Add m-esr52 at 52.6.0

1 files changed, 4236 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/media/libvpx/vp9/encoder/vp9_encodeframe.c b/media/libvpx/vp9/encoder/vp9_encodeframe.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..49e888768
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libvpx/vp9/encoder/vp9_encodeframe.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4236 @@
+/*
+ *  Copyright (c) 2010 The WebM project authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
+ *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
+ *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
+ *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
+ *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
+ */
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "./vp9_rtcd.h"
+#include "./vpx_dsp_rtcd.h"
+#include "./vpx_config.h"
+
+#include "vpx_ports/mem.h"
+#include "vpx_ports/vpx_timer.h"
+
+#include "vp9/common/vp9_common.h"
+#include "vp9/common/vp9_entropy.h"
+#include "vp9/common/vp9_entropymode.h"
+#include "vp9/common/vp9_idct.h"
+#include "vp9/common/vp9_mvref_common.h"
+#include "vp9/common/vp9_pred_common.h"
+#include "vp9/common/vp9_quant_common.h"
+#include "vp9/common/vp9_reconintra.h"
+#include "vp9/common/vp9_reconinter.h"
+#include "vp9/common/vp9_seg_common.h"
+#include "vp9/common/vp9_systemdependent.h"
+#include "vp9/common/vp9_tile_common.h"
+
+#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_aq_complexity.h"
+#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_aq_cyclicrefresh.h"
+#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_aq_variance.h"
+#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_encodeframe.h"
+#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_encodemb.h"
+#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_encodemv.h"
+#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_ethread.h"
+#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_extend.h"
+#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_pickmode.h"
+#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_rd.h"
+#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_rdopt.h"
+#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_segmentation.h"
+#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_tokenize.h"
+
+static void encode_superblock(VP9_COMP *cpi, ThreadData * td,
+                              TOKENEXTRA **t, int output_enabled,
+                              int mi_row, int mi_col, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                              PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx);
+
+// This is used as a reference when computing the source variance for the
+//  purposes of activity masking.
+// Eventually this should be replaced by custom no-reference routines,
+//  which will be faster.
+static const uint8_t VP9_VAR_OFFS[64] = {
+    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
+    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
+    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
+    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
+    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
+    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
+    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
+    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
+};
+
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+static const uint16_t VP9_HIGH_VAR_OFFS_8[64] = {
+    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
+    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
+    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
+    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
+    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
+    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
+    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
+    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
+};
+
+static const uint16_t VP9_HIGH_VAR_OFFS_10[64] = {
+    128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4,
+    128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4,
+    128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4,
+    128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4,
+    128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4,
+    128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4,
+    128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4,
+    128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4, 128*4
+};
+
+static const uint16_t VP9_HIGH_VAR_OFFS_12[64] = {
+    128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16,
+    128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16,
+    128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16,
+    128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16,
+    128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16,
+    128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16,
+    128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16,
+    128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16, 128*16
+};
+#endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+unsigned int vp9_get_sby_perpixel_variance(VP9_COMP *cpi,
+                                           const struct buf_2d *ref,
+                                           BLOCK_SIZE bs) {
+  unsigned int sse;
+  const unsigned int var = cpi->fn_ptr[bs].vf(ref->buf, ref->stride,
+                                              VP9_VAR_OFFS, 0, &sse);
+  return ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bs]);
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+unsigned int vp9_high_get_sby_perpixel_variance(
+    VP9_COMP *cpi, const struct buf_2d *ref, BLOCK_SIZE bs, int bd) {
+  unsigned int var, sse;
+  switch (bd) {
+    case 10:
+      var = cpi->fn_ptr[bs].vf(ref->buf, ref->stride,
+                               CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(VP9_HIGH_VAR_OFFS_10),
+                               0, &sse);
+      break;
+    case 12:
+      var = cpi->fn_ptr[bs].vf(ref->buf, ref->stride,
+                               CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(VP9_HIGH_VAR_OFFS_12),
+                               0, &sse);
+      break;
+    case 8:
+    default:
+      var = cpi->fn_ptr[bs].vf(ref->buf, ref->stride,
+                               CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(VP9_HIGH_VAR_OFFS_8),
+                               0, &sse);
+      break;
+  }
+  return ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bs]);
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+static unsigned int get_sby_perpixel_diff_variance(VP9_COMP *cpi,
+                                                   const struct buf_2d *ref,
+                                                   int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                                                   BLOCK_SIZE bs) {
+  unsigned int sse, var;
+  uint8_t *last_y;
+  const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *last = get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi, LAST_FRAME);
+
+  assert(last != NULL);
+  last_y =
+      &last->y_buffer[mi_row * MI_SIZE * last->y_stride + mi_col * MI_SIZE];
+  var = cpi->fn_ptr[bs].vf(ref->buf, ref->stride, last_y, last->y_stride, &sse);
+  return ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bs]);
+}
+
+static BLOCK_SIZE get_rd_var_based_fixed_partition(VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                                   int mi_row,
+                                                   int mi_col) {
+  unsigned int var = get_sby_perpixel_diff_variance(cpi, &x->plane[0].src,
+                                                    mi_row, mi_col,
+                                                    BLOCK_64X64);
+  if (var < 8)
+    return BLOCK_64X64;
+  else if (var < 128)
+    return BLOCK_32X32;
+  else if (var < 2048)
+    return BLOCK_16X16;
+  else
+    return BLOCK_8X8;
+}
+
+// Lighter version of set_offsets that only sets the mode info
+// pointers.
