cover the cost of a new motion
+// vector in a single block, even if that motion vector reduces distortion.
+// However, once established that vector may be usable through the nearest and
+// near mv modes to reduce distortion in subsequent blocks and also improve
+// visual quality.
+static int discount_newmv_test(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, int this_mode,
+                               int_mv this_mv,
+                               int_mv (*mode_mv)[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME],
+                               int ref_frame) {
+  return (!cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref && (this_mode == NEWMV) &&
+          (this_mv.as_int != 0) &&
+          ((mode_mv[NEARESTMV][ref_frame].as_int == 0) ||
+           (mode_mv[NEARESTMV][ref_frame].as_int == INVALID_MV)) &&
+          ((mode_mv[NEARMV][ref_frame].as_int == 0) ||
+           (mode_mv[NEARMV][ref_frame].as_int == INVALID_MV)));
+}
+
+#define LEFT_TOP_MARGIN ((AOM_BORDER_IN_PIXELS - AOM_INTERP_EXTEND) << 3)
+#define RIGHT_BOTTOM_MARGIN ((AOM_BORDER_IN_PIXELS - AOM_INTERP_EXTEND) << 3)
+
+// TODO(jingning): this mv clamping function should be block size dependent.
+static INLINE void clamp_mv2(MV *mv, const MACROBLOCKD *xd) {
+  clamp_mv(mv, xd->mb_to_left_edge - LEFT_TOP_MARGIN,
+           xd->mb_to_right_edge + RIGHT_BOTTOM_MARGIN,
+           xd->mb_to_top_edge - LEFT_TOP_MARGIN,
+           xd->mb_to_bottom_edge + RIGHT_BOTTOM_MARGIN);
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#if CONFIG_WEDGE
+static int estimate_wedge_sign(const AV1_COMP *cpi, const MACROBLOCK *x,
+                               const BLOCK_SIZE bsize, const uint8_t *pred0,
+                               int stride0, const uint8_t *pred1, int stride1) {
+  const struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[0];
+  const uint8_t *src = p->src.buf;
+  int src_stride = p->src.stride;
+  const int f_index = bsize - BLOCK_8X8;
+  const int bw = block_size_wide[bsize];
+  const int bh = block_size_high[bsize];
+  uint32_t esq[2][4], var;
+  int64_t tl, br;
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (x->e_mbd.cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+    pred0 = CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(pred0);
+    pred1 = CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(pred1);
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+  var = cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src, src_stride, pred0, stride0, &esq[0][0]);
+  var = cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src + bw / 2, src_stride, pred0 + bw / 2,
+                                stride0, &esq[0][1]);
+  var = cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src + bh / 2 * src_stride, src_stride,
+                                pred0 + bh / 2 * stride0, stride0, &esq[0][2]);
+  var = cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src + bh / 2 * src_stride + bw / 2, src_stride,
+                                pred0 + bh / 2 * stride0 + bw / 2, stride0,
+                                &esq[0][3]);
+  var = cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src, src_stride, pred1, stride1, &esq[1][0]);
+  var = cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src + bw / 2, src_stride, pred1 + bw / 2,
+                                stride1, &esq[1][1]);
+  var = cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src + bh / 2 * src_stride, src_stride,
+                                pred1 + bh / 2 * stride1, stride0, &esq[1][2]);
+  var = cpi->fn_ptr[f_index].vf(src + bh / 2 * src_stride + bw / 2, src_stride,
+                                pred1 + bh / 2 * stride1 + bw / 2, stride0,
+                                &esq[1][3]);
+  (void)var;
+
+  tl = (int64_t)(esq[0][0] + esq[0][1] + esq[0][2]) -
+       (int64_t)(esq[1][0] + esq[1][1] + esq[1][2]);
+  br = (int64_t)(esq[1][3] + esq[1][1] + esq[1][2]) -
+       (int64_t)(esq[0][3] + esq[0][1] + esq[0][2]);
+  return (tl + br > 0);
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_WEDGE
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+#if !CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+static InterpFilter predict_interp_filter(
+    const AV1_COMP *cpi, const MACROBLOCK *x, const BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+    const int mi_row, const int mi_col,
+    InterpFilter (*single_filter)[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME]) {
+  InterpFilter best_filter = SWITCHABLE;
+  const AV1_COMMON *cm = &cpi->common;
+  const MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  int bsl = mi_width_log2_lookup[bsize];
+  int pred_filter_search =
+      cpi->sf.cb_pred_filter_search
+          ? (((mi_row + mi_col) >> bsl) +
+             get_chessboard_index(cm->current_video_frame)) &
+                0x1
+          : 0;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  const int is_comp_pred = has_second_ref(mbmi);
+  const int this_mode = mbmi->mode;
+  int refs[2] = { mbmi->ref_frame[0],
+                  (mbmi->ref_frame[1] < 0 ? 0 : mbmi->ref_frame[1]) };
+  if (pred_filter_search) {
+    InterpFilter af = SWITCHABLE, lf = SWITCHABLE;
+    if (xd->up_available) af = xd->mi[-xd->mi_stride]->mbmi.interp_filter;
+    if (xd->left_available) lf = xd->mi[-1]->mbmi.interp_filter;
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    if ((this_mode != NEWMV && this_mode != NEW_NEWMV) || (af == lf))
+#else
+    if ((this_mode != NEWMV) || (af == lf))
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      best_filter = af;
+  }
+  if (is_comp_pred) {
+    if (cpi->sf.adaptive_mode_search) {
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      switch (this_mode) {
+        case NEAREST_NEARESTMV:
+          if (single_filter[NEARESTMV][refs[0]] ==
+              single_filter[NEARESTMV][refs[1]])
+            best_filter = single_filter[NEARESTMV][refs[0]];
+          break;
+        case NEAREST_NEARMV:
+          if (single_filter[NEARESTMV][refs[0]] ==
+              single_filter[NEARMV][refs[1]])
+            best_filter = single_filter[NEARESTMV][refs[0]];
+          break;
+        case NEAR_NEARESTMV:
+          if (single_filter[NEARMV][refs[0]] ==
+              single_filter[NEARESTMV][refs[1]])
+            best_filter = single_filter[NEARMV][refs[0]];
+          break;
+        case NEAR_NEARMV:
+          if (single_filter[NEARMV][refs[0]] == single_filter[NEARMV][refs[1]])
+            best_filter = single_filter[NEARMV][refs[0]];
+          break;
+        case ZERO_ZEROMV:
+          if (single_filter[ZEROMV][refs[0]] == single_filter[ZEROMV][refs[1]])
+            best_filter = single_filter[ZEROMV][refs[0]];
+          break;
+        case NEW_NEWMV:
+          if (single_filter[NEWMV][refs[0]] == single_filter[NEWMV][refs[1]])
+            best_filter = single_filter[NEWMV][refs[0]];
+          break;
+        case NEAREST_NEWMV:
+          if (single_filter[NEARESTMV][refs[0]] ==
+              single_filter[NEWMV][refs[1]])
+            best_filter = single_filter[NEARESTMV][refs[0]];
+          break;
+        case NEAR_NEWMV:
+          if (single_filter[NEARMV][refs[0]] == single_filter[NEWMV][refs[1]])
+            best_filter = single_filter[NEARMV][refs[0]];
+          break;
+        case NEW_NEARESTMV:
+          if (single_filter[NEWMV][refs[0]] ==
+              single_filter[NEARESTMV][refs[1]])
+            best_filter = single_filter[NEWMV][refs[0]];
+          break;
+        case NEW_NEARMV:
+          if (single_filter[NEWMV][refs[0]] == single_filter[NEARMV][refs[1]])
+            best_filter = single_filter[NEWMV][refs[0]];
+          break;
+        default:
+          if (single_filter[this_mode][refs[0]] ==
+              single_filter[this_mode][refs[1]])
+            best_filter = single_filter[this_mode][refs[0]];
+          break;
+      }
+#else
+      if (single_filter[this_mode][refs[0]] ==
+          single_filter[this_mode][refs[1]])
+        best_filter = single_filter[this_mode][refs[0]];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    }
+  }
+  if (x->source_variance < cpi->sf.disable_filter_search_var_thresh) {
+    best_filter = EIGHTTAP_REGULAR;
+  }
+  return best_filter;
+}
+#endif  // !CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+// Choose the best wedge index and sign
+#if CONFIG_WEDGE
+static int64_t pick_wedge(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, const MACROBLOCK *const x,
+                          const BLOCK_SIZE bsize, const uint8_t *const p0,
+                          const uint8_t *const p1, int *const best_wedge_sign,
+                          int *const best_wedge_index) {
+  const MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const struct buf_2d *const src = &x->plane[0].src;
+  const int bw = block_size_wide[bsize];
+  const int bh = block_size_high[bsize];
+  const int N = bw * bh;
+  int rate;
+  int64_t dist;
+  int64_t rd, best_rd = INT64_MAX;
+  int wedge_index;
+  int wedge_sign;
+  int wedge_types = (1 << get_wedge_bits_lookup(bsize));
+  const uint8_t *mask;
+  uint64_t sse;
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  const int hbd = xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH;
+  const int bd_round = hbd ? (xd->bd - 8) * 2 : 0;
+#else
+  const int bd_round = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(32, int16_t, r0[MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(32, int16_t, r1[MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(32, int16_t, d10[MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(32, int16_t, ds[MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+
+  int64_t sign_limit;
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (hbd) {
+    aom_highbd_subtract_block(bh, bw, r0, bw, src->buf, src->stride,
+                              CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(p0), bw, xd->bd);
+    aom_highbd_subtract_block(bh, bw, r1, bw, src->buf, src->stride,
+                              CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(p1), bw, xd->bd);
+    aom_highbd_subtract_block(bh, bw, d10, bw, CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(p1), bw,
+                              CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(p0), bw, xd->bd);
+  } else  // NOLINT
+#endif    // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  {
+    aom_subtract_block(bh, bw, r0, bw, src->buf, src->stride, p0, bw);
+    aom_subtract_block(bh, bw, r1, bw, src->buf, src->stride, p1, bw);
+    aom_subtract_block(bh, bw, d10, bw, p1, bw, p0, bw);
+  }
+
+  sign_limit = ((int64_t)aom_sum_squares_i16(r0, N) -
+                (int64_t)aom_sum_squares_i16(r1, N)) *
+               (1 << WEDGE_WEIGHT_BITS) / 2;
+
+  if (N < 64)
+    av1_wedge_compute_delta_squares_c(ds, r0, r1, N);
+  else
+    av1_wedge_compute_delta_squares(ds, r0, r1, N);
+
+  for (wedge_index = 0; wedge_index < wedge_types; ++wedge_index) {
+    mask = av1_get_contiguous_soft_mask(wedge_index, 0, bsize);
+
+    // TODO(jingning): Make sse2 functions support N = 16 case
+    if (N < 64)
+      wedge_sign = av1_wedge_sign_from_residuals_c(ds, mask, N, sign_limit);
+    else
+      wedge_sign = av1_wedge_sign_from_residuals(ds, mask, N, sign_limit);
+
+    mask = av1_get_contiguous_soft_mask(wedge_index, wedge_sign, bsize);
+    if (N < 64)
+      sse = av1_wedge_sse_from_residuals_c(r1, d10, mask, N);
+    else
+      sse = av1_wedge_sse_from_residuals(r1, d10, mask, N);
+    sse = ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(sse, bd_round);
+
+    model_rd_from_sse(cpi, xd, bsize, 0, sse, &rate, &dist);
+    rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate, dist);
+
+    if (rd < best_rd) {
+      *best_wedge_index = wedge_index;
+      *best_wedge_sign = wedge_sign;
+      best_rd = rd;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return best_rd;
+}
+
+// Choose the best wedge index the specified sign
+static int64_t pick_wedge_fixed_sign(
+    const AV1_COMP *const cpi, const MACROBLOCK *const x,
+    const BLOCK_SIZE bsize, const uint8_t *const p0, const uint8_t *const p1,
+    const int wedge_sign, int *const best_wedge_index) {
+  const MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const struct buf_2d *const src = &x->plane[0].src;
+  const int bw = block_size_wide[bsize];
+  const int bh = block_size_high[bsize];
+  const int N = bw * bh;
+  int rate;
+  int64_t dist;
+  int64_t rd, best_rd = INT64_MAX;
+  int wedge_index;
+  int wedge_types = (1 << get_wedge_bits_lookup(bsize));
+  const uint8_t *mask;
+  uint64_t sse;
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  const int hbd = xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH;
+  const int bd_round = hbd ? (xd->bd - 8) * 2 : 0;
+#else
+  const int bd_round = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(32, int16_t, r1[MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(32, int16_t, d10[MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (hbd) {
+    aom_highbd_subtract_block(bh, bw, r1, bw, src->buf, src->stride,
+                              CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(p1), bw, xd->bd);
+    aom_highbd_subtract_block(bh, bw, d10, bw, CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(p1), bw,
+                              CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(p0), bw, xd->bd);
+  } else  // NOLINT
+#endif    // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  {
+    aom_subtract_block(bh, bw, r1, bw, src->buf, src->stride, p1, bw);
+    aom_subtract_block(bh, bw, d10, bw, p1, bw, p0, bw);
+  }
+
+  for (wedge_index = 0; wedge_index < wedge_types; ++wedge_index) {
+    mask = av1_get_contiguous_soft_mask(wedge_index, wedge_sign, bsize);
+    if (N < 64)
+      sse = av1_wedge_sse_from_residuals_c(r1, d10, mask, N);
+    else
+      sse = av1_wedge_sse_from_residuals(r1, d10, mask, N);
+    sse = ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(sse, bd_round);
+
+    model_rd_from_sse(cpi, xd, bsize, 0, sse, &rate, &dist);
+    rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate, dist);
+
+    if (rd < best_rd) {
+      *best_wedge_index = wedge_index;
+      best_rd = rd;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return best_rd;
+}
+
+static int64_t pick_interinter_wedge(const AV1_COMP *const cpi,
+                                     MACROBLOCK *const x,
+                                     const BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                                     const uint8_t *const p0,
+                                     const uint8_t *const p1) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  const int bw = block_size_wide[bsize];
+
+  int64_t rd;
+  int wedge_index = -1;
+  int wedge_sign = 0;
+
+  assert(is_interinter_compound_used(COMPOUND_WEDGE, bsize));
+
+  if (cpi->sf.fast_wedge_sign_estimate) {
+    wedge_sign = estimate_wedge_sign(cpi, x, bsize, p0, bw, p1, bw);
+    rd = pick_wedge_fixed_sign(cpi, x, bsize, p0, p1, wedge_sign, &wedge_index);
+  } else {
+    rd = pick_wedge(cpi, x, bsize, p0, p1, &wedge_sign, &wedge_index);
+  }
+
+  mbmi->wedge_sign = wedge_sign;
+  mbmi->wedge_index = wedge_index;
+  return rd;
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_WEDGE
+
+#if CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT
+static int64_t pick_interinter_seg(const AV1_COMP *const cpi,
+                                   MACROBLOCK *const x, const BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                                   const uint8_t *const p0,
+                                   const uint8_t *const p1) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  const struct buf_2d *const src = &x->plane[0].src;
+  const int bw = block_size_wide[bsize];
+  const int bh = block_size_high[bsize];
+  const int N = bw * bh;
+  int rate;
+  uint64_t sse;
+  int64_t dist;
+  int64_t rd0;
+  SEG_MASK_TYPE cur_mask_type;
+  int64_t best_rd = INT64_MAX;
+  SEG_MASK_TYPE best_mask_type = 0;
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  const int hbd = xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH;
+  const int bd_round = hbd ? (xd->bd - 8) * 2 : 0;
+#else
+  const int bd_round = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(32, int16_t, r0[MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(32, int16_t, r1[MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(32, int16_t, d10[MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (hbd) {
+    aom_highbd_subtract_block(bh, bw, r0, bw, src->buf, src->stride,
+                              CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(p0), bw, xd->bd);
+    aom_highbd_subtract_block(bh, bw, r1, bw, src->buf, src->stride,
+                              CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(p1), bw, xd->bd);
+    aom_highbd_subtract_block(bh, bw, d10, bw, CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(p1), bw,
+                              CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(p0), bw, xd->bd);
+  } else  // NOLINT
+#endif    // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  {
+    aom_subtract_block(bh, bw, r0, bw, src->buf, src->stride, p0, bw);
+    aom_subtract_block(bh, bw, r1, bw, src->buf, src->stride, p1, bw);
+    aom_subtract_block(bh, bw, d10, bw, p1, bw, p0, bw);
+  }
+
+  // try each mask type and its inverse
+  for (cur_mask_type = 0; cur_mask_type < SEG_MASK_TYPES; cur_mask_type++) {
+// build mask and inverse
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    if (hbd)
+      build_compound_seg_mask_highbd(
+          xd->seg_mask, cur_mask_type, CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(p0), bw,
+          CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(p1), bw, bsize, bh, bw, xd->bd);
+    else
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      build_compound_seg_mask(xd->seg_mask, cur_mask_type, p0, bw, p1, bw,
+                              bsize, bh, bw);
+
+    // compute rd for mask
+    sse = av1_wedge_sse_from_residuals(r1, d10, xd->seg_mask, N);
+    sse = ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(sse, bd_round);
+
+    model_rd_from_sse(cpi, xd, bsize, 0, sse, &rate, &dist);
+    rd0 = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate, dist);
+
+    if (rd0 < best_rd) {
+      best_mask_type = cur_mask_type;
+      best_rd = rd0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // make final mask
+  mbmi->mask_type = best_mask_type;
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (hbd)
+    build_compound_seg_mask_highbd(
+        xd->seg_mask, mbmi->mask_type, CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(p0), bw,
+        CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(p1), bw, bsize, bh, bw, xd->bd);
+  else
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    build_compound_seg_mask(xd->seg_mask, mbmi->mask_type, p0, bw, p1, bw,
+                            bsize, bh, bw);
+
+  return best_rd;
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT
+
+#if CONFIG_WEDGE && CONFIG_INTERINTRA
+static int64_t pick_interintra_wedge(const AV1_COMP *const cpi,
+                                     const MACROBLOCK *const x,
+                                     const BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                                     const uint8_t *const p0,
+                                     const uint8_t *const p1) {
+  const MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+
+  int64_t rd;
+  int wedge_index = -1;
+
+  assert(is_interintra_wedge_used(bsize));
+
+  rd = pick_wedge_fixed_sign(cpi, x, bsize, p0, p1, 0, &wedge_index);
+
+  mbmi->interintra_wedge_sign = 0;
+  mbmi->interintra_wedge_index = wedge_index;
+  return rd;
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_WEDGE && CONFIG_INTERINTRA
+
+#if CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT || CONFIG_WEDGE
+static int64_t pick_interinter_mask(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                    const BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                                    const uint8_t *const p0,
+                                    const uint8_t *const p1) {
+  const COMPOUND_TYPE compound_type =
+      x->e_mbd.mi[0]->mbmi.interinter_compound_type;
+  switch (compound_type) {
+#if CONFIG_WEDGE
+    case COMPOUND_WEDGE: return pick_interinter_wedge(cpi, x, bsize, p0, p1);
+#endif  // CONFIG_WEDGE
+#if CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT
+    case COMPOUND_SEG: return pick_interinter_seg(cpi, x, bsize, p0, p1);
+#endif  // CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT
+    default: assert(0); return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+static int interinter_compound_motion_search(const AV1_COMP *const cpi,
+                                             MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                             const BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                                             const int this_mode, int mi_row,
+                                             int mi_col) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  int_mv tmp_mv[2];
+  int rate_mvs[2], tmp_rate_mv = 0;
+  const INTERINTER_COMPOUND_DATA compound_data = {
+#if CONFIG_WEDGE
+    mbmi->wedge_index,
+    mbmi->wedge_sign,
+#endif  // CONFIG_WEDGE
+#if CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT
+    mbmi->mask_type,
+    xd->seg_mask,
+#endif  // CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT
+    mbmi->interinter_compound_type
+  };
+  if (this_mode == NEW_NEWMV) {
+    do_masked_motion_search_indexed(cpi, x, &compound_data, bsize, mi_row,
+                                    mi_col, tmp_mv, rate_mvs, 2);
+    tmp_rate_mv = rate_mvs[0] + rate_mvs[1];
+    mbmi->mv[0].as_int = tmp_mv[0].as_int;
+    mbmi->mv[1].as_int = tmp_mv[1].as_int;
+  } else if (this_mode == NEW_NEARESTMV || this_mode == NEW_NEARMV) {
+    do_masked_motion_search_indexed(cpi, x, &compound_data, bsize, mi_row,
+                                    mi_col, tmp_mv, rate_mvs, 0);
+    tmp_rate_mv = rate_mvs[0];
+    mbmi->mv[0].as_int = tmp_mv[0].as_int;
+  } else if (this_mode == NEAREST_NEWMV || this_mode == NEAR_NEWMV) {
+    do_masked_motion_search_indexed(cpi, x, &compound_data, bsize, mi_row,
+                                    mi_col, tmp_mv, rate_mvs, 1);
+    tmp_rate_mv = rate_mvs[1];
+    mbmi->mv[1].as_int = tmp_mv[1].as_int;
+  }
+  return tmp_rate_mv;
+}
+
+static int64_t build_and_cost_compound_type(
+    const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, const int_mv *const cur_mv,
+    const BLOCK_SIZE bsize, const int this_mode, int rs2, int rate_mv,
+    BUFFER_SET *ctx, int *out_rate_mv, uint8_t **preds0, uint8_t **preds1,
+    int *strides, int mi_row, int mi_col) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  int rate_sum;
+  int64_t dist_sum;
+  int64_t best_rd_cur = INT64_MAX;
+  int64_t rd = INT64_MAX;
+  int tmp_skip_txfm_sb;
+  int64_t tmp_skip_sse_sb;
+  const COMPOUND_TYPE compound_type = mbmi->interinter_compound_type;
+
+  best_rd_cur = pick_interinter_mask(cpi, x, bsize, *preds0, *preds1);
+  best_rd_cur += RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rs2 + rate_mv, 0);
+
+  if (have_newmv_in_inter_mode(this_mode) &&
+      use_masked_motion_search(compound_type)) {
+    *out_rate_mv = interinter_compound_motion_search(cpi, x, bsize, this_mode,
+                                                     mi_row, mi_col);
+    av1_build_inter_predictors_sby(xd, mi_row, mi_col, ctx, bsize);
+    model_rd_for_sb(cpi, bsize, x, xd, 0, 0, &rate_sum, &dist_sum,
+                    &tmp_skip_txfm_sb, &tmp_skip_sse_sb);
+    rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rs2 + *out_rate_mv + rate_sum, dist_sum);
+    if (rd >= best_rd_cur) {
+      mbmi->mv[0].as_int = cur_mv[0].as_int;
+      mbmi->mv[1].as_int = cur_mv[1].as_int;
+      *out_rate_mv = rate_mv;
+      av1_build_wedge_inter_predictor_from_buf(xd, bsize, 0, 0,
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+                                               0, 0,
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+                                               preds0, strides, preds1,
+                                               strides);
+    }
+    av1_subtract_plane(x, bsize, 0);
+    rd = estimate_yrd_for_sb(cpi, bsize, x, &rate_sum, &dist_sum,
+                             &tmp_skip_txfm_sb, &tmp_skip_sse_sb, INT64_MAX);
+    if (rd != INT64_MAX)
+      rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rs2 + *out_rate_mv + rate_sum, dist_sum);
+    best_rd_cur = rd;
+
+  } else {
+    av1_build_wedge_inter_predictor_from_buf(xd, bsize, 0, 0,
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+                                             0, 0,
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+                                             preds0, strides, preds1, strides);
+    av1_subtract_plane(x, bsize, 0);
+    rd = estimate_yrd_for_sb(cpi, bsize, x, &rate_sum, &dist_sum,
+                             &tmp_skip_txfm_sb, &tmp_skip_sse_sb, INT64_MAX);
+    if (rd != INT64_MAX)
+      rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rs2 + rate_mv + rate_sum, dist_sum);
+    best_rd_cur = rd;
+  }
+  return best_rd_cur;
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT || CONFIG_WEDGE
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+typedef struct {
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+  // Inter prediction buffers and respective strides
+  uint8_t *above_pred_buf[MAX_MB_PLANE];
+  int above_pred_stride[MAX_MB_PLANE];
+  uint8_t *left_pred_buf[MAX_MB_PLANE];
+  int left_pred_stride[MAX_MB_PLANE];
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+  int_mv *single_newmv;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  // Pointer to array of motion vectors to use for each ref and their rates
+  // Should point to first of 2 arrays in 2D array
+  int *single_newmv_rate;
+  // Pointers costs of compound inter-intra and inter-inter predictions
+  int *compmode_interintra_cost;
+  int *compmode_interinter_cost;
+  // Pointer to array of predicted rate-distortion
+  // Should point to first of 2 arrays in 2D array
+  int64_t (*modelled_rd)[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  InterpFilter single_filter[MB_MODE_COUNT][TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME];
+} HandleInterModeArgs;
+
+static int64_t handle_newmv(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *const x,
+                            const BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                            int_mv (*const mode_mv)[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME],
+                            const int mi_row, const int mi_col,
+                            int *const rate_mv, int_mv *const single_newmv,
+                            HandleInterModeArgs *const args) {
+  const MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  const MB_MODE_INFO_EXT *const mbmi_ext = x->mbmi_ext;
+  const int is_comp_pred = has_second_ref(mbmi);
+  const PREDICTION_MODE this_mode = mbmi->mode;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  const int is_comp_interintra_pred = (mbmi->ref_frame[1] == INTRA_FRAME);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  int_mv *const frame_mv = mode_mv[this_mode];
+  const int refs[2] = { mbmi->ref_frame[0],
+                        mbmi->ref_frame[1] < 0 ? 0 : mbmi->ref_frame[1] };
+  int i;
+
+  (void)args;
+
+  if (is_comp_pred) {
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      single_newmv[refs[i]].as_int = args->single_newmv[refs[i]].as_int;
+    }
+
+    if (this_mode == NEW_NEWMV) {
+      frame_mv[refs[0]].as_int = single_newmv[refs[0]].as_int;
+      frame_mv[refs[1]].as_int = single_newmv[refs[1]].as_int;
+
+      if (cpi->sf.comp_inter_joint_search_thresh <= bsize) {
+        joint_motion_search(cpi, x, bsize, frame_mv, mi_row, mi_col, NULL,
+                            rate_mv, 0);
+      } else {
+        *rate_mv = 0;
+        for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+          av1_set_mvcost(x, refs[i], i, mbmi->ref_mv_idx);
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+          *rate_mv += av1_mv_bit_cost(
+              &frame_mv[refs[i]].as_mv, &mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[refs[i]][0].as_mv,
+              x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost, MV_COST_WEIGHT);
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (this_mode == NEAREST_NEWMV || this_mode == NEAR_NEWMV) {
+      frame_mv[refs[1]].as_int = single_newmv[refs[1]].as_int;
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+      av1_set_mvcost(x, refs[1], 1, mbmi->ref_mv_idx);
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+      *rate_mv = av1_mv_bit_cost(&frame_mv[refs[1]].as_mv,
+                                 &mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[refs[1]][0].as_mv,
+                                 x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost, MV_COST_WEIGHT);
+    } else {
+      assert(this_mode == NEW_NEARESTMV || this_mode == NEW_NEARMV);
+      frame_mv[refs[0]].as_int = single_newmv[refs[0]].as_int;
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+      av1_set_mvcost(x, refs[0], 0, mbmi->ref_mv_idx);
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+      *rate_mv = av1_mv_bit_cost(&frame_mv[refs[0]].as_mv,
+                                 &mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[refs[0]][0].as_mv,
+                                 x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost, MV_COST_WEIGHT);
+    }
+#else
+    // Initialize mv using single prediction mode result.
+    frame_mv[refs[0]].as_int = single_newmv[refs[0]].as_int;
+    frame_mv[refs[1]].as_int = single_newmv[refs[1]].as_int;
+
+    if (cpi->sf.comp_inter_joint_search_thresh <= bsize) {
+      joint_motion_search(cpi, x, bsize, frame_mv, mi_row, mi_col, rate_mv, 0);
+    } else {
+      *rate_mv = 0;
+      for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+        av1_set_mvcost(x, refs[i], i, mbmi->ref_mv_idx);
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+        *rate_mv += av1_mv_bit_cost(&frame_mv[refs[i]].as_mv,
+                                    &mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[refs[i]][0].as_mv,
+                                    x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost, MV_COST_WEIGHT);
+      }
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  } else {
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    if (is_comp_interintra_pred) {
+      x->best_mv = args->single_newmv[refs[0]];
+      *rate_mv = args->single_newmv_rate[refs[0]];
+    } else {
+      single_motion_search(cpi, x, bsize, mi_row, mi_col, 0, rate_mv);
+      args->single_newmv[refs[0]] = x->best_mv;
+      args->single_newmv_rate[refs[0]] = *rate_mv;
+    }
+#else
+    single_motion_search(cpi, x, bsize, mi_row, mi_col, rate_mv);
+    single_newmv[refs[0]] = x->best_mv;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+    if (x->best_mv.as_int == INVALID_MV) return INT64_MAX;
+
+    frame_mv[refs[0]] = x->best_mv;
+    xd->mi[0]->bmi[0].as_mv[0] = x->best_mv;
+
+    // Estimate the rate implications of a new mv but discount this
+    // under certain circumstances where we want to help initiate a weak
+    // motion field, where the distortion gain for a single block may not
+    // be enough to overcome the cost of a new mv.
+    if (discount_newmv_test(cpi, this_mode, x->best_mv, mode_mv, refs[0])) {
+      *rate_mv = AOMMAX(*rate_mv / NEW_MV_DISCOUNT_FACTOR, 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int64_t interpolation_filter_search(
+    MACROBLOCK *const x, const AV1_COMP *const cpi, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+    int mi_row, int mi_col, const BUFFER_SET *const tmp_dst,
+    BUFFER_SET *const orig_dst,
+    InterpFilter (*const single_filter)[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME],
+    int64_t *const rd, int *const switchable_rate, int *const skip_txfm_sb,
+    int64_t *const skip_sse_sb) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  int i;
+  int tmp_rate;
+  int64_t tmp_dist;
+
+  (void)single_filter;
+
+  InterpFilter assign_filter = SWITCHABLE;
+
+  if (cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE) {
+#if !CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+    assign_filter = av1_is_interp_needed(xd)
+                        ? predict_interp_filter(cpi, x, bsize, mi_row, mi_col,
+                                                single_filter)
+                        : cm->interp_filter;
+#endif  // !CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+  } else {
+    assign_filter = cm->interp_filter;
+  }
+
+  set_default_interp_filters(mbmi, assign_filter);
+
+  *switchable_rate = av1_get_switchable_rate(cpi, xd);
+  av1_build_inter_predictors_sb(xd, mi_row, mi_col, orig_dst, bsize);
+  model_rd_for_sb(cpi, bsize, x, xd, 0, MAX_MB_PLANE - 1, &tmp_rate, &tmp_dist,
+                  skip_txfm_sb, skip_sse_sb);
+  *rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, *switchable_rate + tmp_rate, tmp_dist);
+
+  if (assign_filter == SWITCHABLE) {
+    // do interp_filter search
+    if (av1_is_interp_needed(xd) && av1_is_interp_search_needed(xd)) {
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+      const int filter_set_size = DUAL_FILTER_SET_SIZE;
+#else
+      const int filter_set_size = SWITCHABLE_FILTERS;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+      int best_in_temp = 0;
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+      InterpFilter best_filter[4];
+      av1_copy(best_filter, mbmi->interp_filter);
+#else
+      InterpFilter best_filter = mbmi->interp_filter;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+      restore_dst_buf(xd, *tmp_dst);
+      // EIGHTTAP_REGULAR mode is calculated beforehand
+      for (i = 1; i < filter_set_size; ++i) {
+        int tmp_skip_sb = 0;
+        int64_t tmp_skip_sse = INT64_MAX;
+        int tmp_rs;
+        int64_t tmp_rd;
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+        mbmi->interp_filter[0] = filter_sets[i][0];
+        mbmi->interp_filter[1] = filter_sets[i][1];
+        mbmi->interp_filter[2] = filter_sets[i][0];
+        mbmi->interp_filter[3] = filter_sets[i][1];
+#else
+        mbmi->interp_filter = (InterpFilter)i;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+        tmp_rs = av1_get_switchable_rate(cpi, xd);
+        av1_build_inter_predictors_sb(xd, mi_row, mi_col, orig_dst, bsize);
+        model_rd_for_sb(cpi, bsize, x, xd, 0, MAX_MB_PLANE - 1, &tmp_rate,
+                        &tmp_dist, &tmp_skip_sb, &tmp_skip_sse);
+        tmp_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, tmp_rs + tmp_rate, tmp_dist);
+
+        if (tmp_rd < *rd) {
+          *rd = tmp_rd;
+          *switchable_rate = av1_get_switchable_rate(cpi, xd);
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+          av1_copy(best_filter, mbmi->interp_filter);
+#else
+          best_filter = mbmi->interp_filter;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+          *skip_txfm_sb = tmp_skip_sb;
+          *skip_sse_sb = tmp_skip_sse;
+          best_in_temp = !best_in_temp;
+          if (best_in_temp) {
+            restore_dst_buf(xd, *orig_dst);
+          } else {
+            restore_dst_buf(xd, *tmp_dst);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (best_in_temp) {
+        restore_dst_buf(xd, *tmp_dst);
+      } else {
+        restore_dst_buf(xd, *orig_dst);
+      }
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+      av1_copy(mbmi->interp_filter, best_filter);
+#else
+      mbmi->interp_filter = best_filter;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+    } else {
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+      for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
+        assert(mbmi->interp_filter[i] == EIGHTTAP_REGULAR);
+#else
+      assert(mbmi->interp_filter == EIGHTTAP_REGULAR);
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// TODO(afergs): Refactor the MBMI references in here - there's four
+// TODO(afergs): Refactor optional args - add them to a struct or remove
+static int64_t motion_mode_rd(
+    const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *const x, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+    RD_STATS *rd_stats, RD_STATS *rd_stats_y, RD_STATS *rd_stats_uv,
+    int *disable_skip, int_mv (*mode_mv)[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME], int mi_row,
+    int mi_col, HandleInterModeArgs *const args, const int64_t ref_best_rd,
+    const int *refs, int rate_mv,
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    int rate2_bmc_nocoeff, MB_MODE_INFO *best_bmc_mbmi,
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+    int rate_mv_bmc,
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+    int rs, int *skip_txfm_sb, int64_t *skip_sse_sb, BUFFER_SET *orig_dst) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MODE_INFO *mi = xd->mi[0];
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &mi->mbmi;
+  const int is_comp_pred = has_second_ref(mbmi);
+  const PREDICTION_MODE this_mode = mbmi->mode;
+
+  (void)mode_mv;
+  (void)mi_row;
+  (void)mi_col;
+  (void)args;
+  (void)refs;
+  (void)rate_mv;
+  (void)is_comp_pred;
+  (void)this_mode;
+
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+  MOTION_MODE motion_mode, last_motion_mode_allowed;
+  int rate2_nocoeff = 0, best_xskip, best_disable_skip = 0;
+  RD_STATS best_rd_stats, best_rd_stats_y, best_rd_stats_uv;
+  MB_MODE_INFO base_mbmi, best_mbmi;
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+  uint8_t best_blk_skip[MAX_MB_PLANE][MAX_MIB_SIZE * MAX_MIB_SIZE * 4];
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+
+#if CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+  int pts[SAMPLES_ARRAY_SIZE], pts_inref[SAMPLES_ARRAY_SIZE];
+#endif  // CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+  av1_invalid_rd_stats(&best_rd_stats);
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+
+  if (cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE) rd_stats->rate += rs;
+#if CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+  aom_clear_system_state();
+  mbmi->num_proj_ref[0] = findSamples(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col, pts, pts_inref);
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  best_bmc_mbmi->num_proj_ref[0] = mbmi->num_proj_ref[0];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#endif  // CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+  rate2_nocoeff = rd_stats->rate;
+  last_motion_mode_allowed = motion_mode_allowed(
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION && SEPARATE_GLOBAL_MOTION
+      0, xd->global_motion,
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION && SEPARATE_GLOBAL_MOTION
+      mi);
+  base_mbmi = *mbmi;
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+  int64_t best_rd = INT64_MAX;
+  for (motion_mode = SIMPLE_TRANSLATION;
+       motion_mode <= last_motion_mode_allowed; motion_mode++) {
+    int64_t tmp_rd = INT64_MAX;
+    int tmp_rate;
+    int64_t tmp_dist;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    int tmp_rate2 =
+        motion_mode != SIMPLE_TRANSLATION ? rate2_bmc_nocoeff : rate2_nocoeff;
+#else
+    int tmp_rate2 = rate2_nocoeff;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+    *mbmi = base_mbmi;
+    mbmi->motion_mode = motion_mode;
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+    if (mbmi->motion_mode == OBMC_CAUSAL) {
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      *mbmi = *best_bmc_mbmi;
+      mbmi->motion_mode = OBMC_CAUSAL;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      if (!is_comp_pred && have_newmv_in_inter_mode(this_mode)) {
+        int tmp_rate_mv = 0;
+
+        single_motion_search(cpi, x, bsize, mi_row, mi_col,
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                             0,
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                             &tmp_rate_mv);
+        mbmi->mv[0].as_int = x->best_mv.as_int;
+        if (discount_newmv_test(cpi, this_mode, mbmi->mv[0], mode_mv,
+                                refs[0])) {
+          tmp_rate_mv = AOMMAX((tmp_rate_mv / NEW_MV_DISCOUNT_FACTOR), 1);
+        }
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+        tmp_rate2 = rate2_bmc_nocoeff - rate_mv_bmc + tmp_rate_mv;
+#else
+        tmp_rate2 = rate2_nocoeff - rate_mv + tmp_rate_mv;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+        if (!has_subpel_mv_component(xd->mi[0], xd, 0))
+          mbmi->interp_filter[0] = EIGHTTAP_REGULAR;
+        if (!has_subpel_mv_component(xd->mi[0], xd, 1))
+          mbmi->interp_filter[1] = EIGHTTAP_REGULAR;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+        av1_build_inter_predictors_sb(xd, mi_row, mi_col, orig_dst, bsize);
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      } else {
+        av1_build_inter_predictors_sb(xd, mi_row, mi_col, orig_dst, bsize);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      }
+      av1_build_obmc_inter_prediction(
+          cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col, args->above_pred_buf, args->above_pred_stride,
+          args->left_pred_buf, args->left_pred_stride);
+      model_rd_for_sb(cpi, bsize, x, xd, 0, MAX_MB_PLANE - 1, &tmp_rate,
+                      &tmp_dist, skip_txfm_sb, skip_sse_sb);
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+
+#if CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+    if (mbmi->motion_mode == WARPED_CAUSAL) {
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      *mbmi = *best_bmc_mbmi;
+      mbmi->motion_mode = WARPED_CAUSAL;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      mbmi->wm_params[0].wmtype = DEFAULT_WMTYPE;
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+      for (int dir = 0; dir < 4; ++dir)
+        mbmi->interp_filter[dir] = cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE
+                                       ? EIGHTTAP_REGULAR
+                                       : cm->interp_filter;
+#else
+      mbmi->interp_filter = cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE ? EIGHTTAP_REGULAR
+                                                            : cm->interp_filter;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+
+      if (find_projection(mbmi->num_proj_ref[0], pts, pts_inref, bsize,
+                          mbmi->mv[0].as_mv.row, mbmi->mv[0].as_mv.col,
+                          &mbmi->wm_params[0], mi_row, mi_col) == 0) {
+        av1_build_inter_predictors_sb(xd, mi_row, mi_col, NULL, bsize);
+        model_rd_for_sb(cpi, bsize, x, xd, 0, MAX_MB_PLANE - 1, &tmp_rate,
+                        &tmp_dist, skip_txfm_sb, skip_sse_sb);
+      } else {
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+    x->skip = 0;
+
+    rd_stats->dist = 0;
+    rd_stats->sse = 0;
+    rd_stats->skip = 1;
+    rd_stats->rate = tmp_rate2;
+    if (last_motion_mode_allowed > SIMPLE_TRANSLATION) {
+#if CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION && CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+      if (last_motion_mode_allowed == WARPED_CAUSAL)
+#endif  // CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION && CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+        rd_stats->rate += cpi->motion_mode_cost[bsize][mbmi->motion_mode];
+#if CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION && CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+      else
+        rd_stats->rate += cpi->motion_mode_cost1[bsize][mbmi->motion_mode];
+#endif  // CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION && CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+    }
+#if CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+    if (mbmi->motion_mode == WARPED_CAUSAL) {
+      rd_stats->rate -= rs;
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+    if (!*skip_txfm_sb) {
+      int64_t rdcosty = INT64_MAX;
+      int is_cost_valid_uv = 0;
+
+      // cost and distortion
+      av1_subtract_plane(x, bsize, 0);
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+      if (cm->tx_mode == TX_MODE_SELECT && !xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id]) {
+        select_tx_type_yrd(cpi, x, rd_stats_y, bsize, ref_best_rd);
+      } else {
+        int idx, idy;
+        super_block_yrd(cpi, x, rd_stats_y, bsize, ref_best_rd);
+        for (idy = 0; idy < xd->n8_h; ++idy)
+          for (idx = 0; idx < xd->n8_w; ++idx)
+            mbmi->inter_tx_size[idy][idx] = mbmi->tx_size;
+        memset(x->blk_skip[0], rd_stats_y->skip,
+               sizeof(uint8_t) * xd->n8_h * xd->n8_w * 4);
+      }
+#else
+    /* clang-format off */
+      super_block_yrd(cpi, x, rd_stats_y, bsize, ref_best_rd);
+/* clang-format on */
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+
+      if (rd_stats_y->rate == INT_MAX) {
+        av1_invalid_rd_stats(rd_stats);
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+        if (mbmi->motion_mode != SIMPLE_TRANSLATION) {
+          continue;
+        } else {
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+          restore_dst_buf(xd, *orig_dst);
+          return INT64_MAX;
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+        }
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+      }
+
+      av1_merge_rd_stats(rd_stats, rd_stats_y);
+
+      rdcosty = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rd_stats->rate, rd_stats->dist);
+      rdcosty = AOMMIN(rdcosty, RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, 0, rd_stats->sse));
+/* clang-format off */
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+      is_cost_valid_uv =
+          inter_block_uvrd(cpi, x, rd_stats_uv, bsize, ref_best_rd - rdcosty);
+#else
+      is_cost_valid_uv =
+          super_block_uvrd(cpi, x, rd_stats_uv, bsize, ref_best_rd - rdcosty);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+      if (!is_cost_valid_uv) {
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+        continue;
+#else
+        restore_dst_buf(xd, *orig_dst);
+        return INT64_MAX;
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+      }
+      /* clang-format on */
+      av1_merge_rd_stats(rd_stats, rd_stats_uv);
+#if CONFIG_RD_DEBUG
+      // record transform block coefficient cost
+      // TODO(angiebird): So far rd_debug tool only detects discrepancy of
+      // coefficient cost. Therefore, it is fine to copy rd_stats into mbmi
+      // here because we already collect the coefficient cost. Move this part to
+      // other place when we need to compare non-coefficient cost.
+      mbmi->rd_stats = *rd_stats;
+#endif  // CONFIG_RD_DEBUG
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+      if (rd_stats->skip) {
+        rd_stats->rate -= rd_stats_uv->rate + rd_stats_y->rate;
+        rd_stats_y->rate = 0;
+        rd_stats_uv->rate = 0;
+        rd_stats->rate += av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1);
+        mbmi->skip = 0;
+        // here mbmi->skip temporarily plays a role as what this_skip2 does
+      } else if (!xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id] &&
+                 (RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                         rd_stats_y->rate + rd_stats_uv->rate +
+                             av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 0),
+                         rd_stats->dist) >=
+                  RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                         av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1),
+                         rd_stats->sse))) {
+        rd_stats->rate -= rd_stats_uv->rate + rd_stats_y->rate;
+        rd_stats->rate += av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1);
+        rd_stats->dist = rd_stats->sse;
+        rd_stats_y->rate = 0;
+        rd_stats_uv->rate = 0;
+        mbmi->skip = 1;
+      } else {
+        rd_stats->rate += av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 0);
+        mbmi->skip = 0;
+      }
+      *disable_skip = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+    } else {
+      x->skip = 1;
+      *disable_skip = 1;
+      mbmi->tx_size = tx_size_from_tx_mode(bsize, cm->tx_mode, 1);
+
+// The cost of skip bit needs to be added.
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+      mbmi->skip = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+      rd_stats->rate += av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1);
+
+      rd_stats->dist = *skip_sse_sb;
+      rd_stats->sse = *skip_sse_sb;
+      rd_stats_y->rate = 0;
+      rd_stats_uv->rate = 0;
+      rd_stats->skip = 1;
+    }
+
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+    if (this_mode == ZEROMV
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+        || this_mode == ZERO_ZEROMV
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+        ) {
+      if (is_nontrans_global_motion(xd)) {
+        rd_stats->rate -= rs;
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+        mbmi->interp_filter[0] = cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE
+                                     ? EIGHTTAP_REGULAR
+                                     : cm->interp_filter;
+        mbmi->interp_filter[1] = cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE
+                                     ? EIGHTTAP_REGULAR
+                                     : cm->interp_filter;
+#else
+        mbmi->interp_filter = cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE
+                                  ? EIGHTTAP_REGULAR
+                                  : cm->interp_filter;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+      }
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+    tmp_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rd_stats->rate, rd_stats->dist);
+    if (mbmi->motion_mode == SIMPLE_TRANSLATION || (tmp_rd < best_rd)) {
+      best_mbmi = *mbmi;
+      best_rd = tmp_rd;
+      best_rd_stats = *rd_stats;
+      best_rd_stats_y = *rd_stats_y;
+      best_rd_stats_uv = *rd_stats_uv;
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+      for (int i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++i)
+        memcpy(best_blk_skip[i], x->blk_skip[i],
+               sizeof(uint8_t) * xd->n8_h * xd->n8_w * 4);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+      best_xskip = x->skip;
+      best_disable_skip = *disable_skip;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (best_rd == INT64_MAX) {
+    av1_invalid_rd_stats(rd_stats);
+    restore_dst_buf(xd, *orig_dst);
+    return INT64_MAX;
+  }
+  *mbmi = best_mbmi;
+  *rd_stats = best_rd_stats;
+  *rd_stats_y = best_rd_stats_y;
+  *rd_stats_uv = best_rd_stats_uv;
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+  for (int i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++i)
+    memcpy(x->blk_skip[i], best_blk_skip[i],
+           sizeof(uint8_t) * xd->n8_h * xd->n8_w * 4);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+  x->skip = best_xskip;
+  *disable_skip = best_disable_skip;
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+
+  restore_dst_buf(xd, *orig_dst);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int64_t handle_inter_mode(
+    const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+    RD_STATS *rd_stats, RD_STATS *rd_stats_y, RD_STATS *rd_stats_uv,
+    int *disable_skip, int_mv (*mode_mv)[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME], int mi_row,
+    int mi_col, HandleInterModeArgs *args, const int64_t ref_best_rd) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *cm = &cpi->common;
+  (void)cm;
+  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MODE_INFO *mi = xd->mi[0];
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &mi->mbmi;
+  MB_MODE_INFO_EXT *const mbmi_ext = x->mbmi_ext;
+  const int is_comp_pred = has_second_ref(mbmi);
+  const int this_mode = mbmi->mode;
+  int_mv *frame_mv = mode_mv[this_mode];
+  int i;
+  int refs[2] = { mbmi->ref_frame[0],
+                  (mbmi->ref_frame[1] < 0 ? 0 : mbmi->ref_frame[1]) };
+  int_mv cur_mv[2];
+  int rate_mv = 0;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  int pred_exists = 1;
+  const int bw = block_size_wide[bsize];
+  int_mv single_newmv[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME];
+#if CONFIG_INTERINTRA
+  const unsigned int *const interintra_mode_cost =
+      cpi->interintra_mode_cost[size_group_lookup[bsize]];
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTERINTRA
+  const int is_comp_interintra_pred = (mbmi->ref_frame[1] == INTRA_FRAME);
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+  uint8_t ref_frame_type = av1_ref_frame_type(mbmi->ref_frame);
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+#else
+  int_mv *const single_newmv = args->single_newmv;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint8_t, tmp_buf_[2 * MAX_MB_PLANE * MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+#else
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint8_t, tmp_buf_[MAX_MB_PLANE * MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  uint8_t *tmp_buf;
+
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  int rate2_bmc_nocoeff;
+  MB_MODE_INFO best_bmc_mbmi;
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+  int rate_mv_bmc;
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+  int64_t rd = INT64_MAX;
+  BUFFER_SET orig_dst, tmp_dst;
+  int rs = 0;
+
+  int skip_txfm_sb = 0;
+  int64_t skip_sse_sb = INT64_MAX;
+  int16_t mode_ctx;
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  *args->compmode_interintra_cost = 0;
+  mbmi->use_wedge_interintra = 0;
+  *args->compmode_interinter_cost = 0;
+  mbmi->interinter_compound_type = COMPOUND_AVERAGE;
+
+  // is_comp_interintra_pred implies !is_comp_pred
+  assert(!is_comp_interintra_pred || (!is_comp_pred));
+  // is_comp_interintra_pred implies is_interintra_allowed(mbmi->sb_type)
+  assert(!is_comp_interintra_pred || is_interintra_allowed(mbmi));
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  if (is_comp_pred)
+    mode_ctx = mbmi_ext->compound_mode_context[refs[0]];
+  else
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    mode_ctx = av1_mode_context_analyzer(mbmi_ext->mode_context,
+                                         mbmi->ref_frame, bsize, -1);
+#else   // CONFIG_REF_MV
+  mode_ctx = mbmi_ext->mode_context[refs[0]];
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH)
+    tmp_buf = CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(tmp_buf_);
+  else
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    tmp_buf = tmp_buf_;
+  // Make sure that we didn't leave the plane destination buffers set
+  // to tmp_buf at the end of the last iteration
+  assert(xd->plane[0].dst.buf != tmp_buf);
+
+#if CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+  mbmi->num_proj_ref[0] = 0;
+  mbmi->num_proj_ref[1] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+
+  if (is_comp_pred) {
+    if (frame_mv[refs[0]].as_int == INVALID_MV ||
+        frame_mv[refs[1]].as_int == INVALID_MV)
+      return INT64_MAX;
+  }
+
+  mbmi->motion_mode = SIMPLE_TRANSLATION;
+  if (have_newmv_in_inter_mode(this_mode)) {
+    const int64_t ret_val = handle_newmv(cpi, x, bsize, mode_mv, mi_row, mi_col,
+                                         &rate_mv, single_newmv, args);
+    if (ret_val != 0)
+      return ret_val;
+    else
+      rd_stats->rate += rate_mv;
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < is_comp_pred + 1; ++i) {
+    cur_mv[i] = frame_mv[refs[i]];
+    // Clip "next_nearest" so that it does not extend to far out of image
+    if (this_mode != NEWMV) clamp_mv2(&cur_mv[i].as_mv, xd);
+    if (mv_check_bounds(&x->mv_limits, &cur_mv[i].as_mv)) return INT64_MAX;
+    mbmi->mv[i].as_int = cur_mv[i].as_int;
+  }
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  if (this_mode == NEAREST_NEARESTMV)
+#else
+  if (this_mode == NEARESTMV && is_comp_pred)
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  {
+#if !CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    uint8_t ref_frame_type = av1_ref_frame_type(mbmi->ref_frame);
+#endif  // !CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    if (mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[ref_frame_type] > 0) {
+      cur_mv[0] = mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type][0].this_mv;
+      cur_mv[1] = mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type][0].comp_mv;
+
+      for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+        clamp_mv2(&cur_mv[i].as_mv, xd);
+        if (mv_check_bounds(&x->mv_limits, &cur_mv[i].as_mv)) return INT64_MAX;
+        mbmi->mv[i].as_int = cur_mv[i].as_int;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  if (mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[ref_frame_type] > 0) {
+    if (this_mode == NEAREST_NEWMV || this_mode == NEAREST_NEARMV) {
+      cur_mv[0] = mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type][0].this_mv;
+
+      lower_mv_precision(&cur_mv[0].as_mv, cm->allow_high_precision_mv);
+      clamp_mv2(&cur_mv[0].as_mv, xd);
+      if (mv_check_bounds(&x->mv_limits, &cur_mv[0].as_mv)) return INT64_MAX;
+      mbmi->mv[0].as_int = cur_mv[0].as_int;
+    }
+
+    if (this_mode == NEW_NEARESTMV || this_mode == NEAR_NEARESTMV) {
+      cur_mv[1] = mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type][0].comp_mv;
+
+      lower_mv_precision(&cur_mv[1].as_mv, cm->allow_high_precision_mv);
+      clamp_mv2(&cur_mv[1].as_mv, xd);
+      if (mv_check_bounds(&x->mv_limits, &cur_mv[1].as_mv)) return INT64_MAX;
+      mbmi->mv[1].as_int = cur_mv[1].as_int;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[ref_frame_type] > 1) {
+    int ref_mv_idx = mbmi->ref_mv_idx + 1;
+    if (this_mode == NEAR_NEWMV || this_mode == NEAR_NEARESTMV ||
+        this_mode == NEAR_NEARMV) {
+      cur_mv[0] = mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type][ref_mv_idx].this_mv;
+
+      lower_mv_precision(&cur_mv[0].as_mv, cm->allow_high_precision_mv);
+      clamp_mv2(&cur_mv[0].as_mv, xd);
+      if (mv_check_bounds(&x->mv_limits, &cur_mv[0].as_mv)) return INT64_MAX;
+      mbmi->mv[0].as_int = cur_mv[0].as_int;
+    }
+
+    if (this_mode == NEW_NEARMV || this_mode == NEAREST_NEARMV ||
+        this_mode == NEAR_NEARMV) {
+      cur_mv[1] = mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type][ref_mv_idx].comp_mv;
+
+      lower_mv_precision(&cur_mv[1].as_mv, cm->allow_high_precision_mv);
+      clamp_mv2(&cur_mv[1].as_mv, xd);
+      if (mv_check_bounds(&x->mv_limits, &cur_mv[1].as_mv)) return INT64_MAX;
+      mbmi->mv[1].as_int = cur_mv[1].as_int;
+    }
+  }
+#else
+  if (this_mode == NEARMV && is_comp_pred) {
+    uint8_t ref_frame_type = av1_ref_frame_type(mbmi->ref_frame);
+    if (mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[ref_frame_type] > 1) {
+      int ref_mv_idx = mbmi->ref_mv_idx + 1;
+      cur_mv[0] = mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type][ref_mv_idx].this_mv;
+      cur_mv[1] = mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type][ref_mv_idx].comp_mv;
+
+      for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+        clamp_mv2(&cur_mv[i].as_mv, xd);
+        if (mv_check_bounds(&x->mv_limits, &cur_mv[i].as_mv)) return INT64_MAX;
+        mbmi->mv[i].as_int = cur_mv[i].as_int;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+
+  // do first prediction into the destination buffer. Do the next
+  // prediction into a temporary buffer. Then keep track of which one
+  // of these currently holds the best predictor, and use the other
+  // one for future predictions. In the end, copy from tmp_buf to
+  // dst if necessary.
+  for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++) {
+    tmp_dst.plane[i] = tmp_buf + i * MAX_SB_SQUARE;
+    tmp_dst.stride[i] = MAX_SB_SIZE;
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++) {
+    orig_dst.plane[i] = xd->plane[i].dst.buf;
+    orig_dst.stride[i] = xd->plane[i].dst.stride;
+  }
+
+  // We don't include the cost of the second reference here, because there
+  // are only three options: Last/Golden, ARF/Last or Golden/ARF, or in other
+  // words if you present them in that order, the second one is always known
+  // if the first is known.
+  //
+  // Under some circumstances we discount the cost of new mv mode to encourage
+  // initiation of a motion field.