+static INLINE void set_mode_info_offsets(VP9_COMMON *const cm,
+                                         MACROBLOCKD *const xd,
+                                         int mi_row,
+                                         int mi_col) {
+  const int idx_str = xd->mi_stride * mi_row + mi_col;
+  xd->mi = cm->mi_grid_visible + idx_str;
+  xd->mi[0] = cm->mi + idx_str;
+}
+
+static void set_offsets(VP9_COMP *cpi, const TileInfo *const tile,
+                        MACROBLOCK *const x, int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                        BLOCK_SIZE bsize) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi;
+  const int mi_width = num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+  const int mi_height = num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+  const struct segmentation *const seg = &cm->seg;
+
+  set_skip_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col);
+
+  set_mode_info_offsets(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col);
+
+  mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+
+  // Set up destination pointers.
+  vp9_setup_dst_planes(xd->plane, get_frame_new_buffer(cm), mi_row, mi_col);
+
+  // Set up limit values for MV components.
+  // Mv beyond the range do not produce new/different prediction block.
+  x->mv_row_min = -(((mi_row + mi_height) * MI_SIZE) + VP9_INTERP_EXTEND);
+  x->mv_col_min = -(((mi_col + mi_width) * MI_SIZE) + VP9_INTERP_EXTEND);
+  x->mv_row_max = (cm->mi_rows - mi_row) * MI_SIZE + VP9_INTERP_EXTEND;
+  x->mv_col_max = (cm->mi_cols - mi_col) * MI_SIZE + VP9_INTERP_EXTEND;
+
+  // Set up distance of MB to edge of frame in 1/8th pel units.
+  assert(!(mi_col & (mi_width - 1)) && !(mi_row & (mi_height - 1)));
+  set_mi_row_col(xd, tile, mi_row, mi_height, mi_col, mi_width,
+                 cm->mi_rows, cm->mi_cols);
+
+  // Set up source buffers.
+  vp9_setup_src_planes(x, cpi->Source, mi_row, mi_col);
+
+  // R/D setup.
+  x->rddiv = cpi->rd.RDDIV;
+  x->rdmult = cpi->rd.RDMULT;
+
+  // Setup segment ID.
+  if (seg->enabled) {
+    if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode != VARIANCE_AQ) {
+      const uint8_t *const map = seg->update_map ? cpi->segmentation_map
+                                                 : cm->last_frame_seg_map;
+      mbmi->segment_id = vp9_get_segment_id(cm, map, bsize, mi_row, mi_col);
+    }
+    vp9_init_plane_quantizers(cpi, x);
+
+    x->encode_breakout = cpi->segment_encode_breakout[mbmi->segment_id];
+  } else {
+    mbmi->segment_id = 0;
+    x->encode_breakout = cpi->encode_breakout;
+  }
+}
+
+static void duplicate_mode_info_in_sb(VP9_COMMON *cm, MACROBLOCKD *xd,
+                                      int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                                      BLOCK_SIZE bsize) {
+  const int block_width = num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+  const int block_height = num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+  int i, j;
+  for (j = 0; j < block_height; ++j)
+    for (i = 0; i < block_width; ++i) {
+      if (mi_row + j < cm->mi_rows && mi_col + i < cm->mi_cols)
+        xd->mi[j * xd->mi_stride + i] = xd->mi[0];
+    }
+}
+
+static void set_block_size(VP9_COMP * const cpi,
+                           MACROBLOCKD *const xd,
+                           int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                           BLOCK_SIZE bsize) {
+  if (cpi->common.mi_cols > mi_col && cpi->common.mi_rows > mi_row) {
+    set_mode_info_offsets(&cpi->common, xd, mi_row, mi_col);
+    xd->mi[0]->mbmi.sb_type = bsize;
+  }
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  int64_t sum_square_error;
+  int64_t sum_error;
+  int log2_count;
+  int variance;
+} var;
+
+typedef struct {
+  var none;
+  var horz[2];
+  var vert[2];
+} partition_variance;
+
+typedef struct {
+  partition_variance part_variances;
+  var split[4];
+} v4x4;
+
+typedef struct {
+  partition_variance part_variances;
+  v4x4 split[4];
+} v8x8;
+
+typedef struct {
+  partition_variance part_variances;
+  v8x8 split[4];
+} v16x16;
+
+typedef struct {
+  partition_variance part_variances;
+  v16x16 split[4];
+} v32x32;
+
+typedef struct {
+  partition_variance part_variances;
+  v32x32 split[4];
+} v64x64;
+
+typedef struct {
+  partition_variance *part_variances;
+  var *split[4];
+} variance_node;
+
+typedef enum {