+  if (discount_newmv_test(cpi, this_mode, frame_mv[refs[0]], mode_mv,
+                          refs[0])) {
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    rd_stats->rate +=
+        AOMMIN(cost_mv_ref(cpi, this_mode, mode_ctx),
+               cost_mv_ref(cpi, is_comp_pred ? NEAREST_NEARESTMV : NEARESTMV,
+                           mode_ctx));
+#else
+    rd_stats->rate += AOMMIN(cost_mv_ref(cpi, this_mode, mode_ctx),
+                             cost_mv_ref(cpi, NEARESTMV, mode_ctx));
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV && CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  } else {
+    rd_stats->rate += cost_mv_ref(cpi, this_mode, mode_ctx);
+  }
+
+  if (RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rd_stats->rate, 0) > ref_best_rd &&
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      mbmi->mode != NEARESTMV && mbmi->mode != NEAREST_NEARESTMV
+#else
+      mbmi->mode != NEARESTMV
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      )
+    return INT64_MAX;
+
+  int64_t ret_val = interpolation_filter_search(
+      x, cpi, bsize, mi_row, mi_col, &tmp_dst, &orig_dst, args->single_filter,
+      &rd, &rs, &skip_txfm_sb, &skip_sse_sb);
+  if (ret_val != 0) return ret_val;
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+  best_bmc_mbmi = *mbmi;
+  rate2_bmc_nocoeff = rd_stats->rate;
+  if (cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE) rate2_bmc_nocoeff += rs;
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+  rate_mv_bmc = rate_mv;
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+
+  if (is_comp_pred) {
+    int rate_sum, rs2;
+    int64_t dist_sum;
+    int64_t best_rd_compound = INT64_MAX, best_rd_cur = INT64_MAX;
+    INTERINTER_COMPOUND_DATA best_compound_data;
+    int_mv best_mv[2];
+    int best_tmp_rate_mv = rate_mv;
+    int tmp_skip_txfm_sb;
+    int64_t tmp_skip_sse_sb;
+    int compound_type_cost[COMPOUND_TYPES];
+    uint8_t pred0[2 * MAX_SB_SQUARE];
+    uint8_t pred1[2 * MAX_SB_SQUARE];
+    uint8_t *preds0[1] = { pred0 };
+    uint8_t *preds1[1] = { pred1 };
+    int strides[1] = { bw };
+    int tmp_rate_mv;
+    int masked_compound_used = is_any_masked_compound_used(bsize);
+    COMPOUND_TYPE cur_type;
+
+    best_mv[0].as_int = cur_mv[0].as_int;
+    best_mv[1].as_int = cur_mv[1].as_int;
+    memset(&best_compound_data, 0, sizeof(best_compound_data));
+#if CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT
+    uint8_t tmp_mask_buf[2 * MAX_SB_SQUARE];
+    best_compound_data.seg_mask = tmp_mask_buf;
+#endif  // CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT
+    av1_cost_tokens(compound_type_cost, cm->fc->compound_type_prob[bsize],
+                    av1_compound_type_tree);
+
+    if (masked_compound_used) {
+      av1_cost_tokens(compound_type_cost, cm->fc->compound_type_prob[bsize],
+                      av1_compound_type_tree);
+      // get inter predictors to use for masked compound modes
+      av1_build_inter_predictors_for_planes_single_buf(
+          xd, bsize, 0, 0, mi_row, mi_col, 0, preds0, strides);
+      av1_build_inter_predictors_for_planes_single_buf(
+          xd, bsize, 0, 0, mi_row, mi_col, 1, preds1, strides);
+    }
+
+    for (cur_type = COMPOUND_AVERAGE; cur_type < COMPOUND_TYPES; cur_type++) {
+      if (!is_interinter_compound_used(cur_type, bsize)) break;
+      tmp_rate_mv = rate_mv;
+      best_rd_cur = INT64_MAX;
+      mbmi->interinter_compound_type = cur_type;
+      rs2 = av1_cost_literal(get_interinter_compound_type_bits(
+                bsize, mbmi->interinter_compound_type)) +
+            (masked_compound_used
+                 ? compound_type_cost[mbmi->interinter_compound_type]
+                 : 0);
+
+      switch (cur_type) {
+        case COMPOUND_AVERAGE:
+          av1_build_inter_predictors_sby(xd, mi_row, mi_col, &orig_dst, bsize);
+          av1_subtract_plane(x, bsize, 0);
+          rd = estimate_yrd_for_sb(cpi, bsize, x, &rate_sum, &dist_sum,
+                                   &tmp_skip_txfm_sb, &tmp_skip_sse_sb,
+                                   INT64_MAX);
+          if (rd != INT64_MAX)
+            best_rd_cur =
+                RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rs2 + rate_mv + rate_sum, dist_sum);
+          best_rd_compound = best_rd_cur;
+          break;
+#if CONFIG_WEDGE
+        case COMPOUND_WEDGE:
+          if (x->source_variance > cpi->sf.disable_wedge_search_var_thresh &&
+              best_rd_compound / 3 < ref_best_rd) {
+            best_rd_cur = build_and_cost_compound_type(
+                cpi, x, cur_mv, bsize, this_mode, rs2, rate_mv, &orig_dst,
+                &tmp_rate_mv, preds0, preds1, strides, mi_row, mi_col);
+          }
+          break;
+#endif  // CONFIG_WEDGE
+#if CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT
+        case COMPOUND_SEG:
+          if (x->source_variance > cpi->sf.disable_wedge_search_var_thresh &&
+              best_rd_compound / 3 < ref_best_rd) {
+            best_rd_cur = build_and_cost_compound_type(
+                cpi, x, cur_mv, bsize, this_mode, rs2, rate_mv, &orig_dst,
+                &tmp_rate_mv, preds0, preds1, strides, mi_row, mi_col);
+          }
+          break;
+#endif  // CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT
+        default: assert(0); return 0;
+      }
+
+      if (best_rd_cur < best_rd_compound) {
+        best_rd_compound = best_rd_cur;
+#if CONFIG_WEDGE
+        best_compound_data.wedge_index = mbmi->wedge_index;
+        best_compound_data.wedge_sign = mbmi->wedge_sign;
+#endif  // CONFIG_WEDGE
+#if CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT
+        best_compound_data.mask_type = mbmi->mask_type;
+        memcpy(best_compound_data.seg_mask, xd->seg_mask,
+               2 * MAX_SB_SQUARE * sizeof(uint8_t));
+#endif  // CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT
+        best_compound_data.interinter_compound_type =
+            mbmi->interinter_compound_type;
+        if (have_newmv_in_inter_mode(this_mode)) {
+          if (use_masked_motion_search(cur_type)) {
+            best_tmp_rate_mv = tmp_rate_mv;
+            best_mv[0].as_int = mbmi->mv[0].as_int;
+            best_mv[1].as_int = mbmi->mv[1].as_int;
+          } else {
+            best_mv[0].as_int = cur_mv[0].as_int;
+            best_mv[1].as_int = cur_mv[1].as_int;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      // reset to original mvs for next iteration
+      mbmi->mv[0].as_int = cur_mv[0].as_int;
+      mbmi->mv[1].as_int = cur_mv[1].as_int;
+    }
+#if CONFIG_WEDGE
+    mbmi->wedge_index = best_compound_data.wedge_index;
+    mbmi->wedge_sign = best_compound_data.wedge_sign;
+#endif  // CONFIG_WEDGE
+#if CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT
+    mbmi->mask_type = best_compound_data.mask_type;
+    memcpy(xd->seg_mask, best_compound_data.seg_mask,
+           2 * MAX_SB_SQUARE * sizeof(uint8_t));
+#endif  // CONFIG_COMPOUND_SEGMENT
+    mbmi->interinter_compound_type =
+        best_compound_data.interinter_compound_type;
+    if (have_newmv_in_inter_mode(this_mode)) {
+      mbmi->mv[0].as_int = best_mv[0].as_int;
+      mbmi->mv[1].as_int = best_mv[1].as_int;
+      xd->mi[0]->bmi[0].as_mv[0].as_int = mbmi->mv[0].as_int;
+      xd->mi[0]->bmi[0].as_mv[1].as_int = mbmi->mv[1].as_int;
+      if (use_masked_motion_search(mbmi->interinter_compound_type)) {
+        rd_stats->rate += best_tmp_rate_mv - rate_mv;
+        rate_mv = best_tmp_rate_mv;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (ref_best_rd < INT64_MAX && best_rd_compound / 3 > ref_best_rd) {
+      restore_dst_buf(xd, orig_dst);
+      return INT64_MAX;
+    }
+
+    pred_exists = 0;
+
+    *args->compmode_interinter_cost =
+        av1_cost_literal(get_interinter_compound_type_bits(
+            bsize, mbmi->interinter_compound_type)) +
+        (masked_compound_used
+             ? compound_type_cost[mbmi->interinter_compound_type]
+             : 0);
+  }
+
+#if CONFIG_INTERINTRA
+  if (is_comp_interintra_pred) {
+    INTERINTRA_MODE best_interintra_mode = II_DC_PRED;
+    int64_t best_interintra_rd = INT64_MAX;
+    int rmode, rate_sum;
+    int64_t dist_sum;
+    int j;
+    int tmp_rate_mv = 0;
+    int tmp_skip_txfm_sb;
+    int64_t tmp_skip_sse_sb;
+    DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint8_t, intrapred_[2 * MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+    uint8_t *intrapred;
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH)
+      intrapred = CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(intrapred_);
+    else
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      intrapred = intrapred_;
+
+    mbmi->ref_frame[1] = NONE_FRAME;
+    for (j = 0; j < MAX_MB_PLANE; j++) {
+      xd->plane[j].dst.buf = tmp_buf + j * MAX_SB_SQUARE;
+      xd->plane[j].dst.stride = bw;
+    }
+    av1_build_inter_predictors_sby(xd, mi_row, mi_col, &orig_dst, bsize);
+    restore_dst_buf(xd, orig_dst);
+    mbmi->ref_frame[1] = INTRA_FRAME;
+    mbmi->use_wedge_interintra = 0;
+
+    for (j = 0; j < INTERINTRA_MODES; ++j) {
+      mbmi->interintra_mode = (INTERINTRA_MODE)j;
+      rmode = interintra_mode_cost[mbmi->interintra_mode];
+      av1_build_intra_predictors_for_interintra(xd, bsize, 0, &orig_dst,
+                                                intrapred, bw);
+      av1_combine_interintra(xd, bsize, 0, tmp_buf, bw, intrapred, bw);
+      model_rd_for_sb(cpi, bsize, x, xd, 0, 0, &rate_sum, &dist_sum,
+                      &tmp_skip_txfm_sb, &tmp_skip_sse_sb);
+      rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rs + tmp_rate_mv + rate_sum, dist_sum);
+      if (rd < best_interintra_rd) {
+        best_interintra_rd = rd;
+        best_interintra_mode = mbmi->interintra_mode;
+      }
+    }
+    mbmi->interintra_mode = best_interintra_mode;
+    rmode = interintra_mode_cost[mbmi->interintra_mode];
+    av1_build_intra_predictors_for_interintra(xd, bsize, 0, &orig_dst,
+                                              intrapred, bw);
+    av1_combine_interintra(xd, bsize, 0, tmp_buf, bw, intrapred, bw);
+    av1_subtract_plane(x, bsize, 0);
+    rd = estimate_yrd_for_sb(cpi, bsize, x, &rate_sum, &dist_sum,
+                             &tmp_skip_txfm_sb, &tmp_skip_sse_sb, INT64_MAX);
+    if (rd != INT64_MAX)
+      rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate_mv + rmode + rate_sum, dist_sum);
+    best_interintra_rd = rd;
+
+    if (ref_best_rd < INT64_MAX && best_interintra_rd > 2 * ref_best_rd) {
+      // Don't need to call restore_dst_buf here
+      return INT64_MAX;
+    }
+#if CONFIG_WEDGE
+    if (is_interintra_wedge_used(bsize)) {
+      int64_t best_interintra_rd_nowedge = INT64_MAX;
+      int64_t best_interintra_rd_wedge = INT64_MAX;
+      int_mv tmp_mv;
+      int rwedge = av1_cost_bit(cm->fc->wedge_interintra_prob[bsize], 0);
+      if (rd != INT64_MAX)
+        rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rmode + rate_mv + rwedge + rate_sum,
+                    dist_sum);
+      best_interintra_rd_nowedge = rd;
+
+      // Disable wedge search if source variance is small
+      if (x->source_variance > cpi->sf.disable_wedge_search_var_thresh) {
+        mbmi->use_wedge_interintra = 1;
+
+        rwedge = av1_cost_literal(get_interintra_wedge_bits(bsize)) +
+                 av1_cost_bit(cm->fc->wedge_interintra_prob[bsize], 1);
+
+        best_interintra_rd_wedge =
+            pick_interintra_wedge(cpi, x, bsize, intrapred_, tmp_buf_);
+
+        best_interintra_rd_wedge +=
+            RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rmode + rate_mv + rwedge, 0);
+        // Refine motion vector.
+        if (have_newmv_in_inter_mode(this_mode)) {
+          // get negative of mask
+          const uint8_t *mask = av1_get_contiguous_soft_mask(
+              mbmi->interintra_wedge_index, 1, bsize);
+          do_masked_motion_search(cpi, x, mask, bw, bsize, mi_row, mi_col,
+                                  &tmp_mv, &tmp_rate_mv, 0);
+          mbmi->mv[0].as_int = tmp_mv.as_int;
+          av1_build_inter_predictors_sby(xd, mi_row, mi_col, &orig_dst, bsize);
+          model_rd_for_sb(cpi, bsize, x, xd, 0, 0, &rate_sum, &dist_sum,
+                          &tmp_skip_txfm_sb, &tmp_skip_sse_sb);
+          rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                      rmode + tmp_rate_mv + rwedge + rate_sum, dist_sum);
+          if (rd < best_interintra_rd_wedge) {
+            best_interintra_rd_wedge = rd;
+          } else {
+            tmp_mv.as_int = cur_mv[0].as_int;
+            tmp_rate_mv = rate_mv;
+          }
+        } else {
+          tmp_mv.as_int = cur_mv[0].as_int;
+          tmp_rate_mv = rate_mv;
+          av1_combine_interintra(xd, bsize, 0, tmp_buf, bw, intrapred, bw);
+        }
+        // Evaluate closer to true rd
+        av1_subtract_plane(x, bsize, 0);
+        rd =
+            estimate_yrd_for_sb(cpi, bsize, x, &rate_sum, &dist_sum,
+                                &tmp_skip_txfm_sb, &tmp_skip_sse_sb, INT64_MAX);
+        if (rd != INT64_MAX)
+          rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                      rmode + tmp_rate_mv + rwedge + rate_sum, dist_sum);
+        best_interintra_rd_wedge = rd;
+        if (best_interintra_rd_wedge < best_interintra_rd_nowedge) {
+          mbmi->use_wedge_interintra = 1;
+          best_interintra_rd = best_interintra_rd_wedge;
+          mbmi->mv[0].as_int = tmp_mv.as_int;
+          rd_stats->rate += tmp_rate_mv - rate_mv;
+          rate_mv = tmp_rate_mv;
+        } else {
+          mbmi->use_wedge_interintra = 0;
+          best_interintra_rd = best_interintra_rd_nowedge;
+          mbmi->mv[0].as_int = cur_mv[0].as_int;
+        }
+      } else {
+        mbmi->use_wedge_interintra = 0;
+        best_interintra_rd = best_interintra_rd_nowedge;
+      }
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_WEDGE
+
+    pred_exists = 0;
+    *args->compmode_interintra_cost =
+        av1_cost_bit(cm->fc->interintra_prob[size_group_lookup[bsize]], 1);
+    *args->compmode_interintra_cost +=
+        interintra_mode_cost[mbmi->interintra_mode];
+    if (is_interintra_wedge_used(bsize)) {
+      *args->compmode_interintra_cost += av1_cost_bit(
+          cm->fc->wedge_interintra_prob[bsize], mbmi->use_wedge_interintra);
+      if (mbmi->use_wedge_interintra) {
+        *args->compmode_interintra_cost +=
+            av1_cost_literal(get_interintra_wedge_bits(bsize));
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (is_interintra_allowed(mbmi)) {
+    *args->compmode_interintra_cost =
+        av1_cost_bit(cm->fc->interintra_prob[size_group_lookup[bsize]], 0);
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTERINTRA
+
+  if (pred_exists == 0) {
+    int tmp_rate;
+    int64_t tmp_dist;
+    av1_build_inter_predictors_sb(xd, mi_row, mi_col, &orig_dst, bsize);
+    model_rd_for_sb(cpi, bsize, x, xd, 0, MAX_MB_PLANE - 1, &tmp_rate,
+                    &tmp_dist, &skip_txfm_sb, &skip_sse_sb);
+    rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rs + tmp_rate, tmp_dist);
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+  if (!is_comp_pred)
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+    args->single_filter[this_mode][refs[0]] = mbmi->interp_filter[0];
+#else
+    args->single_filter[this_mode][refs[0]] = mbmi->interp_filter;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  if (args->modelled_rd != NULL) {
+    if (is_comp_pred) {
+      const int mode0 = compound_ref0_mode(this_mode);
+      const int mode1 = compound_ref1_mode(this_mode);
+      const int64_t mrd = AOMMIN(args->modelled_rd[mode0][refs[0]],
+                                 args->modelled_rd[mode1][refs[1]]);
+      if (rd / 4 * 3 > mrd && ref_best_rd < INT64_MAX) {
+        restore_dst_buf(xd, orig_dst);
+        return INT64_MAX;
+      }
+    } else if (!is_comp_interintra_pred) {
+      args->modelled_rd[this_mode][refs[0]] = rd;
+    }
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+  if (cpi->sf.use_rd_breakout && ref_best_rd < INT64_MAX) {
+    // if current pred_error modeled rd is substantially more than the best
+    // so far, do not bother doing full rd
+    if (rd / 2 > ref_best_rd) {
+      restore_dst_buf(xd, orig_dst);
+      return INT64_MAX;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ret_val = motion_mode_rd(cpi, x, bsize, rd_stats, rd_stats_y, rd_stats_uv,
+                           disable_skip, mode_mv, mi_row, mi_col, args,
+                           ref_best_rd, refs, rate_mv,
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                           rate2_bmc_nocoeff, &best_bmc_mbmi,
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+                           rate_mv_bmc,
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+                           rs, &skip_txfm_sb, &skip_sse_sb, &orig_dst);
+  if (ret_val != 0) return ret_val;
+
+  return 0;  // The rate-distortion cost will be re-calculated by caller.
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_INTRABC
+static int64_t rd_pick_intrabc_mode_sb(const AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                       RD_STATS *rd_cost, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                                       int64_t best_rd) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  if (bsize < BLOCK_8X8 || !cm->allow_screen_content_tools) return INT64_MAX;
+
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const TileInfo *tile = &xd->tile;
+  MODE_INFO *const mi = xd->mi[0];
+  const int mi_row = -xd->mb_to_top_edge / (8 * MI_SIZE);
+  const int mi_col = -xd->mb_to_left_edge / (8 * MI_SIZE);
+  const int w = block_size_wide[bsize];
+  const int h = block_size_high[bsize];
+  const int sb_row = mi_row / MAX_MIB_SIZE;
+
+  int_mv dv_ref;
+  av1_find_ref_dv(&dv_ref, mi_row, mi_col);
+
+  const MvLimits tmp_mv_limits = x->mv_limits;
+
+  // TODO(aconverse@google.com): Handle same row DV.
+  x->mv_limits.col_min = (tile->mi_col_start - mi_col) * MI_SIZE;
+  x->mv_limits.col_max = (tile->mi_col_end - mi_col) * MI_SIZE - w;
+  x->mv_limits.row_min = (tile->mi_row_start - mi_row) * MI_SIZE;
+  x->mv_limits.row_max = (sb_row * MAX_MIB_SIZE - mi_row) * MI_SIZE - h;
+  assert(x->mv_limits.col_min >= tmp_mv_limits.col_min);
+  assert(x->mv_limits.col_max <= tmp_mv_limits.col_max);
+  assert(x->mv_limits.row_min >= tmp_mv_limits.row_min);
+  assert(x->mv_limits.row_max <= tmp_mv_limits.row_max);
+  av1_set_mv_search_range(&x->mv_limits, &dv_ref.as_mv);
+
+  if (x->mv_limits.col_max < x->mv_limits.col_min ||
+      x->mv_limits.row_max < x->mv_limits.row_min) {
+    x->mv_limits = tmp_mv_limits;
+    return INT64_MAX;
+  }
+
+  struct buf_2d yv12_mb[MAX_MB_PLANE];
+  av1_setup_pred_block(xd, yv12_mb, xd->cur_buf, mi_row, mi_col, NULL, NULL);
+  for (int i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++i) {
+    xd->plane[i].pre[0] = yv12_mb[i];
+  }
+
+  int step_param = cpi->mv_step_param;
+  MV mvp_full = dv_ref.as_mv;
+  mvp_full.col >>= 3;
+  mvp_full.row >>= 3;
+  int sadpb = x->sadperbit16;
+  int cost_list[5];
+  int bestsme = av1_full_pixel_search(cpi, x, bsize, &mvp_full, step_param,
+                                      sadpb, cond_cost_list(cpi, cost_list),
+                                      &dv_ref.as_mv, INT_MAX, 1);
+
+  x->mv_limits = tmp_mv_limits;
+  if (bestsme == INT_MAX) return INT64_MAX;
+  mvp_full = x->best_mv.as_mv;
+  MV dv = {.row = mvp_full.row * 8, .col = mvp_full.col * 8 };
+  if (mv_check_bounds(&x->mv_limits, &dv)) return INT64_MAX;
+  if (!is_dv_valid(dv, tile, mi_row, mi_col, bsize)) return INT64_MAX;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &mi->mbmi;
+  MB_MODE_INFO best_mbmi = *mbmi;
+  RD_STATS best_rdcost = *rd_cost;
+  int best_skip = x->skip;
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  memset(&mbmi->palette_mode_info, 0, sizeof(mbmi->palette_mode_info));
+#endif
+  mbmi->use_intrabc = 1;
+  mbmi->mode = DC_PRED;
+  mbmi->uv_mode = DC_PRED;
+  mbmi->mv[0].as_mv = dv;
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+  for (int idx = 0; idx < 4; ++idx) mbmi->interp_filter[idx] = BILINEAR;
+#else
+  mbmi->interp_filter = BILINEAR;
+#endif
+  mbmi->skip = 0;
+  x->skip = 0;
+  av1_build_inter_predictors_sb(xd, mi_row, mi_col, NULL, bsize);
+
+  int rate_mv = av1_mv_bit_cost(&dv, &dv_ref.as_mv, x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost,
+                                MV_COST_WEIGHT);
+  const PREDICTION_MODE A = av1_above_block_mode(mi, xd->above_mi, 0);
+  const PREDICTION_MODE L = av1_left_block_mode(mi, xd->left_mi, 0);
+  const int rate_mode =
+      cpi->y_mode_costs[A][L][DC_PRED] + av1_cost_bit(INTRABC_PROB, 1);
+
+  RD_STATS rd_stats, rd_stats_uv;
+  av1_subtract_plane(x, bsize, 0);
+  super_block_yrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats, bsize, INT64_MAX);
+  super_block_uvrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats_uv, bsize, INT64_MAX);
+  av1_merge_rd_stats(&rd_stats, &rd_stats_uv);
+#if CONFIG_RD_DEBUG
+  mbmi->rd_stats = rd_stats;
+#endif
+
+  const aom_prob skip_prob = av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd);
+
+  RD_STATS rdc_noskip;
+  av1_init_rd_stats(&rdc_noskip);
+  rdc_noskip.rate =
+      rate_mode + rate_mv + rd_stats.rate + av1_cost_bit(skip_prob, 0);
+  rdc_noskip.dist = rd_stats.dist;
+  rdc_noskip.rdcost =
+      RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rdc_noskip.rate, rdc_noskip.dist);
+  if (rdc_noskip.rdcost < best_rd) {
+    best_rd = rdc_noskip.rdcost;
+    best_mbmi = *mbmi;
+    best_skip = x->skip;
+    best_rdcost = rdc_noskip;
+  }
+
+  x->skip = 1;
+  mbmi->skip = 1;
+  RD_STATS rdc_skip;
+  av1_init_rd_stats(&rdc_skip);
+  rdc_skip.rate = rate_mode + rate_mv + av1_cost_bit(skip_prob, 1);
+  rdc_skip.dist = rd_stats.sse;
+  rdc_skip.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rdc_skip.rate, rdc_skip.dist);
+  if (rdc_skip.rdcost < best_rd) {
+    best_rd = rdc_skip.rdcost;
+    best_mbmi = *mbmi;
+    best_skip = x->skip;
+    best_rdcost = rdc_skip;
+  }
+  *mbmi = best_mbmi;
+  *rd_cost = best_rdcost;
+  x->skip = best_skip;
+  return best_rd;
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRABC
+
+void av1_rd_pick_intra_mode_sb(const AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                               RD_STATS *rd_cost, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                               PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx, int64_t best_rd) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = xd->plane;
+  int rate_y = 0, rate_uv = 0, rate_y_tokenonly = 0, rate_uv_tokenonly = 0;
+  int y_skip = 0, uv_skip = 0;
+  int64_t dist_y = 0, dist_uv = 0;
+  TX_SIZE max_uv_tx_size;
+  const int unify_bsize = CONFIG_CB4X4;
+
+  ctx->skip = 0;
+  xd->mi[0]->mbmi.ref_frame[0] = INTRA_FRAME;
+  xd->mi[0]->mbmi.ref_frame[1] = NONE_FRAME;
+#if CONFIG_INTRABC
+  xd->mi[0]->mbmi.use_intrabc = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRABC
+
+  const int64_t intra_yrd =
+      (bsize >= BLOCK_8X8 || unify_bsize)
+          ? rd_pick_intra_sby_mode(cpi, x, &rate_y, &rate_y_tokenonly, &dist_y,
+                                   &y_skip, bsize, best_rd)
+          : rd_pick_intra_sub_8x8_y_mode(cpi, x, &rate_y, &rate_y_tokenonly,
+                                         &dist_y, &y_skip, best_rd);
+
+  if (intra_yrd < best_rd) {
+    max_uv_tx_size = uv_txsize_lookup[bsize][xd->mi[0]->mbmi.tx_size]
+                                     [pd[1].subsampling_x][pd[1].subsampling_y];
+
+#if CONFIG_CB4X4
+#if !CONFIG_CHROMA_2X2
+    max_uv_tx_size = AOMMAX(max_uv_tx_size, TX_4X4);
+#endif  // !CONFIG_CHROMA_2X2
+    if (!x->skip_chroma_rd)
+      rd_pick_intra_sbuv_mode(cpi, x, &rate_uv, &rate_uv_tokenonly, &dist_uv,
+                              &uv_skip, bsize, max_uv_tx_size);
+#else
+    rd_pick_intra_sbuv_mode(cpi, x, &rate_uv, &rate_uv_tokenonly, &dist_uv,
+                            &uv_skip, AOMMAX(BLOCK_8X8, bsize), max_uv_tx_size);
+#endif  // CONFIG_CB4X4
+
+    if (y_skip && uv_skip) {
+      rd_cost->rate = rate_y + rate_uv - rate_y_tokenonly - rate_uv_tokenonly +
+                      av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1);
+      rd_cost->dist = dist_y + dist_uv;
+    } else {
+      rd_cost->rate =
+          rate_y + rate_uv + av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 0);
+      rd_cost->dist = dist_y + dist_uv;
+    }
+    rd_cost->rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rd_cost->rate, rd_cost->dist);
+  } else {
+    rd_cost->rate = INT_MAX;
+  }
+
+#if CONFIG_INTRABC
+  if (rd_cost->rate != INT_MAX && rd_cost->rdcost < best_rd)
+    best_rd = rd_cost->rdcost;
+  if (rd_pick_intrabc_mode_sb(cpi, x, rd_cost, bsize, best_rd) < best_rd) {
+    ctx->skip = x->skip;  // FIXME where is the proper place to set this?!