+  V16X16,
+  V32X32,
+  V64X64,
+} TREE_LEVEL;
+
+static void tree_to_node(void *data, BLOCK_SIZE bsize, variance_node *node) {
+  int i;
+  node->part_variances = NULL;
+  switch (bsize) {
+    case BLOCK_64X64: {
+      v64x64 *vt = (v64x64 *) data;
+      node->part_variances = &vt->part_variances;
+      for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+        node->split[i] = &vt->split[i].part_variances.none;
+      break;
+    }
+    case BLOCK_32X32: {
+      v32x32 *vt = (v32x32 *) data;
+      node->part_variances = &vt->part_variances;
+      for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+        node->split[i] = &vt->split[i].part_variances.none;
+      break;
+    }
+    case BLOCK_16X16: {
+      v16x16 *vt = (v16x16 *) data;
+      node->part_variances = &vt->part_variances;
+      for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+        node->split[i] = &vt->split[i].part_variances.none;
+      break;
+    }
+    case BLOCK_8X8: {
+      v8x8 *vt = (v8x8 *) data;
+      node->part_variances = &vt->part_variances;
+      for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+        node->split[i] = &vt->split[i].part_variances.none;
+      break;
+    }
+    case BLOCK_4X4: {
+      v4x4 *vt = (v4x4 *) data;
+      node->part_variances = &vt->part_variances;
+      for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+        node->split[i] = &vt->split[i];
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      assert(0);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Set variance values given sum square error, sum error, count.
+static void fill_variance(int64_t s2, int64_t s, int c, var *v) {
+  v->sum_square_error = s2;
+  v->sum_error = s;
+  v->log2_count = c;
+}
+
+static void get_variance(var *v) {
+  v->variance = (int)(256 * (v->sum_square_error -
+      ((v->sum_error * v->sum_error) >> v->log2_count)) >> v->log2_count);
+}
+
+static void sum_2_variances(const var *a, const var *b, var *r) {
+  assert(a->log2_count == b->log2_count);
+  fill_variance(a->sum_square_error + b->sum_square_error,
+                a->sum_error + b->sum_error, a->log2_count + 1, r);
+}
+
+static void fill_variance_tree(void *data, BLOCK_SIZE bsize) {
+  variance_node node;
+  tree_to_node(data, bsize, &node);
+  sum_2_variances(node.split[0], node.split[1], &node.part_variances->horz[0]);
+  sum_2_variances(node.split[2], node.split[3], &node.part_variances->horz[1]);
+  sum_2_variances(node.split[0], node.split[2], &node.part_variances->vert[0]);
+  sum_2_variances(node.split[1], node.split[3], &node.part_variances->vert[1]);
+  sum_2_variances(&node.part_variances->vert[0], &node.part_variances->vert[1],
+                  &node.part_variances->none);
+}
+
+static int set_vt_partitioning(VP9_COMP *cpi,
+                               MACROBLOCKD *const xd,
+                               void *data,
+                               BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                               int mi_row,
+                               int mi_col,
+                               int64_t threshold,
+                               BLOCK_SIZE bsize_min,
+                               int force_split) {
+  VP9_COMMON * const cm = &cpi->common;
+  variance_node vt;
+  const int block_width = num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+  const int block_height = num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+  const int low_res = (cm->width <= 352 && cm->height <= 288);
+
+  assert(block_height == block_width);
+  tree_to_node(data, bsize, &vt);
+
+  if (force_split == 1)
+    return 0;
+
+  // For bsize=bsize_min (16x16/8x8 for 8x8/4x4 downsampling), select if
+  // variance is below threshold, otherwise split will be selected.
+  // No check for vert/horiz split as too few samples for variance.
+  if (bsize == bsize_min) {
+    // Variance already computed to set the force_split.
+    if (low_res || cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME)
+      get_variance(&vt.part_variances->none);
+    if (mi_col + block_width / 2 < cm->mi_cols &&
+        mi_row + block_height / 2 < cm->mi_rows &&
+        vt.part_variances->none.variance < threshold) {
+      set_block_size(cpi, xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  } else if (bsize > bsize_min) {
+    // Variance already computed to set the force_split.
+    if (low_res || cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME)
+      get_variance(&vt.part_variances->none);
+    // For key frame: take split for bsize above 32X32 or very high variance.
+    if (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME &&
+        (bsize > BLOCK_32X32 ||
+        vt.part_variances->none.variance > (threshold << 4))) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    // If variance is low, take the bsize (no split).
+    if (mi_col + block_width / 2 < cm->mi_cols &&
+        mi_row + block_height / 2 < cm->mi_rows &&
+        vt.part_variances->none.variance < threshold) {
+      set_block_size(cpi, xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    // Check vertical split.
+    if (mi_row + block_height / 2 < cm->mi_rows) {
+      BLOCK_SIZE subsize = get_subsize(bsize, PARTITION_VERT);
+      get_variance(&vt.part_variances->vert[0]);
+      get_variance(&vt.part_variances->vert[1]);
+      if (vt.part_variances->vert[0].variance < threshold &&
+          vt.part_variances->vert[1].variance < threshold &&
+          get_plane_block_size(subsize, &xd->plane[1]) < BLOCK_INVALID) {
+        set_block_size(cpi, xd, mi_row, mi_col, subsize);
+        set_block_size(cpi, xd, mi_row, mi_col + block_width / 2, subsize);
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+    // Check horizontal split.
+    if (mi_col + block_width / 2 < cm->mi_cols) {
+      BLOCK_SIZE subsize = get_subsize(bsize, PARTITION_HORZ);
+      get_variance(&vt.part_variances->horz[0]);
+      get_variance(&vt.part_variances->horz[1]);
+      if (vt.part_variances->horz[0].variance < threshold &&
+          vt.part_variances->horz[1].variance < threshold &&
+          get_plane_block_size(subsize, &xd->plane[1]) < BLOCK_INVALID) {
+        set_block_size(cpi, xd, mi_row, mi_col, subsize);
+        set_block_size(cpi, xd, mi_row + block_height / 2, mi_col, subsize);
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Set the variance split thresholds for following the block sizes:
+// 0 - threshold_64x64, 1 - threshold_32x32, 2 - threshold_16x16,
+// 3 - vbp_threshold_8x8. vbp_threshold_8x8 (to split to 4x4 partition) is
+// currently only used on key frame.
+static void set_vbp_thresholds(VP9_COMP *cpi, int64_t thresholds[], int q) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  const int is_key_frame = (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME);
+  const int threshold_multiplier = is_key_frame ? 20 : 1;
+  const int64_t threshold_base = (int64_t)(threshold_multiplier *
+      cpi->y_dequant[q][1]);
+  if (is_key_frame) {
+    thresholds[0] = threshold_base;
+    thresholds[1] = threshold_base >> 2;
+    thresholds[2] = threshold_base >> 2;
+    thresholds[3] = threshold_base << 2;
+  } else {
+    thresholds[1] = threshold_base;
+    if (cm->width <= 352 && cm->height <= 288) {
+      thresholds[0] = threshold_base >> 2;
+      thresholds[2] = threshold_base << 3;
+    } else {
+      thresholds[0] = threshold_base;
+      thresholds[1] = (5 * threshold_base) >> 2;
+      if (cm->width >= 1920 && cm->height >= 1080)
+        thresholds[1] = (7 * threshold_base) >> 2;
+      thresholds[2] = threshold_base << cpi->oxcf.speed;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void vp9_set_variance_partition_thresholds(VP9_COMP *cpi, int q) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  SPEED_FEATURES *const sf = &cpi->sf;
+  const int is_key_frame = (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME);
+  if (sf->partition_search_type != VAR_BASED_PARTITION &&
+      sf->partition_search_type != REFERENCE_PARTITION) {
+    return;
+  } else {
+    set_vbp_thresholds(cpi, cpi->vbp_thresholds, q);
+    // The thresholds below are not changed locally.
+    if (is_key_frame) {
+      cpi->vbp_threshold_sad = 0;
+      cpi->vbp_bsize_min = BLOCK_8X8;
+    } else {
+      if (cm->width <= 352 && cm->height <= 288)
+        cpi->vbp_threshold_sad = 100;
+      else
+        cpi->vbp_threshold_sad = (cpi->y_dequant[q][1] << 1) > 1000 ?
+            (cpi->y_dequant[q][1] << 1) : 1000;
+      cpi->vbp_bsize_min = BLOCK_16X16;
+    }
+    cpi->vbp_threshold_minmax = 15 + (q >> 3);
+  }
+}
+
+// Compute the minmax over the 8x8 subblocks.