+    assert(rd_cost->rate != INT_MAX);
+    rd_cost->rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rd_cost->rate, rd_cost->dist);
+  }
+#endif
+  if (rd_cost->rate == INT_MAX) return;
+
+  ctx->mic = *xd->mi[0];
+  ctx->mbmi_ext = *x->mbmi_ext;
+}
+
+// Do we have an internal image edge (e.g. formatting bars).
+int av1_internal_image_edge(const AV1_COMP *cpi) {
+  return (cpi->oxcf.pass == 2) &&
+         ((cpi->twopass.this_frame_stats.inactive_zone_rows > 0) ||
+          (cpi->twopass.this_frame_stats.inactive_zone_cols > 0));
+}
+
+// Checks to see if a super block is on a horizontal image edge.
+// In most cases this is the "real" edge unless there are formatting
+// bars embedded in the stream.
+int av1_active_h_edge(const AV1_COMP *cpi, int mi_row, int mi_step) {
+  int top_edge = 0;
+  int bottom_edge = cpi->common.mi_rows;
+  int is_active_h_edge = 0;
+
+  // For two pass account for any formatting bars detected.
+  if (cpi->oxcf.pass == 2) {
+    const TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
+
+    // The inactive region is specified in MBs not mi units.
+    // The image edge is in the following MB row.
+    top_edge += (int)(twopass->this_frame_stats.inactive_zone_rows * 2);
+
+    bottom_edge -= (int)(twopass->this_frame_stats.inactive_zone_rows * 2);
+    bottom_edge = AOMMAX(top_edge, bottom_edge);
+  }
+
+  if (((top_edge >= mi_row) && (top_edge < (mi_row + mi_step))) ||
+      ((bottom_edge >= mi_row) && (bottom_edge < (mi_row + mi_step)))) {
+    is_active_h_edge = 1;
+  }
+  return is_active_h_edge;
+}
+
+// Checks to see if a super block is on a vertical image edge.
+// In most cases this is the "real" edge unless there are formatting
+// bars embedded in the stream.
+int av1_active_v_edge(const AV1_COMP *cpi, int mi_col, int mi_step) {
+  int left_edge = 0;
+  int right_edge = cpi->common.mi_cols;
+  int is_active_v_edge = 0;
+
+  // For two pass account for any formatting bars detected.
+  if (cpi->oxcf.pass == 2) {
+    const TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
+
+    // The inactive region is specified in MBs not mi units.
+    // The image edge is in the following MB row.
+    left_edge += (int)(twopass->this_frame_stats.inactive_zone_cols * 2);
+
+    right_edge -= (int)(twopass->this_frame_stats.inactive_zone_cols * 2);
+    right_edge = AOMMAX(left_edge, right_edge);
+  }
+
+  if (((left_edge >= mi_col) && (left_edge < (mi_col + mi_step))) ||
+      ((right_edge >= mi_col) && (right_edge < (mi_col + mi_step)))) {
+    is_active_v_edge = 1;
+  }
+  return is_active_v_edge;
+}
+
+// Checks to see if a super block is at the edge of the active image.
+// In most cases this is the "real" edge unless there are formatting
+// bars embedded in the stream.
+int av1_active_edge_sb(const AV1_COMP *cpi, int mi_row, int mi_col) {
+  return av1_active_h_edge(cpi, mi_row, cpi->common.mib_size) ||
+         av1_active_v_edge(cpi, mi_col, cpi->common.mib_size);
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+static void restore_uv_color_map(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *x) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  PALETTE_MODE_INFO *const pmi = &mbmi->palette_mode_info;
+  const BLOCK_SIZE bsize = mbmi->sb_type;
+  int src_stride = x->plane[1].src.stride;
+  const uint8_t *const src_u = x->plane[1].src.buf;
+  const uint8_t *const src_v = x->plane[2].src.buf;
+  float *const data = x->palette_buffer->kmeans_data_buf;
+  float centroids[2 * PALETTE_MAX_SIZE];
+  uint8_t *const color_map = xd->plane[1].color_index_map;
+  int r, c;
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  const uint16_t *const src_u16 = CONVERT_TO_SHORTPTR(src_u);
+  const uint16_t *const src_v16 = CONVERT_TO_SHORTPTR(src_v);
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  int plane_block_width, plane_block_height, rows, cols;
+  av1_get_block_dimensions(bsize, 1, xd, &plane_block_width,
+                           &plane_block_height, &rows, &cols);
+  (void)cpi;
+
+  for (r = 0; r < rows; ++r) {
+    for (c = 0; c < cols; ++c) {
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      if (cpi->common.use_highbitdepth) {
+        data[(r * cols + c) * 2] = src_u16[r * src_stride + c];
+        data[(r * cols + c) * 2 + 1] = src_v16[r * src_stride + c];
+      } else {
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+        data[(r * cols + c) * 2] = src_u[r * src_stride + c];
+        data[(r * cols + c) * 2 + 1] = src_v[r * src_stride + c];
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      }
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (r = 1; r < 3; ++r) {
+    for (c = 0; c < pmi->palette_size[1]; ++c) {
+      centroids[c * 2 + r - 1] = pmi->palette_colors[r * PALETTE_MAX_SIZE + c];
+    }
+  }
+
+  av1_calc_indices(data, centroids, color_map, rows * cols,
+                   pmi->palette_size[1], 2);
+  extend_palette_color_map(color_map, cols, rows, plane_block_width,
+                           plane_block_height);
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+static void pick_filter_intra_interframe(
+    const AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx,
+    BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int mi_row, int mi_col, int *rate_uv_intra,
+    int *rate_uv_tokenonly, int64_t *dist_uv, int *skip_uv,
+    PREDICTION_MODE *mode_uv, FILTER_INTRA_MODE_INFO *filter_intra_mode_info_uv,
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+    int8_t *uv_angle_delta,
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+    PALETTE_MODE_INFO *pmi_uv, int palette_ctx,
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+    int skip_mask, unsigned int *ref_costs_single, int64_t *best_rd,
+    int64_t *best_intra_rd, PREDICTION_MODE *best_intra_mode,
+    int *best_mode_index, int *best_skip2, int *best_mode_skippable,
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+    int *returnrate_nocoef,
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+    int64_t *best_pred_rd, MB_MODE_INFO *best_mbmode, RD_STATS *rd_cost) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  PALETTE_MODE_INFO *const pmi = &mbmi->palette_mode_info;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+  int rate2 = 0, rate_y = INT_MAX, skippable = 0, rate_uv, rate_dummy, i;
+  int dc_mode_index;
+  const int *const intra_mode_cost = cpi->mbmode_cost[size_group_lookup[bsize]];
+  int64_t distortion2 = 0, distortion_y = 0, this_rd = *best_rd;
+  int64_t distortion_uv, model_rd = INT64_MAX;
+  TX_SIZE uv_tx;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < MAX_MODES; ++i)
+    if (av1_mode_order[i].mode == DC_PRED &&
+        av1_mode_order[i].ref_frame[0] == INTRA_FRAME)
+      break;
+  dc_mode_index = i;
+  assert(i < MAX_MODES);
+
+  // TODO(huisu): use skip_mask for further speedup.
+  (void)skip_mask;
+  mbmi->mode = DC_PRED;
+  mbmi->uv_mode = DC_PRED;
+  mbmi->ref_frame[0] = INTRA_FRAME;
+  mbmi->ref_frame[1] = NONE_FRAME;
+  if (!rd_pick_filter_intra_sby(cpi, x, &rate_dummy, &rate_y, &distortion_y,
+                                &skippable, bsize, intra_mode_cost[mbmi->mode],
+                                &this_rd, &model_rd, 0)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (rate_y == INT_MAX) return;
+
+  uv_tx = uv_txsize_lookup[bsize][mbmi->tx_size][xd->plane[1].subsampling_x]
+                          [xd->plane[1].subsampling_y];
+  if (rate_uv_intra[uv_tx] == INT_MAX) {
+    choose_intra_uv_mode(cpi, x, ctx, bsize, uv_tx, &rate_uv_intra[uv_tx],
+                         &rate_uv_tokenonly[uv_tx], &dist_uv[uv_tx],
+                         &skip_uv[uv_tx], &mode_uv[uv_tx]);
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+    if (cm->allow_screen_content_tools) pmi_uv[uv_tx] = *pmi;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+    filter_intra_mode_info_uv[uv_tx] = mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+    uv_angle_delta[uv_tx] = mbmi->angle_delta[1];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+  }
+
+  rate_uv = rate_uv_tokenonly[uv_tx];
+  distortion_uv = dist_uv[uv_tx];
+  skippable = skippable && skip_uv[uv_tx];
+  mbmi->uv_mode = mode_uv[uv_tx];
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  if (cm->allow_screen_content_tools) {
+    pmi->palette_size[1] = pmi_uv[uv_tx].palette_size[1];
+    memcpy(pmi->palette_colors + PALETTE_MAX_SIZE,
+           pmi_uv[uv_tx].palette_colors + PALETTE_MAX_SIZE,
+           2 * PALETTE_MAX_SIZE * sizeof(pmi->palette_colors[0]));
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+  mbmi->angle_delta[1] = uv_angle_delta[uv_tx];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+  mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[1] =
+      filter_intra_mode_info_uv[uv_tx].use_filter_intra_mode[1];
+  if (filter_intra_mode_info_uv[uv_tx].use_filter_intra_mode[1]) {
+    mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.filter_intra_mode[1] =
+        filter_intra_mode_info_uv[uv_tx].filter_intra_mode[1];
+  }
+
+  rate2 = rate_y + intra_mode_cost[mbmi->mode] + rate_uv +
+          cpi->intra_uv_mode_cost[mbmi->mode][mbmi->uv_mode];
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  if (cpi->common.allow_screen_content_tools && mbmi->mode == DC_PRED &&
+      bsize >= BLOCK_8X8)
+    rate2 += av1_cost_bit(
+        av1_default_palette_y_mode_prob[bsize - BLOCK_8X8][palette_ctx], 0);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+  if (!xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id]) {
+    // super_block_yrd above includes the cost of the tx_size in the
+    // tokenonly rate, but for intra blocks, tx_size is always coded
+    // (prediction granularity), so we account for it in the full rate,
+    // not the tokenonly rate.
+    rate_y -= tx_size_cost(cpi, x, bsize, mbmi->tx_size);
+  }
+
+  rate2 += av1_cost_bit(cm->fc->filter_intra_probs[0],
+                        mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[0]);
+  rate2 += write_uniform_cost(
+      FILTER_INTRA_MODES, mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.filter_intra_mode[0]);
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+  if (av1_is_directional_mode(mbmi->uv_mode, bsize)) {
+    rate2 += write_uniform_cost(2 * MAX_ANGLE_DELTA + 1,
+                                MAX_ANGLE_DELTA + mbmi->angle_delta[1]);
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+  if (mbmi->mode == DC_PRED) {
+    rate2 +=
+        av1_cost_bit(cpi->common.fc->filter_intra_probs[1],
+                     mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[1]);
+    if (mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[1])
+      rate2 +=
+          write_uniform_cost(FILTER_INTRA_MODES,
+                             mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.filter_intra_mode[1]);
+  }
+  distortion2 = distortion_y + distortion_uv;
+  av1_encode_intra_block_plane((AV1_COMMON *)cm, x, bsize, 0, 0, mi_row,
+                               mi_col);
+
+  rate2 += ref_costs_single[INTRA_FRAME];
+
+  if (skippable) {
+    rate2 -= (rate_y + rate_uv);
+    rate_y = 0;
+    rate_uv = 0;
+    rate2 += av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1);
+  } else {
+    rate2 += av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 0);
+  }
+  this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate2, distortion2);
+
+  if (this_rd < *best_intra_rd) {
+    *best_intra_rd = this_rd;
+    *best_intra_mode = mbmi->mode;
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < REFERENCE_MODES; ++i)
+    best_pred_rd[i] = AOMMIN(best_pred_rd[i], this_rd);
+
+  if (this_rd < *best_rd) {
+    *best_mode_index = dc_mode_index;
+    mbmi->mv[0].as_int = 0;
+    rd_cost->rate = rate2;
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+    if (x->skip)
+      *returnrate_nocoef = rate2;
+    else
+      *returnrate_nocoef = rate2 - rate_y - rate_uv;
+    *returnrate_nocoef -= av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), skippable);
+    *returnrate_nocoef -= av1_cost_bit(av1_get_intra_inter_prob(cm, xd),
+                                       mbmi->ref_frame[0] != INTRA_FRAME);
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+    rd_cost->dist = distortion2;
+    rd_cost->rdcost = this_rd;
+    *best_rd = this_rd;
+    *best_mbmode = *mbmi;
+    *best_skip2 = 0;
+    *best_mode_skippable = skippable;
+  }
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+static void calc_target_weighted_pred(const AV1_COMMON *cm, const MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                      const MACROBLOCKD *xd, int mi_row,
+                                      int mi_col, const uint8_t *above,
+                                      int above_stride, const uint8_t *left,
+                                      int left_stride);
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+
+void av1_rd_pick_inter_mode_sb(const AV1_COMP *cpi, TileDataEnc *tile_data,
+                               MACROBLOCK *x, int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                               RD_STATS *rd_cost,
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+                               int *returnrate_nocoef,
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+                               BLOCK_SIZE bsize, PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx,
+                               int64_t best_rd_so_far) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  const RD_OPT *const rd_opt = &cpi->rd;
+  const SPEED_FEATURES *const sf = &cpi->sf;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  const int try_palette =
+      cpi->common.allow_screen_content_tools && bsize >= BLOCK_8X8;
+  PALETTE_MODE_INFO *const pmi = &mbmi->palette_mode_info;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+  MB_MODE_INFO_EXT *const mbmi_ext = x->mbmi_ext;
+  const struct segmentation *const seg = &cm->seg;
+  PREDICTION_MODE this_mode;
+  MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame, second_ref_frame;
+  unsigned char segment_id = mbmi->segment_id;
+  int comp_pred, i, k;
+  int_mv frame_mv[MB_MODE_COUNT][TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME];
+  struct buf_2d yv12_mb[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME][MAX_MB_PLANE];
+  int_mv single_newmv[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME] = { { 0 } };
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  int single_newmv_rate[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME] = { 0 };
+  int64_t modelled_rd[MB_MODE_COUNT][TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  static const int flag_list[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME] = {
+    0,
+    AOM_LAST_FLAG,
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+    AOM_LAST2_FLAG,
+    AOM_LAST3_FLAG,
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+    AOM_GOLD_FLAG,
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+    AOM_BWD_FLAG,
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+    AOM_ALT_FLAG
+  };
+  int64_t best_rd = best_rd_so_far;
+  int best_rate_y = INT_MAX, best_rate_uv = INT_MAX;
+  int64_t best_pred_diff[REFERENCE_MODES];
+  int64_t best_pred_rd[REFERENCE_MODES];
+  MB_MODE_INFO best_mbmode;
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+  int rate_skip0 = av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 0);
+  int rate_skip1 = av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1);
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+  int best_mode_skippable = 0;
+  int midx, best_mode_index = -1;
+  unsigned int ref_costs_single[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME];
+  unsigned int ref_costs_comp[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME];
+  aom_prob comp_mode_p;
+  int64_t best_intra_rd = INT64_MAX;
+  unsigned int best_pred_sse = UINT_MAX;
+  PREDICTION_MODE best_intra_mode = DC_PRED;
+  int rate_uv_intra[TX_SIZES_ALL], rate_uv_tokenonly[TX_SIZES_ALL];
+  int64_t dist_uvs[TX_SIZES_ALL];
+  int skip_uvs[TX_SIZES_ALL];
+  PREDICTION_MODE mode_uv[TX_SIZES_ALL];
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  PALETTE_MODE_INFO pmi_uv[TX_SIZES_ALL];
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+  int8_t uv_angle_delta[TX_SIZES_ALL];
+  int is_directional_mode, angle_stats_ready = 0;
+  uint8_t directional_mode_skip_mask[INTRA_MODES];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+  int8_t dc_skipped = 1;
+  FILTER_INTRA_MODE_INFO filter_intra_mode_info_uv[TX_SIZES_ALL];
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+  const int intra_cost_penalty = av1_get_intra_cost_penalty(
+      cm->base_qindex, cm->y_dc_delta_q, cm->bit_depth);
+  const int *const intra_mode_cost = cpi->mbmode_cost[size_group_lookup[bsize]];
+  int best_skip2 = 0;
+  uint8_t ref_frame_skip_mask[2] = { 0 };
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  uint32_t mode_skip_mask[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME] = { 0 };
+  MV_REFERENCE_FRAME best_single_inter_ref = LAST_FRAME;
+  int64_t best_single_inter_rd = INT64_MAX;
+#else
+  uint16_t mode_skip_mask[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME] = { 0 };
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  int mode_skip_start = sf->mode_skip_start + 1;
+  const int *const rd_threshes = rd_opt->threshes[segment_id][bsize];
+  const int *const rd_thresh_freq_fact = tile_data->thresh_freq_fact[bsize];
+  int64_t mode_threshold[MAX_MODES];
+  int *mode_map = tile_data->mode_map[bsize];
+  const int mode_search_skip_flags = sf->mode_search_skip_flags;
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+  od_rollback_buffer pre_buf;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+
+  HandleInterModeArgs args = {
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+    { NULL },
+    { MAX_SB_SIZE, MAX_SB_SIZE, MAX_SB_SIZE },
+    { NULL },
+    { MAX_SB_SIZE, MAX_SB_SIZE, MAX_SB_SIZE },
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    NULL,
+    NULL,
+    NULL,
+    NULL,
+    NULL,
+#else   // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    NULL,
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    { { 0 } },
+  };
+
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE || CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+  const int rows = block_size_high[bsize];
+  const int cols = block_size_wide[bsize];
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE || CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  int palette_ctx = 0;
+  const MODE_INFO *above_mi = xd->above_mi;
+  const MODE_INFO *left_mi = xd->left_mi;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint8_t, tmp_buf1[2 * MAX_MB_PLANE * MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint8_t, tmp_buf2[2 * MAX_MB_PLANE * MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+#else
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint8_t, tmp_buf1[MAX_MB_PLANE * MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint8_t, tmp_buf2[MAX_MB_PLANE * MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, int32_t, weighted_src_buf[MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, int32_t, mask2d_buf[MAX_SB_SQUARE]);
+  int dst_width1[MAX_MB_PLANE] = { MAX_SB_SIZE, MAX_SB_SIZE, MAX_SB_SIZE };
+  int dst_width2[MAX_MB_PLANE] = { MAX_SB_SIZE, MAX_SB_SIZE, MAX_SB_SIZE };
+  int dst_height1[MAX_MB_PLANE] = { MAX_SB_SIZE, MAX_SB_SIZE, MAX_SB_SIZE };
+  int dst_height2[MAX_MB_PLANE] = { MAX_SB_SIZE, MAX_SB_SIZE, MAX_SB_SIZE };
+
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+    int len = sizeof(uint16_t);
+    args.above_pred_buf[0] = CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(tmp_buf1);
+    args.above_pred_buf[1] = CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(tmp_buf1 + MAX_SB_SQUARE * len);
+    args.above_pred_buf[2] =
+        CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(tmp_buf1 + 2 * MAX_SB_SQUARE * len);
+    args.left_pred_buf[0] = CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(tmp_buf2);
+    args.left_pred_buf[1] = CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(tmp_buf2 + MAX_SB_SQUARE * len);
+    args.left_pred_buf[2] =
+        CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(tmp_buf2 + 2 * MAX_SB_SQUARE * len);
+  } else {
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    args.above_pred_buf[0] = tmp_buf1;
+    args.above_pred_buf[1] = tmp_buf1 + MAX_SB_SQUARE;
+    args.above_pred_buf[2] = tmp_buf1 + 2 * MAX_SB_SQUARE;
+    args.left_pred_buf[0] = tmp_buf2;
+    args.left_pred_buf[1] = tmp_buf2 + MAX_SB_SQUARE;
+    args.left_pred_buf[2] = tmp_buf2 + 2 * MAX_SB_SQUARE;
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+
+  av1_zero(best_mbmode);
+
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  av1_zero(pmi_uv);
+  if (try_palette) {
+    if (above_mi)
+      palette_ctx += (above_mi->mbmi.palette_mode_info.palette_size[0] > 0);
+    if (left_mi)
+      palette_ctx += (left_mi->mbmi.palette_mode_info.palette_size[0] > 0);
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+  memset(directional_mode_skip_mask, 0,
+         sizeof(directional_mode_skip_mask[0]) * INTRA_MODES);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+
+  estimate_ref_frame_costs(cm, xd, segment_id, ref_costs_single, ref_costs_comp,
+                           &comp_mode_p);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < REFERENCE_MODES; ++i) best_pred_rd[i] = INT64_MAX;
+  for (i = 0; i < TX_SIZES_ALL; i++) rate_uv_intra[i] = INT_MAX;
+  for (i = 0; i < TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME; ++i) x->pred_sse[i] = INT_MAX;
+  for (i = 0; i < MB_MODE_COUNT; ++i) {
+    for (k = 0; k < TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME; ++k) {
+      args.single_filter[i][k] = SWITCHABLE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  rd_cost->rate = INT_MAX;
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+  *returnrate_nocoef = INT_MAX;
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+
+  for (ref_frame = LAST_FRAME; ref_frame <= ALTREF_FRAME; ++ref_frame) {
+    x->pred_mv_sad[ref_frame] = INT_MAX;
+    x->mbmi_ext->mode_context[ref_frame] = 0;
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV && CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    x->mbmi_ext->compound_mode_context[ref_frame] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV && CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    if (cpi->ref_frame_flags & flag_list[ref_frame]) {
+      assert(get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi, ref_frame) != NULL);
+      setup_buffer_inter(cpi, x, ref_frame, bsize, mi_row, mi_col,
+                         frame_mv[NEARESTMV], frame_mv[NEARMV], yv12_mb);
+    }
+    frame_mv[NEWMV][ref_frame].as_int = INVALID_MV;
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+    frame_mv[ZEROMV][ref_frame].as_int =
+        gm_get_motion_vector(&cm->global_motion[ref_frame],
+                             cm->allow_high_precision_mv, bsize, mi_col, mi_row,
+                             0)
+            .as_int;
+#else   // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+    frame_mv[ZEROMV][ref_frame].as_int = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    frame_mv[NEW_NEWMV][ref_frame].as_int = INVALID_MV;
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+    frame_mv[ZERO_ZEROMV][ref_frame].as_int =
+        gm_get_motion_vector(&cm->global_motion[ref_frame],
+                             cm->allow_high_precision_mv, bsize, mi_col, mi_row,
+                             0)
+            .as_int;
+#else   // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+    frame_mv[ZERO_ZEROMV][ref_frame].as_int = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  }
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+  for (; ref_frame < MODE_CTX_REF_FRAMES; ++ref_frame) {
+    MODE_INFO *const mi = xd->mi[0];
+    int_mv *const candidates = x->mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[ref_frame];
+    x->mbmi_ext->mode_context[ref_frame] = 0;
+    av1_find_mv_refs(cm, xd, mi, ref_frame, &mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[ref_frame],
+                     mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame],
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                     mbmi_ext->compound_mode_context,
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                     candidates, mi_row, mi_col, NULL, NULL,
+                     mbmi_ext->mode_context);
+    if (mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[ref_frame] < 2) {
+      MV_REFERENCE_FRAME rf[2];
+      av1_set_ref_frame(rf, ref_frame);
+      if (mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[rf[0]][0].as_int !=
+              frame_mv[ZEROMV][rf[0]].as_int ||
+          mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[rf[0]][1].as_int !=
+              frame_mv[ZEROMV][rf[0]].as_int ||
+          mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[rf[1]][0].as_int !=
+              frame_mv[ZEROMV][rf[1]].as_int ||
+          mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[rf[1]][1].as_int != frame_mv[ZEROMV][rf[1]].as_int)
+        mbmi_ext->mode_context[ref_frame] &= ~(1 << ALL_ZERO_FLAG_OFFSET);
+    }
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+  av1_count_overlappable_neighbors(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col);
+  if (check_num_overlappable_neighbors(mbmi) &&
+      is_motion_variation_allowed_bsize(bsize)) {
+    av1_build_prediction_by_above_preds(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col,
+                                        args.above_pred_buf, dst_width1,
+                                        dst_height1, args.above_pred_stride);
+    av1_build_prediction_by_left_preds(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col,
+                                       args.left_pred_buf, dst_width2,
+                                       dst_height2, args.left_pred_stride);
+    av1_setup_dst_planes(xd->plane, bsize, get_frame_new_buffer(cm), mi_row,
+                         mi_col);
+    x->mask_buf = mask2d_buf;
+    x->wsrc_buf = weighted_src_buf;
+    calc_target_weighted_pred(cm, x, xd, mi_row, mi_col, args.above_pred_buf[0],
+                              args.above_pred_stride[0], args.left_pred_buf[0],
+                              args.left_pred_stride[0]);
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+
+  for (ref_frame = LAST_FRAME; ref_frame <= ALTREF_FRAME; ++ref_frame) {
+    if (!(cpi->ref_frame_flags & flag_list[ref_frame])) {
+// Skip checking missing references in both single and compound reference
+// modes. Note that a mode will be skipped iff both reference frames
+// are masked out.
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+      if (ref_frame == BWDREF_FRAME || ref_frame == ALTREF_FRAME) {
+        ref_frame_skip_mask[0] |= (1 << ref_frame);
+        ref_frame_skip_mask[1] |= ((1 << ref_frame) | 0x01);
+      } else {
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+        ref_frame_skip_mask[0] |= (1 << ref_frame);
+        ref_frame_skip_mask[1] |= SECOND_REF_FRAME_MASK;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+      }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+    } else {
+      for (i = LAST_FRAME; i <= ALTREF_FRAME; ++i) {
+        // Skip fixed mv modes for poor references
+        if ((x->pred_mv_sad[ref_frame] >> 2) > x->pred_mv_sad[i]) {
+          mode_skip_mask[ref_frame] |= INTER_NEAREST_NEAR_ZERO;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // If the segment reference frame feature is enabled....
+    // then do nothing if the current ref frame is not allowed..
+    if (segfeature_active(seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME) &&
+        get_segdata(seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME) != (int)ref_frame) {
+      ref_frame_skip_mask[0] |= (1 << ref_frame);
+      ref_frame_skip_mask[1] |= SECOND_REF_FRAME_MASK;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Disable this drop out case if the ref frame
+  // segment level feature is enabled for this segment. This is to
+  // prevent the possibility that we end up unable to pick any mode.
+  if (!segfeature_active(seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME)) {
+    // Only consider ZEROMV/ALTREF_FRAME for alt ref frame,
+    // unless ARNR filtering is enabled in which case we want
+    // an unfiltered alternative. We allow near/nearest as well
+    // because they may result in zero-zero MVs but be cheaper.
+    if (cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref && (cpi->oxcf.arnr_max_frames == 0)) {
+      int_mv zeromv;
+      ref_frame_skip_mask[0] = (1 << LAST_FRAME) |
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+                               (1 << LAST2_FRAME) | (1 << LAST3_FRAME) |
+                               (1 << BWDREF_FRAME) |
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+                               (1 << GOLDEN_FRAME);
+      ref_frame_skip_mask[1] = SECOND_REF_FRAME_MASK;
+      // TODO(zoeliu): To further explore whether following needs to be done for
+      //               BWDREF_FRAME as well.