+static int compute_minmax_8x8(const uint8_t *s, int sp, const uint8_t *d,
+                              int dp, int x16_idx, int y16_idx,
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+                              int highbd_flag,
+#endif
+                              int pixels_wide,
+                              int pixels_high) {
+  int k;
+  int minmax_max = 0;
+  int minmax_min = 255;
+  // Loop over the 4 8x8 subblocks.
+  for (k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+    int x8_idx = x16_idx + ((k & 1) << 3);
+    int y8_idx = y16_idx + ((k >> 1) << 3);
+    int min = 0;
+    int max = 0;
+    if (x8_idx < pixels_wide && y8_idx < pixels_high) {
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      if (highbd_flag & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+        vp9_highbd_minmax_8x8(s + y8_idx * sp + x8_idx, sp,
+                              d + y8_idx * dp + x8_idx, dp,
+                              &min, &max);
+      } else {
+        vp9_minmax_8x8(s + y8_idx * sp + x8_idx, sp,
+                       d + y8_idx * dp + x8_idx, dp,
+                       &min, &max);
+      }
+#else
+      vp9_minmax_8x8(s + y8_idx * sp + x8_idx, sp,
+                     d + y8_idx * dp + x8_idx, dp,
+                     &min, &max);
+#endif
+      if ((max - min) > minmax_max)
+        minmax_max = (max - min);
+      if ((max - min) < minmax_min)
+        minmax_min = (max - min);
+    }
+  }
+  return (minmax_max - minmax_min);
+}
+
+static void fill_variance_4x4avg(const uint8_t *s, int sp, const uint8_t *d,
+                                 int dp, int x8_idx, int y8_idx, v8x8 *vst,
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+                                 int highbd_flag,
+#endif
+                                 int pixels_wide,
+                                 int pixels_high,
+                                 int is_key_frame) {
+  int k;
+  for (k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+    int x4_idx = x8_idx + ((k & 1) << 2);
+    int y4_idx = y8_idx + ((k >> 1) << 2);
+    unsigned int sse = 0;
+    int sum = 0;
+    if (x4_idx < pixels_wide && y4_idx < pixels_high) {
+      int s_avg;
+      int d_avg = 128;
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      if (highbd_flag & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+        s_avg = vp9_highbd_avg_4x4(s + y4_idx * sp + x4_idx, sp);
+        if (!is_key_frame)
+          d_avg = vp9_highbd_avg_4x4(d + y4_idx * dp + x4_idx, dp);
+      } else {
+        s_avg = vp9_avg_4x4(s + y4_idx * sp + x4_idx, sp);
+        if (!is_key_frame)
+          d_avg = vp9_avg_4x4(d + y4_idx * dp + x4_idx, dp);
+      }
+#else
+      s_avg = vp9_avg_4x4(s + y4_idx * sp + x4_idx, sp);
+      if (!is_key_frame)
+        d_avg = vp9_avg_4x4(d + y4_idx * dp + x4_idx, dp);
+#endif
+      sum = s_avg - d_avg;
+      sse = sum * sum;
+    }
+    fill_variance(sse, sum, 0, &vst->split[k].part_variances.none);
+  }
+}
+
+static void fill_variance_8x8avg(const uint8_t *s, int sp, const uint8_t *d,
+                                 int dp, int x16_idx, int y16_idx, v16x16 *vst,
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+                                 int highbd_flag,
+#endif
+                                 int pixels_wide,
+                                 int pixels_high,
+                                 int is_key_frame) {
+  int k;
+  for (k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+    int x8_idx = x16_idx + ((k & 1) << 3);
+    int y8_idx = y16_idx + ((k >> 1) << 3);
+    unsigned int sse = 0;
+    int sum = 0;
+    if (x8_idx < pixels_wide && y8_idx < pixels_high) {
+      int s_avg;
+      int d_avg = 128;
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      if (highbd_flag & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+        s_avg = vp9_highbd_avg_8x8(s + y8_idx * sp + x8_idx, sp);
+        if (!is_key_frame)
+          d_avg = vp9_highbd_avg_8x8(d + y8_idx * dp + x8_idx, dp);
+      } else {
+        s_avg = vp9_avg_8x8(s + y8_idx * sp + x8_idx, sp);
+        if (!is_key_frame)
+          d_avg = vp9_avg_8x8(d + y8_idx * dp + x8_idx, dp);
+      }
+#else
+      s_avg = vp9_avg_8x8(s + y8_idx * sp + x8_idx, sp);
+      if (!is_key_frame)
+        d_avg = vp9_avg_8x8(d + y8_idx * dp + x8_idx, dp);
+#endif
+      sum = s_avg - d_avg;
+      sse = sum * sum;
+    }
+    fill_variance(sse, sum, 0, &vst->split[k].part_variances.none);
+  }
+}
+
+// This function chooses partitioning based on the variance between source and
+// reconstructed last, where variance is computed for down-sampled inputs.