+      mode_skip_mask[ALTREF_FRAME] = ~INTER_NEAREST_NEAR_ZERO;
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+      zeromv.as_int = gm_get_motion_vector(&cm->global_motion[ALTREF_FRAME],
+                                           cm->allow_high_precision_mv, bsize,
+                                           mi_col, mi_row, 0)
+                          .as_int;
+#else
+      zeromv.as_int = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+      if (frame_mv[NEARMV][ALTREF_FRAME].as_int != zeromv.as_int)
+        mode_skip_mask[ALTREF_FRAME] |= (1 << NEARMV);
+      if (frame_mv[NEARESTMV][ALTREF_FRAME].as_int != zeromv.as_int)
+        mode_skip_mask[ALTREF_FRAME] |= (1 << NEARESTMV);
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      if (frame_mv[NEAREST_NEARESTMV][ALTREF_FRAME].as_int != zeromv.as_int)
+        mode_skip_mask[ALTREF_FRAME] |= (1 << NEAREST_NEARESTMV);
+      if (frame_mv[NEAREST_NEARMV][ALTREF_FRAME].as_int != zeromv.as_int)
+        mode_skip_mask[ALTREF_FRAME] |= (1 << NEAREST_NEARMV);
+      if (frame_mv[NEAR_NEARESTMV][ALTREF_FRAME].as_int != zeromv.as_int)
+        mode_skip_mask[ALTREF_FRAME] |= (1 << NEAR_NEARESTMV);
+      if (frame_mv[NEAR_NEARMV][ALTREF_FRAME].as_int != zeromv.as_int)
+        mode_skip_mask[ALTREF_FRAME] |= (1 << NEAR_NEARMV);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref) {
+    if (sf->alt_ref_search_fp) {
+      assert(cpi->ref_frame_flags & flag_list[ALTREF_FRAME]);
+      mode_skip_mask[ALTREF_FRAME] = 0;
+      ref_frame_skip_mask[0] = ~(1 << ALTREF_FRAME);
+      ref_frame_skip_mask[1] = SECOND_REF_FRAME_MASK;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (sf->alt_ref_search_fp)
+    if (!cm->show_frame && x->pred_mv_sad[GOLDEN_FRAME] < INT_MAX)
+      if (x->pred_mv_sad[ALTREF_FRAME] > (x->pred_mv_sad[GOLDEN_FRAME] << 1))
+        mode_skip_mask[ALTREF_FRAME] |= INTER_ALL;
+
+  if (sf->adaptive_mode_search) {
+    if (cm->show_frame && !cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref &&
+        cpi->rc.frames_since_golden >= 3)
+      if (x->pred_mv_sad[GOLDEN_FRAME] > (x->pred_mv_sad[LAST_FRAME] << 1))
+        mode_skip_mask[GOLDEN_FRAME] |= INTER_ALL;
+  }
+
+  if (bsize > sf->max_intra_bsize) {
+    ref_frame_skip_mask[0] |= (1 << INTRA_FRAME);
+    ref_frame_skip_mask[1] |= (1 << INTRA_FRAME);
+  }
+
+  mode_skip_mask[INTRA_FRAME] |=
+      ~(sf->intra_y_mode_mask[max_txsize_lookup[bsize]]);
+
+  for (i = 0; i <= LAST_NEW_MV_INDEX; ++i) mode_threshold[i] = 0;
+  for (i = LAST_NEW_MV_INDEX + 1; i < MAX_MODES; ++i)
+    mode_threshold[i] = ((int64_t)rd_threshes[i] * rd_thresh_freq_fact[i]) >> 5;
+
+  midx = sf->schedule_mode_search ? mode_skip_start : 0;
+  while (midx > 4) {
+    uint8_t end_pos = 0;
+    for (i = 5; i < midx; ++i) {
+      if (mode_threshold[mode_map[i - 1]] > mode_threshold[mode_map[i]]) {
+        uint8_t tmp = mode_map[i];
+        mode_map[i] = mode_map[i - 1];
+        mode_map[i - 1] = tmp;
+        end_pos = i;
+      }
+    }
+    midx = end_pos;
+  }
+
+  if (cpi->sf.tx_type_search.fast_intra_tx_type_search)
+    x->use_default_intra_tx_type = 1;
+  else
+    x->use_default_intra_tx_type = 0;
+
+  if (cpi->sf.tx_type_search.fast_inter_tx_type_search)
+    x->use_default_inter_tx_type = 1;
+  else
+    x->use_default_inter_tx_type = 0;
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+  od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &pre_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  for (i = 0; i < MB_MODE_COUNT; ++i)
+    for (ref_frame = 0; ref_frame < TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME; ++ref_frame)
+      modelled_rd[i][ref_frame] = INT64_MAX;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+  for (midx = 0; midx < MAX_MODES; ++midx) {
+    int mode_index;
+    int mode_excluded = 0;
+    int64_t this_rd = INT64_MAX;
+    int disable_skip = 0;
+    int compmode_cost = 0;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    int compmode_interintra_cost = 0;
+    int compmode_interinter_cost = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    int rate2 = 0, rate_y = 0, rate_uv = 0;
+    int64_t distortion2 = 0, distortion_y = 0, distortion_uv = 0;
+    int skippable = 0;
+    int this_skip2 = 0;
+    int64_t total_sse = INT64_MAX;
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+    uint8_t ref_frame_type;
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+    od_encode_rollback(&x->daala_enc, &pre_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+    mode_index = mode_map[midx];
+    this_mode = av1_mode_order[mode_index].mode;
+    ref_frame = av1_mode_order[mode_index].ref_frame[0];
+    second_ref_frame = av1_mode_order[mode_index].ref_frame[1];
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+    mbmi->ref_mv_idx = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    if (ref_frame > INTRA_FRAME && second_ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) {
+      // Mode must by compatible
+      if (!is_interintra_allowed_mode(this_mode)) continue;
+      if (!is_interintra_allowed_bsize(bsize)) continue;
+    }
+
+    if (is_inter_compound_mode(this_mode)) {
+      frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame].as_int =
+          frame_mv[compound_ref0_mode(this_mode)][ref_frame].as_int;
+      frame_mv[this_mode][second_ref_frame].as_int =
+          frame_mv[compound_ref1_mode(this_mode)][second_ref_frame].as_int;
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+    // Look at the reference frame of the best mode so far and set the
+    // skip mask to look at a subset of the remaining modes.
+    if (midx == mode_skip_start && best_mode_index >= 0) {
+      switch (best_mbmode.ref_frame[0]) {
+        case INTRA_FRAME: break;
+        case LAST_FRAME:
+          ref_frame_skip_mask[0] |= LAST_FRAME_MODE_MASK;
+          ref_frame_skip_mask[1] |= SECOND_REF_FRAME_MASK;
+          break;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+        case LAST2_FRAME:
+          ref_frame_skip_mask[0] |= LAST2_FRAME_MODE_MASK;
+          ref_frame_skip_mask[1] |= SECOND_REF_FRAME_MASK;
+          break;
+        case LAST3_FRAME:
+          ref_frame_skip_mask[0] |= LAST3_FRAME_MODE_MASK;
+          ref_frame_skip_mask[1] |= SECOND_REF_FRAME_MASK;
+          break;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+        case GOLDEN_FRAME:
+          ref_frame_skip_mask[0] |= GOLDEN_FRAME_MODE_MASK;
+          ref_frame_skip_mask[1] |= SECOND_REF_FRAME_MASK;
+          break;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+        case BWDREF_FRAME:
+          ref_frame_skip_mask[0] |= BWDREF_FRAME_MODE_MASK;
+          ref_frame_skip_mask[1] |= SECOND_REF_FRAME_MASK;
+          break;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+        case ALTREF_FRAME: ref_frame_skip_mask[0] |= ALTREF_FRAME_MODE_MASK;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+          ref_frame_skip_mask[1] |= SECOND_REF_FRAME_MASK;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+          break;
+        case NONE_FRAME:
+        case TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME:
+          assert(0 && "Invalid Reference frame");
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if ((ref_frame_skip_mask[0] & (1 << ref_frame)) &&
+        (ref_frame_skip_mask[1] & (1 << AOMMAX(0, second_ref_frame))))
+      continue;
+
+    if (mode_skip_mask[ref_frame] & (1 << this_mode)) continue;
+
+    // Test best rd so far against threshold for trying this mode.
+    if (best_mode_skippable && sf->schedule_mode_search)
+      mode_threshold[mode_index] <<= 1;
+
+    if (best_rd < mode_threshold[mode_index]) continue;
+
+    // This is only used in motion vector unit test.
+    if (cpi->oxcf.motion_vector_unit_test && ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) continue;
+
+#if CONFIG_LOWDELAY_COMPOUND  // Changes LL bitstream
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+    if (cpi->oxcf.pass == 0) {
+      // Complexity-compression trade-offs
+      // if (ref_frame == ALTREF_FRAME) continue;
+      // if (ref_frame == BWDREF_FRAME) continue;
+      if (second_ref_frame == ALTREF_FRAME) continue;
+      // if (second_ref_frame == BWDREF_FRAME) continue;
+    }
+#endif
+#endif
+    comp_pred = second_ref_frame > INTRA_FRAME;
+    if (comp_pred) {
+      if (!cpi->allow_comp_inter_inter) continue;
+
+      // Skip compound inter modes if ARF is not available.
+      if (!(cpi->ref_frame_flags & flag_list[second_ref_frame])) continue;
+
+      // Do not allow compound prediction if the segment level reference frame
+      // feature is in use as in this case there can only be one reference.
+      if (segfeature_active(seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME)) continue;
+
+      if ((mode_search_skip_flags & FLAG_SKIP_COMP_BESTINTRA) &&
+          best_mode_index >= 0 && best_mbmode.ref_frame[0] == INTRA_FRAME)
+        continue;
+
+      mode_excluded = cm->reference_mode == SINGLE_REFERENCE;
+    } else {
+      if (ref_frame != INTRA_FRAME)
+        mode_excluded = cm->reference_mode == COMPOUND_REFERENCE;
+    }
+
+    if (ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) {
+      if (sf->adaptive_mode_search)
+        if ((x->source_variance << num_pels_log2_lookup[bsize]) > best_pred_sse)
+          continue;
+
+      if (this_mode != DC_PRED) {
+        // Disable intra modes other than DC_PRED for blocks with low variance
+        // Threshold for intra skipping based on source variance
+        // TODO(debargha): Specialize the threshold for super block sizes
+        const unsigned int skip_intra_var_thresh = 64;
+        if ((mode_search_skip_flags & FLAG_SKIP_INTRA_LOWVAR) &&
+            x->source_variance < skip_intra_var_thresh)
+          continue;
+        // Only search the oblique modes if the best so far is
+        // one of the neighboring directional modes
+        if ((mode_search_skip_flags & FLAG_SKIP_INTRA_BESTINTER) &&
+            (this_mode >= D45_PRED && this_mode <= TM_PRED)) {
+          if (best_mode_index >= 0 && best_mbmode.ref_frame[0] > INTRA_FRAME)
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (mode_search_skip_flags & FLAG_SKIP_INTRA_DIRMISMATCH) {
+          if (conditional_skipintra(this_mode, best_intra_mode)) continue;
+        }
+      }
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+    } else if (cm->global_motion[ref_frame].wmtype == IDENTITY &&
+               (!comp_pred ||
+                cm->global_motion[second_ref_frame].wmtype == IDENTITY)) {
+#else   // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+    } else {
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+      const MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frames[2] = { ref_frame, second_ref_frame };
+      if (!check_best_zero_mv(cpi, mbmi_ext->mode_context,
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV && CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                              mbmi_ext->compound_mode_context,
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV && CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                              frame_mv, this_mode, ref_frames, bsize, -1,
+                              mi_row, mi_col))
+        continue;
+    }
+
+    mbmi->mode = this_mode;
+    mbmi->uv_mode = DC_PRED;
+    mbmi->ref_frame[0] = ref_frame;
+    mbmi->ref_frame[1] = second_ref_frame;
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+    pmi->palette_size[0] = 0;
+    pmi->palette_size[1] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+    mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[0] = 0;
+    mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[1] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+        // Evaluate all sub-pel filters irrespective of whether we can use
+        // them for this frame.
+
+    set_default_interp_filters(mbmi, cm->interp_filter);
+
+    mbmi->mv[0].as_int = mbmi->mv[1].as_int = 0;
+    mbmi->motion_mode = SIMPLE_TRANSLATION;
+
+    x->skip = 0;
+    set_ref_ptrs(cm, xd, ref_frame, second_ref_frame);
+
+    // Select prediction reference frames.
+    for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++) {
+      xd->plane[i].pre[0] = yv12_mb[ref_frame][i];
+      if (comp_pred) xd->plane[i].pre[1] = yv12_mb[second_ref_frame][i];
+    }
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    mbmi->interintra_mode = (INTERINTRA_MODE)(II_DC_PRED - 1);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+    if (ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) {
+      RD_STATS rd_stats_y;
+      TX_SIZE uv_tx;
+      struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[1];
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+      is_directional_mode = av1_is_directional_mode(mbmi->mode, bsize);
+      if (is_directional_mode) {
+        int rate_dummy;
+        int64_t model_rd = INT64_MAX;
+        if (!angle_stats_ready) {
+          const int src_stride = x->plane[0].src.stride;
+          const uint8_t *src = x->plane[0].src.buf;
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+          if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH)
+            highbd_angle_estimation(src, src_stride, rows, cols,
+                                    directional_mode_skip_mask);
+          else
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+            angle_estimation(src, src_stride, rows, cols,
+                             directional_mode_skip_mask);
+          angle_stats_ready = 1;
+        }
+        if (directional_mode_skip_mask[mbmi->mode]) continue;
+        rd_stats_y.rate = INT_MAX;
+        rd_pick_intra_angle_sby(cpi, x, &rate_dummy, &rd_stats_y, bsize,
+                                intra_mode_cost[mbmi->mode], best_rd,
+                                &model_rd);
+      } else {
+        mbmi->angle_delta[0] = 0;
+        super_block_yrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats_y, bsize, best_rd);
+      }
+#else
+      super_block_yrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats_y, bsize, best_rd);
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+      rate_y = rd_stats_y.rate;
+      distortion_y = rd_stats_y.dist;
+      skippable = rd_stats_y.skip;
+
+      if (rate_y == INT_MAX) continue;
+
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+      if (mbmi->mode == DC_PRED) dc_skipped = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+
+      uv_tx = uv_txsize_lookup[bsize][mbmi->tx_size][pd->subsampling_x]
+                              [pd->subsampling_y];
+      if (rate_uv_intra[uv_tx] == INT_MAX) {
+        choose_intra_uv_mode(cpi, x, ctx, bsize, uv_tx, &rate_uv_intra[uv_tx],
+                             &rate_uv_tokenonly[uv_tx], &dist_uvs[uv_tx],
+                             &skip_uvs[uv_tx], &mode_uv[uv_tx]);
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+        if (try_palette) pmi_uv[uv_tx] = *pmi;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+        uv_angle_delta[uv_tx] = mbmi->angle_delta[1];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+        filter_intra_mode_info_uv[uv_tx] = mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info;
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+      }
+
+      rate_uv = rate_uv_tokenonly[uv_tx];
+      distortion_uv = dist_uvs[uv_tx];
+      skippable = skippable && skip_uvs[uv_tx];
+      mbmi->uv_mode = mode_uv[uv_tx];
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+      if (try_palette) {
+        pmi->palette_size[1] = pmi_uv[uv_tx].palette_size[1];
+        memcpy(pmi->palette_colors + PALETTE_MAX_SIZE,
+               pmi_uv[uv_tx].palette_colors + PALETTE_MAX_SIZE,
+               2 * PALETTE_MAX_SIZE * sizeof(pmi->palette_colors[0]));
+      }
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+      mbmi->angle_delta[1] = uv_angle_delta[uv_tx];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+      mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[1] =
+          filter_intra_mode_info_uv[uv_tx].use_filter_intra_mode[1];
+      if (filter_intra_mode_info_uv[uv_tx].use_filter_intra_mode[1]) {
+        mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.filter_intra_mode[1] =
+            filter_intra_mode_info_uv[uv_tx].filter_intra_mode[1];
+      }
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+
+#if CONFIG_CB4X4
+      rate2 = rate_y + intra_mode_cost[mbmi->mode];
+      if (!x->skip_chroma_rd)
+        rate2 += rate_uv + cpi->intra_uv_mode_cost[mbmi->mode][mbmi->uv_mode];
+#else
+      rate2 = rate_y + intra_mode_cost[mbmi->mode] + rate_uv +
+              cpi->intra_uv_mode_cost[mbmi->mode][mbmi->uv_mode];
+#endif  // CONFIG_CB4X4
+
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+      if (try_palette && mbmi->mode == DC_PRED) {
+        rate2 += av1_cost_bit(
+            av1_default_palette_y_mode_prob[bsize - BLOCK_8X8][palette_ctx], 0);
+      }
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+      if (!xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id] && bsize >= BLOCK_8X8) {
+        // super_block_yrd above includes the cost of the tx_size in the
+        // tokenonly rate, but for intra blocks, tx_size is always coded
+        // (prediction granularity), so we account for it in the full rate,
+        // not the tokenonly rate.
+        rate_y -= tx_size_cost(cpi, x, bsize, mbmi->tx_size);
+      }
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+      if (is_directional_mode) {
+#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+        const int intra_filter_ctx = av1_get_pred_context_intra_interp(xd);
+        const int p_angle =
+            mode_to_angle_map[mbmi->mode] + mbmi->angle_delta[0] * ANGLE_STEP;
+        if (av1_is_intra_filter_switchable(p_angle))
+          rate2 += cpi->intra_filter_cost[intra_filter_ctx][mbmi->intra_filter];
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+        rate2 += write_uniform_cost(2 * MAX_ANGLE_DELTA + 1,
+                                    MAX_ANGLE_DELTA + mbmi->angle_delta[0]);
+      }
+      if (mbmi->uv_mode != DC_PRED && mbmi->uv_mode != TM_PRED) {
+        rate2 += write_uniform_cost(2 * MAX_ANGLE_DELTA + 1,
+                                    MAX_ANGLE_DELTA + mbmi->angle_delta[1]);
+      }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+      if (mbmi->mode == DC_PRED) {
+        rate2 +=
+            av1_cost_bit(cm->fc->filter_intra_probs[0],
+                         mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[0]);
+        if (mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[0]) {
+          rate2 += write_uniform_cost(
+              FILTER_INTRA_MODES,
+              mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.filter_intra_mode[0]);
+        }
+      }
+      if (mbmi->uv_mode == DC_PRED) {
+        rate2 +=
+            av1_cost_bit(cpi->common.fc->filter_intra_probs[1],
+                         mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[1]);
+        if (mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[1])
+          rate2 += write_uniform_cost(
+              FILTER_INTRA_MODES,
+              mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.filter_intra_mode[1]);
+      }
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+      if (mbmi->mode != DC_PRED && mbmi->mode != TM_PRED)
+        rate2 += intra_cost_penalty;
+      distortion2 = distortion_y + distortion_uv;
+    } else {
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+      int_mv backup_ref_mv[2];
+
+#if !SUB8X8_COMP_REF
+      if (bsize < BLOCK_8X8 && mbmi->ref_frame[1] > INTRA_FRAME) continue;
+#endif  // !SUB8X8_COMP_REF
+
+      backup_ref_mv[0] = mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[ref_frame][0];
+      if (comp_pred) backup_ref_mv[1] = mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[second_ref_frame][0];
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      if (second_ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) {
+        if (best_single_inter_ref != ref_frame) continue;
+        mbmi->interintra_mode = intra_to_interintra_mode[best_intra_mode];
+// TODO(debargha|geza.lore):
+// Should we use ext_intra modes for interintra?
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+        mbmi->angle_delta[0] = 0;
+        mbmi->angle_delta[1] = 0;
+#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+        mbmi->intra_filter = INTRA_FILTER_LINEAR;
+#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+        mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[0] = 0;
+        mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[1] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+      }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+      mbmi->ref_mv_idx = 0;
+      ref_frame_type = av1_ref_frame_type(mbmi->ref_frame);
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      if (comp_pred) {
+        if (mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[ref_frame_type] > 1) {
+          int ref_mv_idx = 0;
+          // Special case: NEAR_NEWMV and NEW_NEARMV modes use
+          // 1 + mbmi->ref_mv_idx (like NEARMV) instead of
+          // mbmi->ref_mv_idx (like NEWMV)
+          if (mbmi->mode == NEAR_NEWMV || mbmi->mode == NEW_NEARMV)
+            ref_mv_idx = 1;
+
+          if (compound_ref0_mode(mbmi->mode) == NEWMV) {
+            int_mv this_mv =
+                mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type][ref_mv_idx].this_mv;
+            clamp_mv_ref(&this_mv.as_mv, xd->n8_w << MI_SIZE_LOG2,
+                         xd->n8_h << MI_SIZE_LOG2, xd);
+            mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[mbmi->ref_frame[0]][0] = this_mv;
+          }
+          if (compound_ref1_mode(mbmi->mode) == NEWMV) {
+            int_mv this_mv =
+                mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type][ref_mv_idx].comp_mv;
+            clamp_mv_ref(&this_mv.as_mv, xd->n8_w << MI_SIZE_LOG2,
+                         xd->n8_h << MI_SIZE_LOG2, xd);
+            mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[mbmi->ref_frame[1]][0] = this_mv;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+        if (mbmi->mode == NEWMV && mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[ref_frame_type] > 1) {
+          int ref;
+          for (ref = 0; ref < 1 + comp_pred; ++ref) {
+            int_mv this_mv =
+                (ref == 0) ? mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type][0].this_mv
+                           : mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type][0].comp_mv;
+            clamp_mv_ref(&this_mv.as_mv, xd->n8_w << MI_SIZE_LOG2,
+                         xd->n8_h << MI_SIZE_LOG2, xd);
+            mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[mbmi->ref_frame[ref]][0] = this_mv;
+          }
+        }
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+      {
+        RD_STATS rd_stats, rd_stats_y, rd_stats_uv;
+        av1_init_rd_stats(&rd_stats);
+        rd_stats.rate = rate2;
+
+        // Point to variables that are maintained between loop iterations
+        args.single_newmv = single_newmv;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+        args.single_newmv_rate = single_newmv_rate;
+        args.compmode_interintra_cost = &compmode_interintra_cost;
+        args.compmode_interinter_cost = &compmode_interinter_cost;
+        args.modelled_rd = modelled_rd;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+        this_rd = handle_inter_mode(cpi, x, bsize, &rd_stats, &rd_stats_y,
+                                    &rd_stats_uv, &disable_skip, frame_mv,
+                                    mi_row, mi_col, &args, best_rd);
+// Prevent pointers from escaping local scope
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+        args.compmode_interintra_cost = NULL;
+        args.compmode_interinter_cost = NULL;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+        rate2 = rd_stats.rate;
+        skippable = rd_stats.skip;
+        distortion2 = rd_stats.dist;
+        total_sse = rd_stats.sse;
+        rate_y = rd_stats_y.rate;
+        rate_uv = rd_stats_uv.rate;
+      }
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+// TODO(jingning): This needs some refactoring to improve code quality
+// and reduce redundant steps.
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      if ((have_nearmv_in_inter_mode(mbmi->mode) &&
+           mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[ref_frame_type] > 2) ||
+          ((mbmi->mode == NEWMV || mbmi->mode == NEW_NEWMV) &&
+           mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[ref_frame_type] > 1)) {
+#else
+      if ((mbmi->mode == NEARMV &&
+           mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[ref_frame_type] > 2) ||
+          (mbmi->mode == NEWMV && mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[ref_frame_type] > 1)) {
+#endif
+        int_mv backup_mv = frame_mv[NEARMV][ref_frame];
+        MB_MODE_INFO backup_mbmi = *mbmi;
+        int backup_skip = x->skip;
+        int64_t tmp_ref_rd = this_rd;
+        int ref_idx;
+
+// TODO(jingning): This should be deprecated shortly.
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+        int idx_offset = have_nearmv_in_inter_mode(mbmi->mode) ? 1 : 0;
+#else
+        int idx_offset = (mbmi->mode == NEARMV) ? 1 : 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+        int ref_set =
+            AOMMIN(2, mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[ref_frame_type] - 1 - idx_offset);
+
+        uint8_t drl_ctx =
+            av1_drl_ctx(mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type], idx_offset);
+        // Dummy
+        int_mv backup_fmv[2];
+        backup_fmv[0] = frame_mv[NEWMV][ref_frame];
+        if (comp_pred) backup_fmv[1] = frame_mv[NEWMV][second_ref_frame];
+
+        rate2 += (rate2 < INT_MAX ? cpi->drl_mode_cost0[drl_ctx][0] : 0);
+
+        if (this_rd < INT64_MAX) {
+          if (RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate_y + rate_uv, distortion2) <
+              RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, 0, total_sse))
+            tmp_ref_rd =
+                RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                       rate2 + av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 0),
+                       distortion2);
+          else
+            tmp_ref_rd =
+                RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                       rate2 + av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1) -
+                           rate_y - rate_uv,
+                       total_sse);
+        }
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+        for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++i)
+          memcpy(x->blk_skip_drl[i], x->blk_skip[i],
+                 sizeof(uint8_t) * ctx->num_4x4_blk);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+
+        for (ref_idx = 0; ref_idx < ref_set; ++ref_idx) {
+          int64_t tmp_alt_rd = INT64_MAX;
+          int dummy_disable_skip = 0;
+          int ref;
+          int_mv cur_mv;
+          RD_STATS tmp_rd_stats, tmp_rd_stats_y, tmp_rd_stats_uv;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+          int tmp_compmode_interintra_cost = 0;
+          int tmp_compmode_interinter_cost = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+          av1_invalid_rd_stats(&tmp_rd_stats);
+          x->skip = 0;
+
+          mbmi->ref_mv_idx = 1 + ref_idx;
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+          if (comp_pred) {
+            int ref_mv_idx = mbmi->ref_mv_idx;
+            // Special case: NEAR_NEWMV and NEW_NEARMV modes use
+            // 1 + mbmi->ref_mv_idx (like NEARMV) instead of
+            // mbmi->ref_mv_idx (like NEWMV)
+            if (mbmi->mode == NEAR_NEWMV || mbmi->mode == NEW_NEARMV)
+              ref_mv_idx = 1 + mbmi->ref_mv_idx;
+
+            if (compound_ref0_mode(mbmi->mode) == NEWMV) {
+              int_mv this_mv =
+                  mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type][ref_mv_idx].this_mv;
+              clamp_mv_ref(&this_mv.as_mv, xd->n8_w << MI_SIZE_LOG2,
+                           xd->n8_h << MI_SIZE_LOG2, xd);
+              mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[mbmi->ref_frame[0]][0] = this_mv;
+            } else if (compound_ref0_mode(mbmi->mode) == NEARESTMV) {
+              int_mv this_mv =
+                  mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type][0].this_mv;
+              clamp_mv_ref(&this_mv.as_mv, xd->n8_w << MI_SIZE_LOG2,
+                           xd->n8_h << MI_SIZE_LOG2, xd);
+              mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[mbmi->ref_frame[0]][0] = this_mv;
+            }
+
+            if (compound_ref1_mode(mbmi->mode) == NEWMV) {
+              int_mv this_mv =
+                  mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type][ref_mv_idx].comp_mv;
+              clamp_mv_ref(&this_mv.as_mv, xd->n8_w << MI_SIZE_LOG2,
+                           xd->n8_h << MI_SIZE_LOG2, xd);
+              mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[mbmi->ref_frame[1]][0] = this_mv;
+            } else if (compound_ref1_mode(mbmi->mode) == NEARESTMV) {
+              int_mv this_mv =
+                  mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type][0].comp_mv;
+              clamp_mv_ref(&this_mv.as_mv, xd->n8_w << MI_SIZE_LOG2,
+                           xd->n8_h << MI_SIZE_LOG2, xd);
+              mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[mbmi->ref_frame[1]][0] = this_mv;
+            }
+          } else {
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+            for (ref = 0; ref < 1 + comp_pred; ++ref) {
+              int_mv this_mv =
+                  (ref == 0)
+                      ? mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type][mbmi->ref_mv_idx]
+                            .this_mv
+                      : mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type][mbmi->ref_mv_idx]
+                            .comp_mv;
+              clamp_mv_ref(&this_mv.as_mv, xd->n8_w << MI_SIZE_LOG2,
+                           xd->n8_h << MI_SIZE_LOG2, xd);
+              mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[mbmi->ref_frame[ref]][0] = this_mv;
+            }
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+          }
+#endif
+
+          cur_mv =
+              mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame][mbmi->ref_mv_idx + idx_offset]
+                  .this_mv;
+          clamp_mv2(&cur_mv.as_mv, xd);
+
+          if (!mv_check_bounds(&x->mv_limits, &cur_mv.as_mv)) {
+            int_mv dummy_single_newmv[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME] = { { 0 } };
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+            int dummy_single_newmv_rate[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME] = { 0 };
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+            frame_mv[NEARMV][ref_frame] = cur_mv;
+            av1_init_rd_stats(&tmp_rd_stats);
+
+            // Point to variables that are not maintained between iterations
+            args.single_newmv = dummy_single_newmv;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+            args.single_newmv_rate = dummy_single_newmv_rate;
+            args.compmode_interintra_cost = &tmp_compmode_interintra_cost;
+            args.compmode_interinter_cost = &tmp_compmode_interinter_cost;
+            args.modelled_rd = NULL;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+            tmp_alt_rd = handle_inter_mode(
+                cpi, x, bsize, &tmp_rd_stats, &tmp_rd_stats_y, &tmp_rd_stats_uv,
+                &dummy_disable_skip, frame_mv, mi_row, mi_col, &args, best_rd);
+            // Prevent pointers from escaping local scope
+            args.single_newmv = NULL;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+            args.single_newmv_rate = NULL;
+            args.compmode_interintra_cost = NULL;
+            args.compmode_interinter_cost = NULL;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+          }
+
+          for (i = 0; i < mbmi->ref_mv_idx; ++i) {
+            uint8_t drl1_ctx = 0;
+            drl1_ctx = av1_drl_ctx(mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type],
+                                   i + idx_offset);
+            tmp_rd_stats.rate +=
+                (tmp_rd_stats.rate < INT_MAX ? cpi->drl_mode_cost0[drl1_ctx][1]
+                                             : 0);
+          }
+
+          if (mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[ref_frame_type] >
+                  mbmi->ref_mv_idx + idx_offset + 1 &&
+              ref_idx < ref_set - 1) {
+            uint8_t drl1_ctx =
+                av1_drl_ctx(mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type],
+                            mbmi->ref_mv_idx + idx_offset);
+            tmp_rd_stats.rate +=
+                (tmp_rd_stats.rate < INT_MAX ? cpi->drl_mode_cost0[drl1_ctx][0]
+                                             : 0);
+          }
+
+          if (tmp_alt_rd < INT64_MAX) {
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+            tmp_alt_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, tmp_rd_stats.rate,
+                                tmp_rd_stats.dist);
+#else
+            if (RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                       tmp_rd_stats_y.rate + tmp_rd_stats_uv.rate,
+                       tmp_rd_stats.dist) <
+                RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, 0, tmp_rd_stats.sse))
+              tmp_alt_rd =
+                  RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                         tmp_rd_stats.rate +
+                             av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 0),
+                         tmp_rd_stats.dist);
+            else
+              tmp_alt_rd =
+                  RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                         tmp_rd_stats.rate +
+                             av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1) -
+                             tmp_rd_stats_y.rate - tmp_rd_stats_uv.rate,
+                         tmp_rd_stats.sse);
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+          }
+
+          if (tmp_ref_rd > tmp_alt_rd) {
+            rate2 = tmp_rd_stats.rate;
+            disable_skip = dummy_disable_skip;
+            distortion2 = tmp_rd_stats.dist;
+            skippable = tmp_rd_stats.skip;
+            rate_y = tmp_rd_stats_y.rate;
+            rate_uv = tmp_rd_stats_uv.rate;
+            total_sse = tmp_rd_stats.sse;
+            this_rd = tmp_alt_rd;
+            tmp_ref_rd = tmp_alt_rd;
+            backup_mbmi = *mbmi;
+            backup_skip = x->skip;
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+            for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++i)
+              memcpy(x->blk_skip_drl[i], x->blk_skip[i],
+                     sizeof(uint8_t) * ctx->num_4x4_blk);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+            compmode_interintra_cost = tmp_compmode_interintra_cost;
+            compmode_interinter_cost = tmp_compmode_interinter_cost;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+          } else {
+            *mbmi = backup_mbmi;
+            x->skip = backup_skip;
+          }
+        }
+
+        frame_mv[NEARMV][ref_frame] = backup_mv;
+        frame_mv[NEWMV][ref_frame] = backup_fmv[0];
+        if (comp_pred) frame_mv[NEWMV][second_ref_frame] = backup_fmv[1];
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+        for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++i)
+          memcpy(x->blk_skip[i], x->blk_skip_drl[i],
+                 sizeof(uint8_t) * ctx->num_4x4_blk);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+      }
+      mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[ref_frame][0] = backup_ref_mv[0];
+      if (comp_pred) mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[second_ref_frame][0] = backup_ref_mv[1];
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+
+      if (this_rd == INT64_MAX) continue;
+
+#if SUB8X8_COMP_REF
+      compmode_cost = av1_cost_bit(comp_mode_p, comp_pred);
+#else
+      if (mbmi->sb_type >= BLOCK_8X8)
+        compmode_cost = av1_cost_bit(comp_mode_p, comp_pred);
+#endif  // SUB8X8_COMP_REF
+
+      if (cm->reference_mode == REFERENCE_MODE_SELECT) rate2 += compmode_cost;
+    }
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    rate2 += compmode_interintra_cost;
+    if (cm->reference_mode != SINGLE_REFERENCE && comp_pred)
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+      if (mbmi->motion_mode == SIMPLE_TRANSLATION)
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+        rate2 += compmode_interinter_cost;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+    // Estimate the reference frame signaling cost and add it
+    // to the rolling cost variable.
+    if (comp_pred) {
+      rate2 += ref_costs_comp[ref_frame];
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+      rate2 += ref_costs_comp[second_ref_frame];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+    } else {
+      rate2 += ref_costs_single[ref_frame];
+    }
+
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+    if (ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) {
+#else
+    if (!disable_skip) {
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+      if (skippable) {
+        // Back out the coefficient coding costs
+        rate2 -= (rate_y + rate_uv);
+        rate_y = 0;
+        rate_uv = 0;
+        // Cost the skip mb case
+        rate2 += av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1);
+      } else if (ref_frame != INTRA_FRAME && !xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id]) {
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+        if (RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate_y + rate_uv + rate_skip0,
+                   distortion2) <
+            RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate_skip1, total_sse)) {
+#else
+        if (RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate_y + rate_uv, distortion2) <
+            RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, 0, total_sse)) {
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+          // Add in the cost of the no skip flag.
+          rate2 += av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 0);
+        } else {
+          // FIXME(rbultje) make this work for splitmv also
+          rate2 += av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1);
+          distortion2 = total_sse;
+          assert(total_sse >= 0);
+          rate2 -= (rate_y + rate_uv);
+          this_skip2 = 1;
+          rate_y = 0;
+          rate_uv = 0;
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Add in the cost of the no skip flag.
+        rate2 += av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 0);
+      }
+
+      // Calculate the final RD estimate for this mode.
+      this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate2, distortion2);
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+    } else {
+      this_skip2 = mbmi->skip;
+      this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate2, distortion2);
+      if (this_skip2) {
+        rate_y = 0;
+        rate_uv = 0;
+      }
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+    }
+
+    if (ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) {
+      // Keep record of best intra rd
+      if (this_rd < best_intra_rd) {
+        best_intra_rd = this_rd;
+        best_intra_mode = mbmi->mode;
+      }
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    } else if (second_ref_frame == NONE_FRAME) {
+      if (this_rd < best_single_inter_rd) {
+        best_single_inter_rd = this_rd;
+        best_single_inter_ref = mbmi->ref_frame[0];
+      }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    }
+
+    if (!disable_skip && ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) {
+      for (i = 0; i < REFERENCE_MODES; ++i)
+        best_pred_rd[i] = AOMMIN(best_pred_rd[i], this_rd);
+    }
+
+    // Did this mode help.. i.e. is it the new best mode
+    if (this_rd < best_rd || x->skip) {
+      if (!mode_excluded) {
+        // Note index of best mode so far
+        best_mode_index = mode_index;
+
+        if (ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) {
+          /* required for left and above block mv */
+          mbmi->mv[0].as_int = 0;
+        } else {
+          best_pred_sse = x->pred_sse[ref_frame];
+        }
+
+        rd_cost->rate = rate2;
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+        if (x->skip)
+          *returnrate_nocoef = rate2;
+        else
+          *returnrate_nocoef = rate2 - rate_y - rate_uv;
+        *returnrate_nocoef -= av1_cost_bit(
+            av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), disable_skip || skippable || this_skip2);
+        *returnrate_nocoef -= av1_cost_bit(av1_get_intra_inter_prob(cm, xd),
+                                           mbmi->ref_frame[0] != INTRA_FRAME);
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR && CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+        MODE_INFO *const mi = xd->mi[0];
+        const MOTION_MODE motion_allowed = motion_mode_allowed(
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION && SEPARATE_GLOBAL_MOTION
+            0, xd->global_motion,
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION && SEPARATE_GLOBAL_MOTION
+            mi);
+        if (motion_allowed == WARPED_CAUSAL)
+          *returnrate_nocoef -= cpi->motion_mode_cost[bsize][mbmi->motion_mode];
+        else if (motion_allowed == OBMC_CAUSAL)
+          *returnrate_nocoef -=
+              cpi->motion_mode_cost1[bsize][mbmi->motion_mode];
+#else
+        *returnrate_nocoef -= cpi->motion_mode_cost[bsize][mbmi->motion_mode];
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR && CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+        rd_cost->dist = distortion2;
+        rd_cost->rdcost = this_rd;
+        best_rd = this_rd;
+        best_mbmode = *mbmi;
+        best_skip2 = this_skip2;
+        best_mode_skippable = skippable;
+        best_rate_y = rate_y + av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd),
+                                            this_skip2 || skippable);
+        best_rate_uv = rate_uv;
+
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+        for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++i)
+          memcpy(ctx->blk_skip[i], x->blk_skip[i],
+                 sizeof(uint8_t) * ctx->num_4x4_blk);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* keep record of best compound/single-only prediction */
+    if (!disable_skip && ref_frame != INTRA_FRAME) {
+      int64_t single_rd, hybrid_rd, single_rate, hybrid_rate;
+
+      if (cm->reference_mode == REFERENCE_MODE_SELECT) {
+        single_rate = rate2 - compmode_cost;
+        hybrid_rate = rate2;
+      } else {
+        single_rate = rate2;
+        hybrid_rate = rate2 + compmode_cost;
+      }
+
+      single_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, single_rate, distortion2);
+      hybrid_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, hybrid_rate, distortion2);
+
+      if (!comp_pred) {
+        if (single_rd < best_pred_rd[SINGLE_REFERENCE])
+          best_pred_rd[SINGLE_REFERENCE] = single_rd;
+      } else {
+        if (single_rd < best_pred_rd[COMPOUND_REFERENCE])
+          best_pred_rd[COMPOUND_REFERENCE] = single_rd;
+      }
+      if (hybrid_rd < best_pred_rd[REFERENCE_MODE_SELECT])
+        best_pred_rd[REFERENCE_MODE_SELECT] = hybrid_rd;
+    }
+
+    if (x->skip && !comp_pred) break;
+  }
+
+  if (xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id] == 0 && best_mode_index >= 0 &&
+      ((sf->tx_type_search.fast_inter_tx_type_search == 1 &&
+        is_inter_mode(best_mbmode.mode)) ||
+       (sf->tx_type_search.fast_intra_tx_type_search == 1 &&
+        !is_inter_mode(best_mbmode.mode)))) {
+    int skip_blk = 0;
+    RD_STATS rd_stats_y, rd_stats_uv;
+
+    x->use_default_inter_tx_type = 0;
+    x->use_default_intra_tx_type = 0;
+
+    *mbmi = best_mbmode;
+
+    set_ref_ptrs(cm, xd, mbmi->ref_frame[0], mbmi->ref_frame[1]);
+
+    // Select prediction reference frames.
+    for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++) {
+      xd->plane[i].pre[0] = yv12_mb[mbmi->ref_frame[0]][i];
+      if (has_second_ref(mbmi))
+        xd->plane[i].pre[1] = yv12_mb[mbmi->ref_frame[1]][i];
+    }
+
+    if (is_inter_mode(mbmi->mode)) {
+      av1_build_inter_predictors_sb(xd, mi_row, mi_col, NULL, bsize);
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+      if (mbmi->motion_mode == OBMC_CAUSAL) {
+        av1_build_obmc_inter_prediction(
+            cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col, args.above_pred_buf, args.above_pred_stride,
+            args.left_pred_buf, args.left_pred_stride);
+      }
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+      av1_subtract_plane(x, bsize, 0);
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+      if (cm->tx_mode == TX_MODE_SELECT || xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id]) {
+        select_tx_type_yrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats_y, bsize, INT64_MAX);
+      } else {
+        int idx, idy;
+        super_block_yrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats_y, bsize, INT64_MAX);
+        for (idy = 0; idy < xd->n8_h; ++idy)
+          for (idx = 0; idx < xd->n8_w; ++idx)
+            mbmi->inter_tx_size[idy][idx] = mbmi->tx_size;
+        memset(x->blk_skip[0], rd_stats_y.skip,
+               sizeof(uint8_t) * xd->n8_h * xd->n8_w * 4);
+      }
+
+      inter_block_uvrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats_uv, bsize, INT64_MAX);
+#else
+      super_block_yrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats_y, bsize, INT64_MAX);
+      super_block_uvrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats_uv, bsize, INT64_MAX);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+    } else {
+      super_block_yrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats_y, bsize, INT64_MAX);
+      super_block_uvrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats_uv, bsize, INT64_MAX);
+    }
+
+    if (RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rd_stats_y.rate + rd_stats_uv.rate,
+               (rd_stats_y.dist + rd_stats_uv.dist)) >
+        RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, 0, (rd_stats_y.sse + rd_stats_uv.sse))) {
+      skip_blk = 1;
+      rd_stats_y.rate = av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1);
+      rd_stats_uv.rate = 0;
+      rd_stats_y.dist = rd_stats_y.sse;
+      rd_stats_uv.dist = rd_stats_uv.sse;
+    } else {
+      skip_blk = 0;
+      rd_stats_y.rate += av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 0);
+    }
+
+    if (RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, best_rate_y + best_rate_uv, rd_cost->dist) >
+        RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rd_stats_y.rate + rd_stats_uv.rate,
+               (rd_stats_y.dist + rd_stats_uv.dist))) {
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+      int idx, idy;
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+      best_mbmode.tx_type = mbmi->tx_type;
+      best_mbmode.tx_size = mbmi->tx_size;
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+      for (idy = 0; idy < xd->n8_h; ++idy)
+        for (idx = 0; idx < xd->n8_w; ++idx)
+          best_mbmode.inter_tx_size[idy][idx] = mbmi->inter_tx_size[idy][idx];
+
+      for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++i)
+        memcpy(ctx->blk_skip[i], x->blk_skip[i],
+               sizeof(uint8_t) * ctx->num_4x4_blk);
+
+      best_mbmode.min_tx_size = mbmi->min_tx_size;
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+      rd_cost->rate +=
+          (rd_stats_y.rate + rd_stats_uv.rate - best_rate_y - best_rate_uv);
+      rd_cost->dist = rd_stats_y.dist + rd_stats_uv.dist;
+      rd_cost->rdcost =
+          RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rd_cost->rate, rd_cost->dist);
+      best_skip2 = skip_blk;
+    }
+  }
+
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  // Only try palette mode when the best mode so far is an intra mode.
+  if (try_palette && !is_inter_mode(best_mbmode.mode)) {
+    int rate2 = 0;
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+    int best_rate_nocoef;
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+    int64_t distortion2 = 0, best_rd_palette = best_rd, this_rd,
+            best_model_rd_palette = INT64_MAX;
+    int skippable = 0, rate_overhead_palette = 0;
+    RD_STATS rd_stats_y;
+    TX_SIZE uv_tx;
+    uint8_t *const best_palette_color_map =
+        x->palette_buffer->best_palette_color_map;
+    uint8_t *const color_map = xd->plane[0].color_index_map;
+    MB_MODE_INFO best_mbmi_palette = best_mbmode;
+
+    mbmi->mode = DC_PRED;
+    mbmi->uv_mode = DC_PRED;
+    mbmi->ref_frame[0] = INTRA_FRAME;
+    mbmi->ref_frame[1] = NONE_FRAME;
+    rate_overhead_palette = rd_pick_palette_intra_sby(
+        cpi, x, bsize, palette_ctx, intra_mode_cost[DC_PRED],
+        &best_mbmi_palette, best_palette_color_map, &best_rd_palette,
+        &best_model_rd_palette, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    if (pmi->palette_size[0] == 0) goto PALETTE_EXIT;
+    memcpy(color_map, best_palette_color_map,
+           rows * cols * sizeof(best_palette_color_map[0]));
+    super_block_yrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats_y, bsize, best_rd);
+    if (rd_stats_y.rate == INT_MAX) goto PALETTE_EXIT;
+    uv_tx = uv_txsize_lookup[bsize][mbmi->tx_size][xd->plane[1].subsampling_x]
+                            [xd->plane[1].subsampling_y];
+    if (rate_uv_intra[uv_tx] == INT_MAX) {
+      choose_intra_uv_mode(cpi, x, ctx, bsize, uv_tx, &rate_uv_intra[uv_tx],
+                           &rate_uv_tokenonly[uv_tx], &dist_uvs[uv_tx],
+                           &skip_uvs[uv_tx], &mode_uv[uv_tx]);
+      pmi_uv[uv_tx] = *pmi;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+      uv_angle_delta[uv_tx] = mbmi->angle_delta[1];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+      filter_intra_mode_info_uv[uv_tx] = mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info;
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+    }
+    mbmi->uv_mode = mode_uv[uv_tx];
+    pmi->palette_size[1] = pmi_uv[uv_tx].palette_size[1];
+    if (pmi->palette_size[1] > 0) {
+      memcpy(pmi->palette_colors + PALETTE_MAX_SIZE,
+             pmi_uv[uv_tx].palette_colors + PALETTE_MAX_SIZE,
+             2 * PALETTE_MAX_SIZE * sizeof(pmi->palette_colors[0]));
+    }
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+    mbmi->angle_delta[1] = uv_angle_delta[uv_tx];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+    mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[1] =
+        filter_intra_mode_info_uv[uv_tx].use_filter_intra_mode[1];
+    if (filter_intra_mode_info_uv[uv_tx].use_filter_intra_mode[1]) {
+      mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.filter_intra_mode[1] =
+          filter_intra_mode_info_uv[uv_tx].filter_intra_mode[1];
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+    skippable = rd_stats_y.skip && skip_uvs[uv_tx];
+    distortion2 = rd_stats_y.dist + dist_uvs[uv_tx];
+    rate2 = rd_stats_y.rate + rate_overhead_palette + rate_uv_intra[uv_tx];
+    rate2 += ref_costs_single[INTRA_FRAME];
+
+    if (skippable) {
+      rate2 -= (rd_stats_y.rate + rate_uv_tokenonly[uv_tx]);
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+      best_rate_nocoef = rate2;
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+      rate2 += av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1);
+    } else {
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+      best_rate_nocoef = rate2 - (rd_stats_y.rate + rate_uv_tokenonly[uv_tx]);
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+      rate2 += av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 0);
+    }
+    this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate2, distortion2);
+    if (this_rd < best_rd) {
+      best_mode_index = 3;
+      mbmi->mv[0].as_int = 0;
+      rd_cost->rate = rate2;
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+      *returnrate_nocoef = best_rate_nocoef;
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+      rd_cost->dist = distortion2;
+      rd_cost->rdcost = this_rd;
+      best_rd = this_rd;
+      best_mbmode = *mbmi;
+      best_skip2 = 0;
+      best_mode_skippable = skippable;
+    }
+  }
+PALETTE_EXIT:
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+  // TODO(huisu): filter-intra is turned off in lossless mode for now to
+  // avoid a unit test failure
+  if (!xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id] &&
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+      pmi->palette_size[0] == 0 &&
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+      !dc_skipped && best_mode_index >= 0 &&
+      best_intra_rd < (best_rd + (best_rd >> 3))) {
+    pick_filter_intra_interframe(
+        cpi, x, ctx, bsize, mi_row, mi_col, rate_uv_intra, rate_uv_tokenonly,
+        dist_uvs, skip_uvs, mode_uv, filter_intra_mode_info_uv,
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+        uv_angle_delta,
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+        pmi_uv, palette_ctx,
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+        0, ref_costs_single, &best_rd, &best_intra_rd, &best_intra_mode,
+        &best_mode_index, &best_skip2, &best_mode_skippable,
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+        returnrate_nocoef,
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+        best_pred_rd, &best_mbmode, rd_cost);
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+
+  // The inter modes' rate costs are not calculated precisely in some cases.
+  // Therefore, sometimes, NEWMV is chosen instead of NEARESTMV, NEARMV, and
+  // ZEROMV. Here, checks are added for those cases, and the mode decisions
+  // are corrected.
+  if (best_mbmode.mode == NEWMV
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      || best_mbmode.mode == NEW_NEWMV
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      ) {
+    const MV_REFERENCE_FRAME refs[2] = { best_mbmode.ref_frame[0],
+                                         best_mbmode.ref_frame[1] };
+    int comp_pred_mode = refs[1] > INTRA_FRAME;
+    int_mv zeromv[2];
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+    const uint8_t rf_type = av1_ref_frame_type(best_mbmode.ref_frame);
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+    zeromv[0].as_int = gm_get_motion_vector(&cm->global_motion[refs[0]],
+                                            cm->allow_high_precision_mv, bsize,
+                                            mi_col, mi_row, 0)
+                           .as_int;
+    zeromv[1].as_int = comp_pred_mode
+                           ? gm_get_motion_vector(&cm->global_motion[refs[1]],
+                                                  cm->allow_high_precision_mv,
+                                                  bsize, mi_col, mi_row, 0)
+                                 .as_int
+                           : 0;
+#else
+    zeromv[0].as_int = 0;
+    zeromv[1].as_int = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+    if (!comp_pred_mode) {
+      int ref_set = (mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[rf_type] >= 2)
+                        ? AOMMIN(2, mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[rf_type] - 2)
+                        : INT_MAX;
+
+      for (i = 0; i <= ref_set && ref_set != INT_MAX; ++i) {
+        int_mv cur_mv = mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[rf_type][i + 1].this_mv;
+        if (cur_mv.as_int == best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int) {
+          best_mbmode.mode = NEARMV;
+          best_mbmode.ref_mv_idx = i;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (frame_mv[NEARESTMV][refs[0]].as_int == best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int)
+        best_mbmode.mode = NEARESTMV;
+      else if (best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int == zeromv[0].as_int)
+        best_mbmode.mode = ZEROMV;
+    } else {
+      int_mv nearestmv[2];
+      int_mv nearmv[2];
+
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      if (mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[rf_type] > 1) {
+        nearmv[0] = mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[rf_type][1].this_mv;
+        nearmv[1] = mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[rf_type][1].comp_mv;
+      } else {
+        nearmv[0] = frame_mv[NEARMV][refs[0]];
+        nearmv[1] = frame_mv[NEARMV][refs[1]];
+      }
+#else
+      int ref_set = (mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[rf_type] >= 2)
+                        ? AOMMIN(2, mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[rf_type] - 2)
+                        : INT_MAX;
+
+      for (i = 0; i <= ref_set && ref_set != INT_MAX; ++i) {
+        nearmv[0] = mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[rf_type][i + 1].this_mv;
+        nearmv[1] = mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[rf_type][i + 1].comp_mv;
+
+        if (nearmv[0].as_int == best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int &&
+            nearmv[1].as_int == best_mbmode.mv[1].as_int) {
+          best_mbmode.mode = NEARMV;
+          best_mbmode.ref_mv_idx = i;
+        }
+      }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      if (mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[rf_type] >= 1) {
+        nearestmv[0] = mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[rf_type][0].this_mv;
+        nearestmv[1] = mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[rf_type][0].comp_mv;
+      } else {
+        nearestmv[0] = frame_mv[NEARESTMV][refs[0]];
+        nearestmv[1] = frame_mv[NEARESTMV][refs[1]];
+      }
+
+      if (nearestmv[0].as_int == best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int &&
+          nearestmv[1].as_int == best_mbmode.mv[1].as_int) {
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+        best_mbmode.mode = NEAREST_NEARESTMV;
+      } else {
+        int ref_set = (mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[rf_type] >= 2)
+                          ? AOMMIN(2, mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[rf_type] - 2)
+                          : INT_MAX;
+
+        for (i = 0; i <= ref_set && ref_set != INT_MAX; ++i) {
+          nearmv[0] = mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[rf_type][i + 1].this_mv;
+          nearmv[1] = mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[rf_type][i + 1].comp_mv;
+
+          // Try switching to the NEAR_NEAREST type modes first
+          if (nearestmv[0].as_int == best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int &&
+              nearmv[1].as_int == best_mbmode.mv[1].as_int) {
+            best_mbmode.mode = NEAREST_NEARMV;
+            best_mbmode.ref_mv_idx = i;
+          } else if (nearmv[0].as_int == best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int &&
+                     nearestmv[1].as_int == best_mbmode.mv[1].as_int) {
+            best_mbmode.mode = NEAR_NEARESTMV;
+            best_mbmode.ref_mv_idx = i;
+          } else if (nearmv[0].as_int == best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int &&
+                     nearmv[1].as_int == best_mbmode.mv[1].as_int) {
+            best_mbmode.mode = NEAR_NEARMV;
+            best_mbmode.ref_mv_idx = i;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (best_mbmode.mode == NEW_NEWMV &&
+            best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int == zeromv[0].as_int &&
+            best_mbmode.mv[1].as_int == zeromv[1].as_int)
+          best_mbmode.mode = ZERO_ZEROMV;
+      }
+#else
+        best_mbmode.mode = NEARESTMV;
+      } else if (best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int == zeromv[0].as_int &&
+                 best_mbmode.mv[1].as_int == zeromv[1].as_int) {
+        best_mbmode.mode = ZEROMV;
+      }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    }
+#else
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    if (!comp_pred_mode) {
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      if (frame_mv[NEARESTMV][refs[0]].as_int == best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int &&
+          ((comp_pred_mode &&
+            frame_mv[NEARESTMV][refs[1]].as_int == best_mbmode.mv[1].as_int) ||
+           !comp_pred_mode))
+        best_mbmode.mode = NEARESTMV;
+      else if (frame_mv[NEARMV][refs[0]].as_int == best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int &&
+               ((comp_pred_mode &&
+                 frame_mv[NEARMV][refs[1]].as_int ==
+                     best_mbmode.mv[1].as_int) ||
+                !comp_pred_mode))
+        best_mbmode.mode = NEARMV;
+      else if (best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int == zeromv[0].as_int &&
+               ((comp_pred_mode &&
+                 best_mbmode.mv[1].as_int == zeromv[1].as_int) ||
+                !comp_pred_mode))
+        best_mbmode.mode = ZEROMV;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    } else {
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+      zeromv[0].as_int = gm_get_motion_vector(&cm->global_motion[refs[0]],
+                                              cm->allow_high_precision_mv,
+                                              bsize, mi_col, mi_row, 0)
+                             .as_int;
+      zeromv[1].as_int = comp_pred_mode
+                             ? gm_get_motion_vector(&cm->global_motion[refs[1]],
+                                                    cm->allow_high_precision_mv,
+                                                    bsize, mi_col, mi_row, 0)
+                                   .as_int
+                             : 0;
+#else
+      zeromv[0].as_int = 0;
+      zeromv[1].as_int = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+      if (frame_mv[NEAREST_NEARESTMV][refs[0]].as_int ==
+              best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int &&
+          frame_mv[NEAREST_NEARESTMV][refs[1]].as_int ==
+              best_mbmode.mv[1].as_int)
+        best_mbmode.mode = NEAREST_NEARESTMV;
+      else if (frame_mv[NEAREST_NEARMV][refs[0]].as_int ==
+                   best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int &&
+               frame_mv[NEAREST_NEARMV][refs[1]].as_int ==
+                   best_mbmode.mv[1].as_int)
+        best_mbmode.mode = NEAREST_NEARMV;
+      else if (frame_mv[NEAR_NEARESTMV][refs[0]].as_int ==
+                   best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int &&
+               frame_mv[NEAR_NEARESTMV][refs[1]].as_int ==
+                   best_mbmode.mv[1].as_int)
+        best_mbmode.mode = NEAR_NEARESTMV;
+      else if (frame_mv[NEAR_NEARMV][refs[0]].as_int ==
+                   best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int &&
+               frame_mv[NEAR_NEARMV][refs[1]].as_int ==
+                   best_mbmode.mv[1].as_int)
+        best_mbmode.mode = NEAR_NEARMV;
+      else if (best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int == zeromv[0].as_int &&
+               best_mbmode.mv[1].as_int == zeromv[1].as_int)
+        best_mbmode.mode = ZERO_ZEROMV;
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+  }
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+  // Make sure that the ref_mv_idx is only nonzero when we're
+  // using a mode which can support ref_mv_idx
+  if (best_mbmode.ref_mv_idx != 0 &&
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      !(best_mbmode.mode == NEWMV || best_mbmode.mode == NEW_NEWMV ||
+        have_nearmv_in_inter_mode(best_mbmode.mode))) {
+#else
+      !(best_mbmode.mode == NEARMV || best_mbmode.mode == NEWMV)) {
+#endif
+    best_mbmode.ref_mv_idx = 0;
+  }
+
+  {
+    int8_t ref_frame_type = av1_ref_frame_type(best_mbmode.ref_frame);
+    int16_t mode_ctx = mbmi_ext->mode_context[ref_frame_type];
+    if (mode_ctx & (1 << ALL_ZERO_FLAG_OFFSET)) {
+      int_mv zeromv[2];
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+      const MV_REFERENCE_FRAME refs[2] = { best_mbmode.ref_frame[0],
+                                           best_mbmode.ref_frame[1] };
+      zeromv[0].as_int = gm_get_motion_vector(&cm->global_motion[refs[0]],
+                                              cm->allow_high_precision_mv,
+                                              bsize, mi_col, mi_row, 0)
+                             .as_int;
+      zeromv[1].as_int = (refs[1] != NONE_FRAME)
+                             ? gm_get_motion_vector(&cm->global_motion[refs[1]],
+                                                    cm->allow_high_precision_mv,
+                                                    bsize, mi_col, mi_row, 0)
+                                   .as_int
+                             : 0;
+      lower_mv_precision(&zeromv[0].as_mv, cm->allow_high_precision_mv);
+      lower_mv_precision(&zeromv[1].as_mv, cm->allow_high_precision_mv);
+#else
+      zeromv[0].as_int = zeromv[1].as_int = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+      if (best_mbmode.ref_frame[0] > INTRA_FRAME &&
+          best_mbmode.mv[0].as_int == zeromv[0].as_int &&
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+          (best_mbmode.ref_frame[1] <= INTRA_FRAME)
+#else
+          (best_mbmode.ref_frame[1] == NONE_FRAME ||
+           best_mbmode.mv[1].as_int == zeromv[1].as_int)
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+              ) {
+        best_mbmode.mode = ZEROMV;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+
+  if (best_mode_index < 0 || best_rd >= best_rd_so_far) {
+    rd_cost->rate = INT_MAX;
+    rd_cost->rdcost = INT64_MAX;
+    return;
+  }
+
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+  assert((cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE) ||
+         (cm->interp_filter == best_mbmode.interp_filter[0]) ||
+         !is_inter_block(&best_mbmode));
+  assert((cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE) ||
+         (cm->interp_filter == best_mbmode.interp_filter[1]) ||
+         !is_inter_block(&best_mbmode));
+  if (best_mbmode.ref_frame[1] > INTRA_FRAME) {
+    assert((cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE) ||
+           (cm->interp_filter == best_mbmode.interp_filter[2]) ||
+           !is_inter_block(&best_mbmode));
+    assert((cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE) ||
+           (cm->interp_filter == best_mbmode.interp_filter[3]) ||
+           !is_inter_block(&best_mbmode));
+  }
+#else
+  assert((cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE) ||
+         (cm->interp_filter == best_mbmode.interp_filter) ||
+         !is_inter_block(&best_mbmode));
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+
+  if (!cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref)
+    av1_update_rd_thresh_fact(cm, tile_data->thresh_freq_fact,
+                              sf->adaptive_rd_thresh, bsize, best_mode_index);
+
+  // macroblock modes
+  *mbmi = best_mbmode;
+  x->skip |= best_skip2;
+
+// Note: this section is needed since the mode may have been forced to
+// ZEROMV by the all-zero mode handling of ref-mv.