+static int choose_partitioning(VP9_COMP *cpi,
+                                const TileInfo *const tile,
+                                MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                int mi_row, int mi_col) {
+  VP9_COMMON * const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  int i, j, k, m;
+  v64x64 vt;
+  v16x16 vt2[16];
+  int force_split[21];
+  uint8_t *s;
+  const uint8_t *d;
+  int sp;
+  int dp;
+  int pixels_wide = 64, pixels_high = 64;
+  int64_t thresholds[4] = {cpi->vbp_thresholds[0], cpi->vbp_thresholds[1],
+      cpi->vbp_thresholds[2], cpi->vbp_thresholds[3]};
+
+  // Always use 4x4 partition for key frame.
+  const int is_key_frame = (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME);
+  const int use_4x4_partition = is_key_frame;
+  const int low_res = (cm->width <= 352 && cm->height <= 288);
+  int variance4x4downsample[16];
+
+  int segment_id = CR_SEGMENT_ID_BASE;
+  if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == CYCLIC_REFRESH_AQ && cm->seg.enabled) {
+    const uint8_t *const map = cm->seg.update_map ? cpi->segmentation_map :
+                                                    cm->last_frame_seg_map;
+    segment_id = vp9_get_segment_id(cm, map, BLOCK_64X64, mi_row, mi_col);
+
+    if (cyclic_refresh_segment_id_boosted(segment_id)) {
+      int q = vp9_get_qindex(&cm->seg, segment_id, cm->base_qindex);
+      set_vbp_thresholds(cpi, thresholds, q);
+    }
+  }
+
+  set_offsets(cpi, tile, x, mi_row, mi_col, BLOCK_64X64);
+
+  if (xd->mb_to_right_edge < 0)
+    pixels_wide += (xd->mb_to_right_edge >> 3);
+  if (xd->mb_to_bottom_edge < 0)
+    pixels_high += (xd->mb_to_bottom_edge >> 3);
+
+  s = x->plane[0].src.buf;
+  sp = x->plane[0].src.stride;
+
+  if (!is_key_frame && !(is_one_pass_cbr_svc(cpi) &&
+      cpi->svc.layer_context[cpi->svc.temporal_layer_id].is_key_frame)) {
+    // In the case of spatial/temporal scalable coding, the assumption here is
+    // that the temporal reference frame will always be of type LAST_FRAME.
+    // TODO(marpan): If that assumption is broken, we need to revisit this code.
+    MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+    unsigned int uv_sad;
+    const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *yv12 = get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi, LAST_FRAME);
+
+    const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *yv12_g = NULL;
+    unsigned int y_sad, y_sad_g;
+    const BLOCK_SIZE bsize = BLOCK_32X32
+        + (mi_col + 4 < cm->mi_cols) * 2 + (mi_row + 4 < cm->mi_rows);
+
+    assert(yv12 != NULL);
+
+    if (!(is_one_pass_cbr_svc(cpi) && cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id)) {
+      // For now, GOLDEN will not be used for non-zero spatial layers, since
+      // it may not be a temporal reference.
+      yv12_g = get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi, GOLDEN_FRAME);
+    }
+
+    if (yv12_g && yv12_g != yv12) {
+      vp9_setup_pre_planes(xd, 0, yv12_g, mi_row, mi_col,
+                           &cm->frame_refs[GOLDEN_FRAME - 1].sf);
+      y_sad_g = cpi->fn_ptr[bsize].sdf(x->plane[0].src.buf,
+                                       x->plane[0].src.stride,
+                                       xd->plane[0].pre[0].buf,
+                                       xd->plane[0].pre[0].stride);
+    } else {
+      y_sad_g = UINT_MAX;
+    }
+
+    vp9_setup_pre_planes(xd, 0, yv12, mi_row, mi_col,
+                         &cm->frame_refs[LAST_FRAME - 1].sf);
+    mbmi->ref_frame[0] = LAST_FRAME;
+    mbmi->ref_frame[1] = NONE;
+    mbmi->sb_type = BLOCK_64X64;
+    mbmi->mv[0].as_int = 0;
+    mbmi->interp_filter = BILINEAR;
+
+    y_sad = vp9_int_pro_motion_estimation(cpi, x, bsize, mi_row, mi_col);
+    if (y_sad_g < y_sad) {
+      vp9_setup_pre_planes(xd, 0, yv12_g, mi_row, mi_col,
+                           &cm->frame_refs[GOLDEN_FRAME - 1].sf);
+      mbmi->ref_frame[0] = GOLDEN_FRAME;
+      mbmi->mv[0].as_int = 0;
+      y_sad = y_sad_g;
+    } else {
+      x->pred_mv[LAST_FRAME] = mbmi->mv[0].as_mv;
+    }
+
+    vp9_build_inter_predictors_sb(xd, mi_row, mi_col, BLOCK_64X64);
+
+    for (i = 1; i <= 2; ++i) {
+      struct macroblock_plane  *p = &x->plane[i];
+      struct macroblockd_plane *pd = &xd->plane[i];
+      const BLOCK_SIZE bs = get_plane_block_size(bsize, pd);
+
+      if (bs == BLOCK_INVALID)
+        uv_sad = UINT_MAX;
+      else
+        uv_sad = cpi->fn_ptr[bs].sdf(p->src.buf, p->src.stride,
+                                     pd->dst.buf, pd->dst.stride);
+
+      x->color_sensitivity[i - 1] = uv_sad > (y_sad >> 2);
+    }
+
+    d = xd->plane[0].dst.buf;
+    dp = xd->plane[0].dst.stride;
+
+    // If the y_sad is very small, take 64x64 as partition and exit.