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+  if (mbmi->mode == ZEROMV
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      || mbmi->mode == ZERO_ZEROMV
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      ) {
+#if CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION || CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+    // Correct the motion mode for ZEROMV
+    const MOTION_MODE last_motion_mode_allowed = motion_mode_allowed(
+#if SEPARATE_GLOBAL_MOTION
+        0, xd->global_motion,
+#endif  // SEPARATE_GLOBAL_MOTION
+        xd->mi[0]);
+    if (mbmi->motion_mode > last_motion_mode_allowed)
+      mbmi->motion_mode = last_motion_mode_allowed;
+#endif  // CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION || CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+
+    // Correct the interpolation filter for ZEROMV
+    if (is_nontrans_global_motion(xd)) {
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+      mbmi->interp_filter[0] = cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE
+                                   ? EIGHTTAP_REGULAR
+                                   : cm->interp_filter;
+      mbmi->interp_filter[1] = cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE
+                                   ? EIGHTTAP_REGULAR
+                                   : cm->interp_filter;
+#else
+      mbmi->interp_filter = cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE ? EIGHTTAP_REGULAR
+                                                            : cm->interp_filter;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+    }
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+  for (i = 0; i < 1 + has_second_ref(mbmi); ++i) {
+    if (mbmi->mode != NEWMV)
+      mbmi->pred_mv[i].as_int = mbmi->mv[i].as_int;
+    else
+      mbmi->pred_mv[i].as_int = mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[mbmi->ref_frame[i]][0].as_int;
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+
+  for (i = 0; i < REFERENCE_MODES; ++i) {
+    if (best_pred_rd[i] == INT64_MAX)
+      best_pred_diff[i] = INT_MIN;
+    else
+      best_pred_diff[i] = best_rd - best_pred_rd[i];
+  }
+
+  x->skip |= best_mode_skippable;
+
+  assert(best_mode_index >= 0);
+
+  store_coding_context(x, ctx, best_mode_index, best_pred_diff,
+                       best_mode_skippable);
+
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  if (cm->allow_screen_content_tools && pmi->palette_size[1] > 0) {
+    restore_uv_color_map(cpi, x);
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+}
+
+void av1_rd_pick_inter_mode_sb_seg_skip(const AV1_COMP *cpi,
+                                        TileDataEnc *tile_data, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                        int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                                        RD_STATS *rd_cost, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                                        PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx,
+                                        int64_t best_rd_so_far) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  unsigned char segment_id = mbmi->segment_id;
+  const int comp_pred = 0;
+  int i;
+  int64_t best_pred_diff[REFERENCE_MODES];
+  unsigned int ref_costs_single[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME];
+  unsigned int ref_costs_comp[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME];
+  aom_prob comp_mode_p;
+  InterpFilter best_filter = SWITCHABLE;
+  int64_t this_rd = INT64_MAX;
+  int rate2 = 0;
+  const int64_t distortion2 = 0;
+  (void)mi_row;
+  (void)mi_col;
+
+  estimate_ref_frame_costs(cm, xd, segment_id, ref_costs_single, ref_costs_comp,
+                           &comp_mode_p);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME; ++i) x->pred_sse[i] = INT_MAX;
+  for (i = LAST_FRAME; i < TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME; ++i)
+    x->pred_mv_sad[i] = INT_MAX;
+
+  rd_cost->rate = INT_MAX;
+
+  assert(segfeature_active(&cm->seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_SKIP));
+
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  mbmi->palette_mode_info.palette_size[0] = 0;
+  mbmi->palette_mode_info.palette_size[1] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+  mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[0] = 0;
+  mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[1] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+  mbmi->mode = ZEROMV;
+  mbmi->motion_mode = SIMPLE_TRANSLATION;
+  mbmi->uv_mode = DC_PRED;
+  mbmi->ref_frame[0] = LAST_FRAME;
+  mbmi->ref_frame[1] = NONE_FRAME;
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+  mbmi->mv[0].as_int =
+      gm_get_motion_vector(&cm->global_motion[mbmi->ref_frame[0]],
+                           cm->allow_high_precision_mv, bsize, mi_col, mi_row,
+                           0)
+          .as_int;
+#else   // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+  mbmi->mv[0].as_int = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+  mbmi->tx_size = max_txsize_lookup[bsize];
+  x->skip = 1;
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+  mbmi->ref_mv_idx = 0;
+  mbmi->pred_mv[0].as_int = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+
+  mbmi->motion_mode = SIMPLE_TRANSLATION;
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+  av1_count_overlappable_neighbors(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col);
+#endif
+#if CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+  if (is_motion_variation_allowed_bsize(bsize) && !has_second_ref(mbmi)) {
+    int pts[SAMPLES_ARRAY_SIZE], pts_inref[SAMPLES_ARRAY_SIZE];
+    mbmi->num_proj_ref[0] = findSamples(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col, pts, pts_inref);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  set_default_interp_filters(mbmi, cm->interp_filter);
+
+  if (cm->interp_filter != SWITCHABLE) {
+    best_filter = cm->interp_filter;
+  } else {
+    best_filter = EIGHTTAP_REGULAR;
+    if (av1_is_interp_needed(xd) && av1_is_interp_search_needed(xd) &&
+        x->source_variance >= cpi->sf.disable_filter_search_var_thresh) {
+      int rs;
+      int best_rs = INT_MAX;
+      for (i = 0; i < SWITCHABLE_FILTERS; ++i) {
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+        int k;
+        for (k = 0; k < 4; ++k) mbmi->interp_filter[k] = i;
+#else
+        mbmi->interp_filter = i;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+        rs = av1_get_switchable_rate(cpi, xd);
+        if (rs < best_rs) {
+          best_rs = rs;
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+          best_filter = mbmi->interp_filter[0];
+#else
+          best_filter = mbmi->interp_filter;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+// Set the appropriate filter
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+  for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) mbmi->interp_filter[i] = best_filter;
+#else
+  mbmi->interp_filter = best_filter;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+  rate2 += av1_get_switchable_rate(cpi, xd);
+
+  if (cm->reference_mode == REFERENCE_MODE_SELECT)
+    rate2 += av1_cost_bit(comp_mode_p, comp_pred);
+
+  // Estimate the reference frame signaling cost and add it
+  // to the rolling cost variable.
+  rate2 += ref_costs_single[LAST_FRAME];
+  this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate2, distortion2);
+
+  rd_cost->rate = rate2;
+  rd_cost->dist = distortion2;
+  rd_cost->rdcost = this_rd;
+
+  if (this_rd >= best_rd_so_far) {
+    rd_cost->rate = INT_MAX;
+    rd_cost->rdcost = INT64_MAX;
+    return;
+  }
+
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+  assert((cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE) ||
+         (cm->interp_filter == mbmi->interp_filter[0]));
+#else
+  assert((cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE) ||
+         (cm->interp_filter == mbmi->interp_filter));
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+
+  av1_update_rd_thresh_fact(cm, tile_data->thresh_freq_fact,
+                            cpi->sf.adaptive_rd_thresh, bsize, THR_ZEROMV);
+
+  av1_zero(best_pred_diff);
+
+  store_coding_context(x, ctx, THR_ZEROMV, best_pred_diff, 0);
+}
+
+void av1_rd_pick_inter_mode_sub8x8(const struct AV1_COMP *cpi,
+                                   TileDataEnc *tile_data, struct macroblock *x,
+                                   int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                                   struct RD_STATS *rd_cost,
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+                                   int *returnrate_nocoef,
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+                                   BLOCK_SIZE bsize, PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx,
+                                   int64_t best_rd_so_far) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  const RD_OPT *const rd_opt = &cpi->rd;
+  const SPEED_FEATURES *const sf = &cpi->sf;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  const struct segmentation *const seg = &cm->seg;
+  MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame, second_ref_frame;
+  unsigned char segment_id = mbmi->segment_id;
+  int comp_pred, i;
+  int_mv frame_mv[MB_MODE_COUNT][TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME];
+  struct buf_2d yv12_mb[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME][MAX_MB_PLANE];
+  static const int flag_list[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME] = {
+    0,
+    AOM_LAST_FLAG,
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+    AOM_LAST2_FLAG,
+    AOM_LAST3_FLAG,
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+    AOM_GOLD_FLAG,
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+    AOM_BWD_FLAG,
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+    AOM_ALT_FLAG
+  };
+  int64_t best_rd = best_rd_so_far;
+  int64_t best_yrd = best_rd_so_far;  // FIXME(rbultje) more precise
+  int64_t best_pred_diff[REFERENCE_MODES];
+  int64_t best_pred_rd[REFERENCE_MODES];
+  MB_MODE_INFO best_mbmode;
+  int ref_index, best_ref_index = 0;
+  unsigned int ref_costs_single[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME];
+  unsigned int ref_costs_comp[TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME];
+  aom_prob comp_mode_p;
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+  InterpFilter tmp_best_filter[4] = { 0 };
+#else
+  InterpFilter tmp_best_filter = SWITCHABLE;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+  int rate_uv_intra, rate_uv_tokenonly = INT_MAX;
+  int64_t dist_uv = INT64_MAX;
+  int skip_uv;
+  PREDICTION_MODE mode_uv = DC_PRED;
+  const int intra_cost_penalty = av1_get_intra_cost_penalty(
+      cm->base_qindex, cm->y_dc_delta_q, cm->bit_depth);
+  int_mv seg_mvs[4][TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME];
+  b_mode_info best_bmodes[4];
+  int best_skip2 = 0;
+  int ref_frame_skip_mask[2] = { 0 };
+  int internal_active_edge =
+      av1_active_edge_sb(cpi, mi_row, mi_col) && av1_internal_image_edge(cpi);
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+  od_rollback_buffer pre_buf;
+
+  od_encode_checkpoint(&x->daala_enc, &pre_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+  best_rd_so_far = INT64_MAX;
+  best_rd = best_rd_so_far;
+  best_yrd = best_rd_so_far;
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+  av1_zero(best_mbmode);
+
+#if CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+  mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[0] = 0;
+  mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra_mode[1] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA
+  mbmi->motion_mode = SIMPLE_TRANSLATION;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+  mbmi->interinter_compound_type = COMPOUND_AVERAGE;
+  mbmi->use_wedge_interintra = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#if CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+  mbmi->num_proj_ref[0] = 0;
+  mbmi->num_proj_ref[1] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    int j;
+    for (j = 0; j < TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME; j++)
+      seg_mvs[i][j].as_int = INVALID_MV;
+  }
+
+  estimate_ref_frame_costs(cm, xd, segment_id, ref_costs_single, ref_costs_comp,
+                           &comp_mode_p);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < REFERENCE_MODES; ++i) best_pred_rd[i] = INT64_MAX;
+  rate_uv_intra = INT_MAX;
+
+  rd_cost->rate = INT_MAX;
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+  *returnrate_nocoef = INT_MAX;
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+
+  for (ref_frame = LAST_FRAME; ref_frame <= ALTREF_FRAME; ref_frame++) {
+    x->mbmi_ext->mode_context[ref_frame] = 0;
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV && CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    x->mbmi_ext->compound_mode_context[ref_frame] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV && CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    if (cpi->ref_frame_flags & flag_list[ref_frame]) {
+      setup_buffer_inter(cpi, x, ref_frame, bsize, mi_row, mi_col,
+                         frame_mv[NEARESTMV], frame_mv[NEARMV], yv12_mb);
+    } else {
+      ref_frame_skip_mask[0] |= (1 << ref_frame);
+      ref_frame_skip_mask[1] |= SECOND_REF_FRAME_MASK;
+    }
+    frame_mv[NEWMV][ref_frame].as_int = INVALID_MV;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+    frame_mv[ZEROMV][ref_frame].as_int = 0;
+  }
+
+#if CONFIG_PALETTE
+  mbmi->palette_mode_info.palette_size[0] = 0;
+  mbmi->palette_mode_info.palette_size[1] = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
+
+  for (ref_index = 0; ref_index < MAX_REFS; ++ref_index) {
+    int mode_excluded = 0;
+    int64_t this_rd = INT64_MAX;
+    int disable_skip = 0;
+    int compmode_cost = 0;
+    int rate2 = 0, rate_y = 0, rate_uv = 0;
+    int64_t distortion2 = 0, distortion_y = 0, distortion_uv = 0;
+    int skippable = 0;
+    int this_skip2 = 0;
+    int64_t total_sse = INT_MAX;
+
+#if CONFIG_PVQ
+    od_encode_rollback(&x->daala_enc, &pre_buf);
+#endif  // CONFIG_PVQ
+
+    ref_frame = av1_ref_order[ref_index].ref_frame[0];
+    second_ref_frame = av1_ref_order[ref_index].ref_frame[1];
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+    mbmi->ref_mv_idx = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+
+    // Look at the reference frame of the best mode so far and set the
+    // skip mask to look at a subset of the remaining modes.
+    if (ref_index > 2 && sf->mode_skip_start < MAX_MODES) {
+      if (ref_index == 3) {
+        switch (best_mbmode.ref_frame[0]) {
+          case INTRA_FRAME: break;
+          case LAST_FRAME:
+            ref_frame_skip_mask[0] |= (1 << GOLDEN_FRAME) |
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+                                      (1 << LAST2_FRAME) | (1 << LAST3_FRAME) |
+                                      (1 << BWDREF_FRAME) |
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+                                      (1 << ALTREF_FRAME);
+            ref_frame_skip_mask[1] |= SECOND_REF_FRAME_MASK;
+            break;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+          case LAST2_FRAME:
+            ref_frame_skip_mask[0] |= (1 << LAST_FRAME) | (1 << LAST3_FRAME) |
+                                      (1 << GOLDEN_FRAME) |
+                                      (1 << BWDREF_FRAME) | (1 << ALTREF_FRAME);
+            ref_frame_skip_mask[1] |= SECOND_REF_FRAME_MASK;
+            break;
+          case LAST3_FRAME:
+            ref_frame_skip_mask[0] |= (1 << LAST_FRAME) | (1 << LAST2_FRAME) |
+                                      (1 << GOLDEN_FRAME) |
+                                      (1 << BWDREF_FRAME) | (1 << ALTREF_FRAME);
+            ref_frame_skip_mask[1] |= SECOND_REF_FRAME_MASK;
+            break;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+          case GOLDEN_FRAME:
+            ref_frame_skip_mask[0] |= (1 << LAST_FRAME) |
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+                                      (1 << LAST2_FRAME) | (1 << LAST3_FRAME) |
+                                      (1 << BWDREF_FRAME) |
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+                                      (1 << ALTREF_FRAME);
+            ref_frame_skip_mask[1] |= SECOND_REF_FRAME_MASK;
+            break;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+          case BWDREF_FRAME:
+            ref_frame_skip_mask[0] |= (1 << LAST_FRAME) | (1 << LAST2_FRAME) |
+                                      (1 << LAST3_FRAME) | (1 << GOLDEN_FRAME) |
+                                      (1 << ALTREF_FRAME);
+            ref_frame_skip_mask[1] |= (1 << ALTREF_FRAME) | 0x01;
+            break;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+          case ALTREF_FRAME:
+            ref_frame_skip_mask[0] |= (1 << LAST_FRAME) |
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+                                      (1 << LAST2_FRAME) | (1 << LAST3_FRAME) |
+                                      (1 << BWDREF_FRAME) |
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+                                      (1 << GOLDEN_FRAME);
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+            ref_frame_skip_mask[1] |= (1 << BWDREF_FRAME) | 0x01;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+            break;
+          case NONE_FRAME:
+          case TOTAL_REFS_PER_FRAME:
+            assert(0 && "Invalid Reference frame");
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if ((ref_frame_skip_mask[0] & (1 << ref_frame)) &&
+        (ref_frame_skip_mask[1] & (1 << AOMMAX(0, second_ref_frame))))
+      continue;
+
+    // Test best rd so far against threshold for trying this mode.
+    if (!internal_active_edge &&
+        rd_less_than_thresh(best_rd,
+                            rd_opt->threshes[segment_id][bsize][ref_index],
+                            tile_data->thresh_freq_fact[bsize][ref_index]))
+      continue;
+
+    // This is only used in motion vector unit test.
+    if (cpi->oxcf.motion_vector_unit_test && ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) continue;
+
+#if CONFIG_LOWDELAY_COMPOUND  // Changes LL bitstream
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+    if (cpi->oxcf.pass == 0) {
+      // Complexity-compression trade-offs
+      // if (ref_frame == ALTREF_FRAME) continue;
+      // if (ref_frame == BWDREF_FRAME) continue;
+      if (second_ref_frame == ALTREF_FRAME) continue;
+      // if (second_ref_frame == BWDREF_FRAME) continue;
+    }
+#endif
+#endif
+    comp_pred = second_ref_frame > INTRA_FRAME;
+    if (comp_pred) {
+      if (!cpi->allow_comp_inter_inter) continue;
+      if (!(cpi->ref_frame_flags & flag_list[second_ref_frame])) continue;
+      // Do not allow compound prediction if the segment level reference frame
+      // feature is in use as in this case there can only be one reference.
+      if (segfeature_active(seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME)) continue;
+
+      if ((sf->mode_search_skip_flags & FLAG_SKIP_COMP_BESTINTRA) &&
+          best_mbmode.ref_frame[0] == INTRA_FRAME)
+        continue;
+    }
+
+    // TODO(jingning, jkoleszar): scaling reference frame not supported for
+    // sub8x8 blocks.
+    if (ref_frame > INTRA_FRAME &&
+        av1_is_scaled(&cm->frame_refs[ref_frame - 1].sf))
+      continue;
+
+    if (second_ref_frame > INTRA_FRAME &&
+        av1_is_scaled(&cm->frame_refs[second_ref_frame - 1].sf))
+      continue;
+
+    if (comp_pred)
+      mode_excluded = cm->reference_mode == SINGLE_REFERENCE;
+    else if (ref_frame != INTRA_FRAME)
+      mode_excluded = cm->reference_mode == COMPOUND_REFERENCE;
+
+    // If the segment reference frame feature is enabled....
+    // then do nothing if the current ref frame is not allowed..
+    if (segfeature_active(seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME) &&
+        get_segdata(seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME) != (int)ref_frame) {
+      continue;
+      // Disable this drop out case if the ref frame
+      // segment level feature is enabled for this segment. This is to
+      // prevent the possibility that we end up unable to pick any mode.
+    } else if (!segfeature_active(seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME)) {
+      // Only consider ZEROMV/ALTREF_FRAME for alt ref frame,
+      // unless ARNR filtering is enabled in which case we want
+      // an unfiltered alternative. We allow near/nearest as well
+      // because they may result in zero-zero MVs but be cheaper.
+      if (cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref && (cpi->oxcf.arnr_max_frames == 0))
+        continue;
+    }
+
+    mbmi->tx_size = TX_4X4;
+    mbmi->uv_mode = DC_PRED;
+    mbmi->ref_frame[0] = ref_frame;
+    mbmi->ref_frame[1] = second_ref_frame;
+// Evaluate all sub-pel filters irrespective of whether we can use
+// them for this frame.
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
+      mbmi->interp_filter[i] = cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE
+                                   ? EIGHTTAP_REGULAR
+                                   : cm->interp_filter;
+#else
+    mbmi->interp_filter =
+        cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE ? EIGHTTAP_REGULAR : cm->interp_filter;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+    x->skip = 0;
+    set_ref_ptrs(cm, xd, ref_frame, second_ref_frame);
+
+    // Select prediction reference frames.
+    for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++) {
+      xd->plane[i].pre[0] = yv12_mb[ref_frame][i];
+      if (comp_pred) xd->plane[i].pre[1] = yv12_mb[second_ref_frame][i];
+    }
+
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+    mbmi->inter_tx_size[0][0] = mbmi->tx_size;
+    mbmi->min_tx_size = get_min_tx_size(mbmi->tx_size);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+
+    if (ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) {
+      int rate;
+      if (rd_pick_intra_sub_8x8_y_mode(cpi, x, &rate, &rate_y, &distortion_y,
+                                       NULL, best_rd) >= best_rd)
+        continue;
+      rate2 += rate;
+      rate2 += intra_cost_penalty;
+      distortion2 += distortion_y;
+
+      if (rate_uv_intra == INT_MAX) {
+        choose_intra_uv_mode(cpi, x, ctx, bsize, TX_4X4, &rate_uv_intra,
+                             &rate_uv_tokenonly, &dist_uv, &skip_uv, &mode_uv);
+      }
+      rate2 += rate_uv_intra;
+      rate_uv = rate_uv_tokenonly;
+      distortion2 += dist_uv;
+      distortion_uv = dist_uv;
+      mbmi->uv_mode = mode_uv;
+    } else {
+      int rate;
+      int64_t distortion;
+      int64_t this_rd_thresh;
+      int64_t tmp_rd, tmp_best_rd = INT64_MAX, tmp_best_rdu = INT64_MAX;
+      int tmp_best_rate = INT_MAX, tmp_best_ratey = INT_MAX;
+      int64_t tmp_best_distortion = INT_MAX, tmp_best_sse, uv_sse;
+      int tmp_best_skippable = 0;
+      int switchable_filter_index;
+      int_mv *second_ref =
+          comp_pred ? &x->mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[second_ref_frame][0] : NULL;
+      b_mode_info tmp_best_bmodes[16];  // Should this be 4 ?
+      MB_MODE_INFO tmp_best_mbmode;
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+      BEST_SEG_INFO bsi[DUAL_FILTER_SET_SIZE];
+#else
+      BEST_SEG_INFO bsi[SWITCHABLE_FILTERS];
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+      int pred_exists = 0;
+      int uv_skippable;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      int_mv compound_seg_newmvs[4][2];
+      for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        compound_seg_newmvs[i][0].as_int = INVALID_MV;
+        compound_seg_newmvs[i][1].as_int = INVALID_MV;
+      }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+
+      this_rd_thresh = (ref_frame == LAST_FRAME)
+                           ? rd_opt->threshes[segment_id][bsize][THR_LAST]
+                           : rd_opt->threshes[segment_id][bsize][THR_ALTR];
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+      this_rd_thresh = (ref_frame == LAST2_FRAME)
+                           ? rd_opt->threshes[segment_id][bsize][THR_LAST2]
+                           : this_rd_thresh;
+      this_rd_thresh = (ref_frame == LAST3_FRAME)
+                           ? rd_opt->threshes[segment_id][bsize][THR_LAST3]
+                           : this_rd_thresh;
+      this_rd_thresh = (ref_frame == BWDREF_FRAME)
+                           ? rd_opt->threshes[segment_id][bsize][THR_BWDR]
+                           : this_rd_thresh;
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+      this_rd_thresh = (ref_frame == GOLDEN_FRAME)
+                           ? rd_opt->threshes[segment_id][bsize][THR_GOLD]
+                           : this_rd_thresh;
+
+      // TODO(any): Add search of the tx_type to improve rd performance at the
+      // expense of speed.