+    // Don't check on boosted segment for now, as 64x64 is suppressed there.
+    if (segment_id == CR_SEGMENT_ID_BASE &&
+        y_sad < cpi->vbp_threshold_sad) {
+      const int block_width = num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[BLOCK_64X64];
+      const int block_height = num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[BLOCK_64X64];
+      if (mi_col + block_width / 2 < cm->mi_cols &&
+          mi_row + block_height / 2 < cm->mi_rows) {
+        set_block_size(cpi, xd, mi_row, mi_col, BLOCK_64X64);
+        return 0;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    d = VP9_VAR_OFFS;
+    dp = 0;
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+      switch (xd->bd) {
+        case 10:
+          d = CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(VP9_HIGH_VAR_OFFS_10);
+          break;
+        case 12:
+          d = CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(VP9_HIGH_VAR_OFFS_12);
+          break;
+        case 8:
+        default:
+          d = CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(VP9_HIGH_VAR_OFFS_8);
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  }
+
+  // Index for force_split: 0 for 64x64, 1-4 for 32x32 blocks,
+  // 5-20 for the 16x16 blocks.
+  force_split[0] = 0;
+  // Fill in the entire tree of 8x8 (or 4x4 under some conditions) variances
+  // for splits.
+  for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    const int x32_idx = ((i & 1) << 5);
+    const int y32_idx = ((i >> 1) << 5);
+    const int i2 = i << 2;
+    force_split[i + 1] = 0;
+    for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+      const int x16_idx = x32_idx + ((j & 1) << 4);
+      const int y16_idx = y32_idx + ((j >> 1) << 4);
+      const int split_index = 5 + i2 + j;
+      v16x16 *vst = &vt.split[i].split[j];
+      force_split[split_index] = 0;
+      variance4x4downsample[i2 + j] = 0;
+      if (!is_key_frame) {
+        fill_variance_8x8avg(s, sp, d, dp, x16_idx, y16_idx, vst,
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+                            xd->cur_buf->flags,
+#endif
+                            pixels_wide,
+                            pixels_high,
+                            is_key_frame);
+        fill_variance_tree(&vt.split[i].split[j], BLOCK_16X16);
+        get_variance(&vt.split[i].split[j].part_variances.none);
+        if (vt.split[i].split[j].part_variances.none.variance >
+            thresholds[2]) {
+          // 16X16 variance is above threshold for split, so force split to 8x8
+          // for this 16x16 block (this also forces splits for upper levels).
+          force_split[split_index] = 1;
+          force_split[i + 1] = 1;
+          force_split[0] = 1;
+        } else if (vt.split[i].split[j].part_variances.none.variance >
+                   thresholds[1] &&
+                   !cyclic_refresh_segment_id_boosted(segment_id)) {
+          // We have some nominal amount of 16x16 variance (based on average),
+          // compute the minmax over the 8x8 sub-blocks, and if above threshold,
+          // force split to 8x8 block for this 16x16 block.
+          int minmax = compute_minmax_8x8(s, sp, d, dp, x16_idx, y16_idx,
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+                                          xd->cur_buf->flags,
+#endif
+                                          pixels_wide, pixels_high);
+          if (minmax > cpi->vbp_threshold_minmax) {
+            force_split[split_index] = 1;
+            force_split[i + 1] = 1;
+            force_split[0] = 1;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      // TODO(marpan): There is an issue with variance based on 4x4 average in
+      // svc mode, don't allow it for now.
+      if (is_key_frame || (low_res && !cpi->use_svc &&
+          vt.split[i].split[j].part_variances.none.variance >
+          (thresholds[1] << 1))) {
+        force_split[split_index] = 0;
+        // Go down to 4x4 down-sampling for variance.
+        variance4x4downsample[i2 + j] = 1;
+        for (k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+          int x8_idx = x16_idx + ((k & 1) << 3);
+          int y8_idx = y16_idx + ((k >> 1) << 3);
+          v8x8 *vst2 = is_key_frame ? &vst->split[k] :
+              &vt2[i2 + j].split[k];
+          fill_variance_4x4avg(s, sp, d, dp, x8_idx, y8_idx, vst2,
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+                               xd->cur_buf->flags,
+#endif
+                               pixels_wide,
+                               pixels_high,
+                               is_key_frame);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Fill the rest of the variance tree by summing split partition values.
+  for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    const int i2 = i << 2;
+    for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+      if (variance4x4downsample[i2 + j] == 1) {
+        v16x16 *vtemp = (!is_key_frame) ? &vt2[i2 + j] :
+            &vt.split[i].split[j];
+        for (m = 0; m < 4; m++)
+          fill_variance_tree(&vtemp->split[m], BLOCK_8X8);
+        fill_variance_tree(vtemp, BLOCK_16X16);
+      }
+    }
+    fill_variance_tree(&vt.split[i], BLOCK_32X32);
+    // If variance of this 32x32 block is above the threshold, force the block
+    // to split. This also forces a split on the upper (64x64) level.
+    if (!force_split[i + 1]) {
+      get_variance(&vt.split[i].part_variances.none);
+      if (vt.split[i].part_variances.none.variance > thresholds[1]) {
+        force_split[i + 1] = 1;
+        force_split[0] = 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (!force_split[0]) {
+    fill_variance_tree(&vt, BLOCK_64X64);
+    get_variance(&vt.part_variances.none);
+  }
+
+  // Now go through the entire structure, splitting every block size until
+  // we get to one that's got a variance lower than our threshold.
+  if ( mi_col + 8 > cm->mi_cols || mi_row + 8 > cm->mi_rows ||
+      !set_vt_partitioning(cpi, xd, &vt, BLOCK_64X64, mi_row, mi_col,
+                           thresholds[0], BLOCK_16X16, force_split[0])) {
+    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+      const int x32_idx = ((i & 1) << 2);
+      const int y32_idx = ((i >> 1) << 2);
+      const int i2 = i << 2;
+      if (!set_vt_partitioning(cpi, xd, &vt.split[i], BLOCK_32X32,
+                               (mi_row + y32_idx), (mi_col + x32_idx),
+                               thresholds[1], BLOCK_16X16,
+                               force_split[i + 1])) {
+        for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
+          const int x16_idx = ((j & 1) << 1);
+          const int y16_idx = ((j >> 1) << 1);
+          // For inter frames: if variance4x4downsample[] == 1 for this 16x16
+          // block, then the variance is based on 4x4 down-sampling, so use vt2
+          // in set_vt_partioning(), otherwise use vt.
+          v16x16 *vtemp = (!is_key_frame &&
+                           variance4x4downsample[i2 + j] == 1) ?
+                           &vt2[i2 + j] : &vt.split[i].split[j];
+          if (!set_vt_partitioning(cpi, xd, vtemp, BLOCK_16X16,
+                                   mi_row + y32_idx + y16_idx,
+                                   mi_col + x32_idx + x16_idx,
+                                   thresholds[2],
+                                   cpi->vbp_bsize_min,
+                                   force_split[5 + i2  + j])) {
+            for (k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
+              const int x8_idx = (k & 1);
+              const int y8_idx = (k >> 1);
+              if (use_4x4_partition) {
+                if (!set_vt_partitioning(cpi, xd, &vtemp->split[k],
+                                         BLOCK_8X8,
+                                         mi_row + y32_idx + y16_idx + y8_idx,
+                                         mi_col + x32_idx + x16_idx + x8_idx,
+                                         thresholds[3], BLOCK_8X8, 0)) {
+                  set_block_size(cpi, xd,
+                                 (mi_row + y32_idx + y16_idx + y8_idx),
+                                 (mi_col + x32_idx + x16_idx + x8_idx),
+                                 BLOCK_4X4);
+                }
+              } else {
+                set_block_size(cpi, xd,
+                               (mi_row + y32_idx + y16_idx + y8_idx),
+                               (mi_col + x32_idx + x16_idx + x8_idx),
+                               BLOCK_8X8);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void update_state(VP9_COMP *cpi, ThreadData *td,
+                         PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx,
+                         int mi_row, int mi_col, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                         int output_enabled) {
+  int i, x_idx, y;
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  RD_COUNTS *const