+      mbmi->tx_type = DCT_DCT;
+
+      if (cm->interp_filter != BILINEAR) {
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+        tmp_best_filter[0] = EIGHTTAP_REGULAR;
+        tmp_best_filter[1] = EIGHTTAP_REGULAR;
+        tmp_best_filter[2] = EIGHTTAP_REGULAR;
+        tmp_best_filter[3] = EIGHTTAP_REGULAR;
+#else
+        tmp_best_filter = EIGHTTAP_REGULAR;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+        if (x->source_variance < sf->disable_filter_search_var_thresh) {
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+          tmp_best_filter[0] = EIGHTTAP_REGULAR;
+#else
+          tmp_best_filter = EIGHTTAP_REGULAR;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+        } else if (sf->adaptive_pred_interp_filter == 1 &&
+                   ctx->pred_interp_filter < SWITCHABLE) {
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+          tmp_best_filter[0] = ctx->pred_interp_filter;
+#else
+          tmp_best_filter = ctx->pred_interp_filter;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+        } else if (sf->adaptive_pred_interp_filter == 2) {
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+          tmp_best_filter[0] = ctx->pred_interp_filter < SWITCHABLE
+                                   ? ctx->pred_interp_filter
+                                   : 0;
+#else
+          tmp_best_filter = ctx->pred_interp_filter < SWITCHABLE
+                                ? ctx->pred_interp_filter
+                                : 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+        } else {
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+          const int filter_set_size = DUAL_FILTER_SET_SIZE;
+#else
+          const int filter_set_size = SWITCHABLE_FILTERS;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+          for (switchable_filter_index = 0;
+               switchable_filter_index < filter_set_size;
+               ++switchable_filter_index) {
+            int newbest, rs;
+            int64_t rs_rd;
+            MB_MODE_INFO_EXT *mbmi_ext = x->mbmi_ext;
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+            mbmi->interp_filter[0] = filter_sets[switchable_filter_index][0];
+            mbmi->interp_filter[1] = filter_sets[switchable_filter_index][1];
+            mbmi->interp_filter[2] = filter_sets[switchable_filter_index][0];
+            mbmi->interp_filter[3] = filter_sets[switchable_filter_index][1];
+#else
+            mbmi->interp_filter = switchable_filter_index;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+            tmp_rd = rd_pick_inter_best_sub8x8_mode(
+                cpi, x, &mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[ref_frame][0], second_ref, best_yrd,
+                &rate, &rate_y, &distortion, &skippable, &total_sse,
+                (int)this_rd_thresh, seg_mvs,
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                compound_seg_newmvs,
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+                bsi, switchable_filter_index, mi_row, mi_col);
+            if (tmp_rd == INT64_MAX) continue;
+            rs = av1_get_switchable_rate(cpi, xd);
+            rs_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rs, 0);
+            if (cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE) tmp_rd += rs_rd;
+
+            newbest = (tmp_rd < tmp_best_rd);
+            if (newbest) {
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+              tmp_best_filter[0] = mbmi->interp_filter[0];
+              tmp_best_filter[1] = mbmi->interp_filter[1];
+              tmp_best_filter[2] = mbmi->interp_filter[2];
+              tmp_best_filter[3] = mbmi->interp_filter[3];
+#else
+              tmp_best_filter = mbmi->interp_filter;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+              tmp_best_rd = tmp_rd;
+            }
+            if ((newbest && cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE) ||
+                (
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+                    mbmi->interp_filter[0] == cm->interp_filter
+#else
+                    mbmi->interp_filter == cm->interp_filter
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+                    && cm->interp_filter != SWITCHABLE)) {
+              tmp_best_rdu = tmp_rd;
+              tmp_best_rate = rate;
+              tmp_best_ratey = rate_y;
+              tmp_best_distortion = distortion;
+              tmp_best_sse = total_sse;
+              tmp_best_skippable = skippable;
+              tmp_best_mbmode = *mbmi;
+              for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                tmp_best_bmodes[i] = xd->mi[0]->bmi[i];
+              }
+              pred_exists = 1;
+            }
+          }  // switchable_filter_index loop
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (tmp_best_rdu == INT64_MAX && pred_exists) continue;
+
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+      mbmi->interp_filter[0] =
+          (cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE ? tmp_best_filter[0]
+                                           : cm->interp_filter);
+      mbmi->interp_filter[1] =
+          (cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE ? tmp_best_filter[1]
+                                           : cm->interp_filter);
+      mbmi->interp_filter[2] =
+          (cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE ? tmp_best_filter[2]
+                                           : cm->interp_filter);
+      mbmi->interp_filter[3] =
+          (cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE ? tmp_best_filter[3]
+                                           : cm->interp_filter);
+#else
+      mbmi->interp_filter =
+          (cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE ? tmp_best_filter
+                                           : cm->interp_filter);
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+
+      if (!pred_exists) {
+        // Handles the special case when a filter that is not in the
+        // switchable list (bilinear) is indicated at the frame level
+        tmp_rd = rd_pick_inter_best_sub8x8_mode(
+            cpi, x, &x->mbmi_ext->ref_mvs[ref_frame][0], second_ref, best_yrd,
+            &rate, &rate_y, &distortion, &skippable, &total_sse,
+            (int)this_rd_thresh, seg_mvs,
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+            compound_seg_newmvs,
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+            bsi, 0, mi_row, mi_col);
+        if (tmp_rd == INT64_MAX) continue;
+      } else {
+        total_sse = tmp_best_sse;
+        rate = tmp_best_rate;
+        rate_y = tmp_best_ratey;
+        distortion = tmp_best_distortion;
+        skippable = tmp_best_skippable;
+        *mbmi = tmp_best_mbmode;
+        for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) xd->mi[0]->bmi[i] = tmp_best_bmodes[i];
+      }
+      // Add in the cost of the transform type
+      if (!xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id]) {
+        int rate_tx_type = 0;
+#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
+        if (get_ext_tx_types(mbmi->tx_size, bsize, 1, cm->reduced_tx_set_used) >
+            1) {
+          const int eset =
+              get_ext_tx_set(mbmi->tx_size, bsize, 1, cm->reduced_tx_set_used);
+          rate_tx_type =
+              cpi->inter_tx_type_costs[eset][mbmi->tx_size][mbmi->tx_type];
+        }
+#else
+        if (mbmi->tx_size < TX_32X32) {
+          rate_tx_type = cpi->inter_tx_type_costs[mbmi->tx_size][mbmi->tx_type];
+        }
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
+        rate += rate_tx_type;
+        rate_y += rate_tx_type;
+      }
+
+      rate2 += rate;
+      distortion2 += distortion;
+
+      if (cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE)
+        rate2 += av1_get_switchable_rate(cpi, xd);
+
+      if (!mode_excluded)
+        mode_excluded = comp_pred ? cm->reference_mode == SINGLE_REFERENCE
+                                  : cm->reference_mode == COMPOUND_REFERENCE;
+
+      compmode_cost = av1_cost_bit(comp_mode_p, comp_pred);
+
+      tmp_best_rdu =
+          best_rd - AOMMIN(RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate2, distortion2),
+                           RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, 0, total_sse));
+
+      if (tmp_best_rdu > 0) {
+        // If even the 'Y' rd value of split is higher than best so far
+        // then dont bother looking at UV
+        int is_cost_valid_uv;
+        RD_STATS rd_stats_uv;
+        av1_build_inter_predictors_sbuv(&x->e_mbd, mi_row, mi_col, NULL,
+                                        BLOCK_8X8);
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+        is_cost_valid_uv =
+            inter_block_uvrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats_uv, BLOCK_8X8, tmp_best_rdu);
+#else
+        is_cost_valid_uv =
+            super_block_uvrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats_uv, BLOCK_8X8, tmp_best_rdu);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+        rate_uv = rd_stats_uv.rate;
+        distortion_uv = rd_stats_uv.dist;
+        uv_skippable = rd_stats_uv.skip;
+        uv_sse = rd_stats_uv.sse;
+
+        if (!is_cost_valid_uv) continue;
+        rate2 += rate_uv;
+        distortion2 += distortion_uv;
+        skippable = skippable && uv_skippable;
+        total_sse += uv_sse;
+      } else {
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (cm->reference_mode == REFERENCE_MODE_SELECT) rate2 += compmode_cost;
+
+    // Estimate the reference frame signaling cost and add it
+    // to the rolling cost variable.
+    if (second_ref_frame > INTRA_FRAME) {
+      rate2 += ref_costs_comp[ref_frame];
+#if CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+      rate2 += ref_costs_comp[second_ref_frame];
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_REFS
+    } else {
+      rate2 += ref_costs_single[ref_frame];
+    }
+
+    if (!disable_skip) {
+      // Skip is never coded at the segment level for sub8x8 blocks and instead
+      // always coded in the bitstream at the mode info level.
+
+      if (ref_frame != INTRA_FRAME && !xd->lossless[mbmi->segment_id]) {
+        if (RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate_y + rate_uv, distortion2) <
+            RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, 0, total_sse)) {
+          // Add in the cost of the no skip flag.
+          rate2 += av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 0);
+        } else {
+          // FIXME(rbultje) make this work for splitmv also
+          rate2 += av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1);
+          distortion2 = total_sse;
+          assert(total_sse >= 0);
+          rate2 -= (rate_y + rate_uv);
+          rate_y = 0;
+          rate_uv = 0;
+          this_skip2 = 1;
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Add in the cost of the no skip flag.
+        rate2 += av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 0);
+      }
+
+      // Calculate the final RD estimate for this mode.
+      this_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate2, distortion2);
+    }
+
+    if (!disable_skip && ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) {
+      for (i = 0; i < REFERENCE_MODES; ++i)
+        best_pred_rd[i] = AOMMIN(best_pred_rd[i], this_rd);
+    }
+
+    // Did this mode help.. i.e. is it the new best mode
+    if (this_rd < best_rd || x->skip) {
+      if (!mode_excluded) {
+        // Note index of best mode so far
+        best_ref_index = ref_index;
+
+        if (ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) {
+          /* required for left and above block mv */
+          mbmi->mv[0].as_int = 0;
+        }
+
+        rd_cost->rate = rate2;
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+        *returnrate_nocoef = rate2 - rate_y - rate_uv;
+        if (!disable_skip)
+          *returnrate_nocoef -=
+              av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), this_skip2);
+        *returnrate_nocoef -= av1_cost_bit(av1_get_intra_inter_prob(cm, xd),
+                                           mbmi->ref_frame[0] != INTRA_FRAME);
+        assert(*returnrate_nocoef > 0);
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+        rd_cost->dist = distortion2;
+        rd_cost->rdcost = this_rd;
+        best_rd = this_rd;
+        best_yrd =
+            best_rd - RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate_uv, distortion_uv);
+        best_mbmode = *mbmi;
+        best_skip2 = this_skip2;
+
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+        for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++i)
+          memset(ctx->blk_skip[i], 0, sizeof(uint8_t) * ctx->num_4x4_blk);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+
+        for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) best_bmodes[i] = xd->mi[0]->bmi[i];
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* keep record of best compound/single-only prediction */
+    if (!disable_skip && ref_frame != INTRA_FRAME) {
+      int64_t single_rd, hybrid_rd, single_rate, hybrid_rate;
+
+      if (cm->reference_mode == REFERENCE_MODE_SELECT) {
+        single_rate = rate2 - compmode_cost;
+        hybrid_rate = rate2;
+      } else {
+        single_rate = rate2;
+        hybrid_rate = rate2 + compmode_cost;
+      }
+
+      single_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, single_rate, distortion2);
+      hybrid_rd = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, hybrid_rate, distortion2);
+
+      if (!comp_pred && single_rd < best_pred_rd[SINGLE_REFERENCE])
+        best_pred_rd[SINGLE_REFERENCE] = single_rd;
+      else if (comp_pred && single_rd < best_pred_rd[COMPOUND_REFERENCE])
+        best_pred_rd[COMPOUND_REFERENCE] = single_rd;
+
+      if (hybrid_rd < best_pred_rd[REFERENCE_MODE_SELECT])
+        best_pred_rd[REFERENCE_MODE_SELECT] = hybrid_rd;
+    }
+
+    if (x->skip && !comp_pred) break;
+  }
+
+  if (best_rd >= best_rd_so_far) {
+    rd_cost->rate = INT_MAX;
+    rd_cost->rdcost = INT64_MAX;
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+    *returnrate_nocoef = INT_MAX;
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (best_rd == INT64_MAX) {
+    rd_cost->rate = INT_MAX;
+    rd_cost->dist = INT64_MAX;
+    rd_cost->rdcost = INT64_MAX;
+#if CONFIG_SUPERTX
+    *returnrate_nocoef = INT_MAX;
+#endif  // CONFIG_SUPERTX
+    return;
+  }
+
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+  assert((cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE) ||
+         (cm->interp_filter == best_mbmode.interp_filter[0]) ||
+         !is_inter_block(&best_mbmode));
+#else
+  assert((cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE) ||
+         (cm->interp_filter == best_mbmode.interp_filter) ||
+         !is_inter_block(&best_mbmode));
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+
+  av1_update_rd_thresh_fact(cm, tile_data->thresh_freq_fact,
+                            sf->adaptive_rd_thresh, bsize, best_ref_index);
+
+  // macroblock modes
+  *mbmi = best_mbmode;
+#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
+  mbmi->inter_tx_size[0][0] = mbmi->tx_size;
+#endif  // CONFIG_VAR_TX
+
+  x->skip |= best_skip2;
+  if (!is_inter_block(&best_mbmode)) {
+    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) xd->mi[0]->bmi[i].as_mode = best_bmodes[i].as_mode;
+  } else {
+    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
+      memcpy(&xd->mi[0]->bmi[i], &best_bmodes[i], sizeof(b_mode_info));
+
+#if CONFIG_REF_MV
+    mbmi->pred_mv[0].as_int = xd->mi[0]->bmi[3].pred_mv[0].as_int;
+    mbmi->pred_mv[1].as_int = xd->mi[0]->bmi[3].pred_mv[1].as_int;
+#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV
+    mbmi->mv[0].as_int = xd->mi[0]->bmi[3].as_mv[0].as_int;
+    mbmi->mv[1].as_int = xd->mi[0]->bmi[3].as_mv[1].as_int;
+  }
+
+// Note: this section is needed since the mode may have been forced to ZEROMV
+#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+  if (mbmi->mode == ZEROMV
+#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      || mbmi->mode == ZERO_ZEROMV
+#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
+      ) {
+    if (is_nontrans_global_motion(xd)) {
+#if CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+      mbmi->interp_filter[0] = cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE
+                                   ? EIGHTTAP_REGULAR
+                                   : cm->interp_filter;
+      mbmi->interp_filter[1] = cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE
+                                   ? EIGHTTAP_REGULAR
+                                   : cm->interp_filter;
+#else
+      mbmi->interp_filter = cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE ? EIGHTTAP_REGULAR
+                                                            : cm->interp_filter;
+#endif  // CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER
+    }
+  }
+#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
+
+  for (i = 0; i < REFERENCE_MODES; ++i) {
+    if (best_pred_rd[i] == INT64_MAX)
+      best_pred_diff[i] = INT_MIN;
+    else
+      best_pred_diff[i] = best_rd - best_pred_rd[i];
+  }
+
+  store_coding_context(x, ctx, best_ref_index, best_pred_diff, 0);
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR
+// This function has a structure similar to av1_build_obmc_inter_prediction
+//
+// The OBMC predictor is computed as:
+//
+//  PObmc(x,y) =
+//    AOM_BLEND_A64(Mh(x),
+//                  AOM_BLEND_A64(Mv(y), P(x,y), PAbove(x,y)),
+//                  PLeft(x, y))
+//
+// Scaling up by AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA ** 2 and omitting the intermediate
+// rounding, this can be written as:
+//
+//  AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA * AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA * Pobmc(x,y) =
+//    Mh(x) * Mv(y) * P(x,y) +
+//      Mh(x) * Cv(y) * Pabove(x,y) +
+//      AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA * Ch(x) * PLeft(x, y)
+//
+// Where :
+//
+//  Cv(y) = AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA - Mv(y)
+//  Ch(y) = AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA - Mh(y)
+//
+// This function computes 'wsrc' and 'mask' as:
+//
+//  wsrc(x, y) =
+//    AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA * AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA * src(x, y) -
+//      Mh(x) * Cv(y) * Pabove(x,y) +
+//      AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA * Ch(x) * PLeft(x, y)
+//
+//  mask(x, y) = Mh(x) * Mv(y)
+//
+// These can then be used to efficiently approximate the error for any
+// predictor P in the context of the provided neighbouring predictors by
+// computing:
+//
+//  error(x, y) =
+//    wsrc(x, y) - mask(x, y) * P(x, y) / (AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA ** 2)
+//
+static void calc_target_weighted_pred(const AV1_COMMON *cm, const MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                      const MACROBLOCKD *xd, int mi_row,
+                                      int mi_col, const uint8_t *above,
+                                      int above_stride, const uint8_t *left,
+                                      int left_stride) {
+  const BLOCK_SIZE bsize = xd->mi[0]->mbmi.sb_type;
+  int row, col, i;
+  const int bw = xd->n8_w << MI_SIZE_LOG2;
+  const int bh = xd->n8_h << MI_SIZE_LOG2;
+  int32_t *mask_buf = x->mask_buf;
+  int32_t *wsrc_buf = x->wsrc_buf;
+  const int wsrc_stride = bw;
+  const int mask_stride = bw;
+  const int src_scale = AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA * AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA;
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  const int is_hbd = (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) ? 1 : 0;
+#else
+  const int is_hbd = 0;
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+  // plane 0 should not be subsampled
+  assert(xd->plane[0].subsampling_x == 0);
+  assert(xd->plane[0].subsampling_y == 0);
+
+  av1_zero_array(wsrc_buf, bw * bh);
+  for (i = 0; i < bw * bh; ++i) mask_buf[i] = AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA;
+
+  // handle above row
+  if (xd->up_available) {
+    const int overlap = num_4x4_blocks_high_lookup[bsize] * 2;
+    const int miw = AOMMIN(xd->n8_w, cm->mi_cols - mi_col);
+    const int mi_row_offset = -1;
+    const uint8_t *const mask1d = av1_get_obmc_mask(overlap);
+    const int neighbor_limit = max_neighbor_obmc[b_width_log2_lookup[bsize]];
+    int neighbor_count = 0;
+
+    assert(miw > 0);
+
+    i = 0;
+    do {  // for each mi in the above row
+      const int mi_col_offset = i;
+      const MB_MODE_INFO *const above_mbmi =
+          &xd->mi[mi_col_offset + mi_row_offset * xd->mi_stride]->mbmi;
+      const BLOCK_SIZE a_bsize = above_mbmi->sb_type;
+      const int mi_step = AOMMIN(xd->n8_w, mi_size_wide[a_bsize]);
+      const int neighbor_bw = mi_step * MI_SIZE;
+
+      if (is_neighbor_overlappable(above_mbmi)) {
+        if (!CONFIG_CB4X4 && (a_bsize == BLOCK_4X4 || a_bsize == BLOCK_4X8))
+          neighbor_count += 2;
+        else
+          neighbor_count++;
+        if (neighbor_count > neighbor_limit) break;
+
+        const int tmp_stride = above_stride;
+        int32_t *wsrc = wsrc_buf + (i * MI_SIZE);
+        int32_t *mask = mask_buf + (i * MI_SIZE);
+
+        if (!is_hbd) {
+          const uint8_t *tmp = above;
+
+          for (row = 0; row < overlap; ++row) {
+            const uint8_t m0 = mask1d[row];
+            const uint8_t m1 = AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA - m0;
+            for (col = 0; col < neighbor_bw; ++col) {
+              wsrc[col] = m1 * tmp[col];
+              mask[col] = m0;
+            }
+            wsrc += wsrc_stride;
+            mask += mask_stride;
+            tmp += tmp_stride;
+          }
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+        } else {
+          const uint16_t *tmp = CONVERT_TO_SHORTPTR(above);
+
+          for (row = 0; row < overlap; ++row) {
+            const uint8_t m0 = mask1d[row];
+            const uint8_t m1 = AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA - m0;
+            for (col = 0; col < neighbor_bw; ++col) {
+              wsrc[col] = m1 * tmp[col];
+              mask[col] = m0;
+            }
+            wsrc += wsrc_stride;
+            mask += mask_stride;
+            tmp += tmp_stride;
+          }
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+        }
+      }
+
+      above += neighbor_bw;
+      i += mi_step;
+    } while (i < miw);
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < bw * bh; ++i) {
+    wsrc_buf[i] *= AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA;
+    mask_buf[i] *= AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA;
+  }
+
+  // handle left column
+  if (xd->left_available) {
+    const int overlap = num_4x4_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize] * 2;
+    const int mih = AOMMIN(xd->n8_h, cm->mi_rows - mi_row);
+    const int mi_col_offset = -1;
+    const uint8_t *const mask1d = av1_get_obmc_mask(overlap);
+    const int neighbor_limit = max_neighbor_obmc[b_height_log2_lookup[bsize]];
+    int neighbor_count = 0;
+
+    assert(mih > 0);
+
+    i = 0;
+    do {  // for each mi in the left column
+      const int mi_row_offset = i;
+      const MB_MODE_INFO *const left_mbmi =
+          &xd->mi[mi_col_offset + mi_row_offset * xd->mi_stride]->mbmi;
+      const BLOCK_SIZE l_bsize = left_mbmi->sb_type;
+      const int mi_step = AOMMIN(xd->n8_h, mi_size_high[l_bsize]);
+      const int neighbor_bh = mi_step * MI_SIZE;
+
+      if (is_neighbor_overlappable(left_mbmi)) {
+        if (!CONFIG_CB4X4 && (l_bsize == BLOCK_4X4 || l_bsize == BLOCK_8X4))
+          neighbor_count += 2;
+        else
+          neighbor_count++;
+        if (neighbor_count > neighbor_limit) break;
+
+        const int tmp_stride = left_stride;
+        int32_t *wsrc = wsrc_buf + (i * MI_SIZE * wsrc_stride);
+        int32_t *mask = mask_buf + (i * MI_SIZE * mask_stride);
+
+        if (!is_hbd) {
+          const uint8_t *tmp = left;
+
+          for (row = 0; row < neighbor_bh; ++row) {
+            for (col = 0; col < overlap; ++col) {
+              const uint8_t m0 = mask1d[col];
+              const uint8_t m1 = AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA - m0;
+              wsrc[col] = (wsrc[col] >> AOM_BLEND_A64_ROUND_BITS) * m0 +
+                          (tmp[col] << AOM_BLEND_A64_ROUND_BITS) * m1;
+              mask[col] = (mask[col] >> AOM_BLEND_A64_ROUND_BITS) * m0;
+            }
+            wsrc += wsrc_stride;
+            mask += mask_stride;
+            tmp += tmp_stride;
+          }
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+        } else {
+          const uint16_t *tmp = CONVERT_TO_SHORTPTR(left);
+
+          for (row = 0; row < neighbor_bh; ++row) {
+            for (col = 0; col < overlap; ++col) {
+              const uint8_t m0 = mask1d[col];
+              const uint8_t m1 = AOM_BLEND_A64_MAX_ALPHA - m0;
+              wsrc[col] = (wsrc[col] >> AOM_BLEND_A64_ROUND_BITS) * m0 +
+                          (tmp[col] << AOM_BLEND_A64_ROUND_BITS) * m1;
+              mask[col] = (mask[col] >> AOM_BLEND_A64_ROUND_BITS) * m0;
+            }
+            wsrc += wsrc_stride;
+            mask += mask_stride;
+            tmp += tmp_stride;
+          }
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+        }
+      }
+
+      left += neighbor_bh * left_stride;
+      i += mi_step;
+    } while (i < mih);
+  }
+
+  if (!is_hbd) {
+    const uint8_t *src = x->plane[0].src.buf;
+
+    for (row = 0; row < bh; ++row) {
+      for (col = 0; col < bw; ++col) {
+        wsrc_buf[col] = src[col] * src_scale - wsrc_buf[col];
+      }
+      wsrc_buf += wsrc_stride;
+      src += x->plane[0].src.stride;
+    }
+#if CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  } else {
+    const uint16_t *src = CONVERT_TO_SHORTPTR(x->plane[0].src.buf);
+
+    for (row = 0; row < bh; ++row) {
+      for (col = 0; col < bw; ++col) {
+        wsrc_buf[col] = src[col] * src_scale - wsrc_buf[col];
+      }
+      wsrc_buf += wsrc_stride;
+      src += x->plane[0].src.stride;
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  }
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_NCOBMC
+void av1_check_ncobmc_rd(const struct AV1_COMP *cpi, struct macroblock *x,
+                         int mi_row, int mi_col) {
+  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  MB_MODE_INFO backup_mbmi;
+  BLOCK_SIZE bsize = mbmi->sb_type;
+  int ref, skip_blk, backup_skip = x->skip;
+  int64_t rd_causal;
+  RD_STATS rd_stats_y, rd_stats_uv;
+  int rate_skip0 = av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 0);
+  int rate_skip1 = av1_cost_bit(av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1);
+
+  // Recompute the best causal predictor and rd
+  mbmi->motion_mode = SIMPLE_TRANSLATION;
+  set_ref_ptrs(cm, xd, mbmi->ref_frame[0], mbmi->ref_frame[1]);
+  for (ref = 0; ref < 1 + has_second_ref(mbmi); ++ref) {
+    YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *cfg = get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi, mbmi->ref_frame[ref]);
+    assert(cfg != NULL);
+    av1_setup_pre_planes(xd, ref, cfg, mi_row, mi_col,
+                         &xd->block_refs[ref]->sf);
+  }
+  av1_setup_dst_planes(x->e_mbd.plane, bsize,
+                       get_frame_new_buffer(&cpi->common), mi_row, mi_col);
+
+  av1_build_inter_predictors_sb(xd, mi_row, mi_col, NULL, bsize);
+
+  av1_subtract_plane(x, bsize, 0);
+  super_block_yrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats_y, bsize, INT64_MAX);
+  super_block_uvrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats_uv, bsize, INT64_MAX);
+  assert(rd_stats_y.rate != INT_MAX && rd_stats_uv.rate != INT_MAX);
+  if (rd_stats_y.skip && rd_stats_uv.skip) {
+    rd_stats_y.rate = rate_skip1;
+    rd_stats_uv.rate = 0;
+    rd_stats_y.dist = rd_stats_y.sse;
+    rd_stats_uv.dist = rd_stats_uv.sse;
+    skip_blk = 0;
+  } else if (RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                    (rd_stats_y.rate + rd_stats_uv.rate + rate_skip0),
+                    (rd_stats_y.dist + rd_stats_uv.dist)) >
+             RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate_skip1,
+                    (rd_stats_y.sse + rd_stats_uv.sse))) {
+    rd_stats_y.rate = rate_skip1;
+    rd_stats_uv.rate = 0;
+    rd_stats_y.dist = rd_stats_y.sse;
+    rd_stats_uv.dist = rd_stats_uv.sse;
+    skip_blk = 1;
+  } else {
+    rd_stats_y.rate += rate_skip0;
+    skip_blk = 0;
+  }
+  backup_skip = skip_blk;
+  backup_mbmi = *mbmi;
+  rd_causal = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, (rd_stats_y.rate + rd_stats_uv.rate),
+                     (rd_stats_y.dist + rd_stats_uv.dist));
+  rd_causal += RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                      av1_cost_bit(cm->fc->motion_mode_prob[bsize][0], 0), 0);
+
+  // Check non-causal mode
+  mbmi->motion_mode = OBMC_CAUSAL;
+  av1_build_ncobmc_inter_predictors_sb(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col);
+
+  av1_subtract_plane(x, bsize, 0);
+  super_block_yrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats_y, bsize, INT64_MAX);
+  super_block_uvrd(cpi, x, &rd_stats_uv, bsize, INT64_MAX);
+  assert(rd_stats_y.rate != INT_MAX && rd_stats_uv.rate != INT_MAX);
+  if (rd_stats_y.skip && rd_stats_uv.skip) {
+    rd_stats_y.rate = rate_skip1;
+    rd_stats_uv.rate = 0;
+    rd_stats_y.dist = rd_stats_y.sse;
+    rd_stats_uv.dist = rd_stats_uv.sse;
+    skip_blk = 0;
+  } else if (RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                    (rd_stats_y.rate + rd_stats_uv.rate + rate_skip0),
+                    (rd_stats_y.dist + rd_stats_uv.dist)) >
+             RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, rate_skip1,
+                    (rd_stats_y.sse + rd_stats_uv.sse))) {
+    rd_stats_y.rate = rate_skip1;
+    rd_stats_uv.rate = 0;
+    rd_stats_y.dist = rd_stats_y.sse;
+    rd_stats_uv.dist = rd_stats_uv.sse;
+    skip_blk = 1;
+  } else {
+    rd_stats_y.rate += rate_skip0;
+    skip_blk = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (rd_causal >
+      RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+             rd_stats_y.rate + rd_stats_uv.rate +
+                 av1_cost_bit(cm->fc->motion_mode_prob[bsize][0], 1),
+             (rd_stats_y.dist + rd_stats_uv.dist))) {
+    x->skip = skip_blk;
+  } else {
+    *mbmi = backup_mbmi;
+    x->skip = backup_skip;
+  }
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_NCOBMC
+#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR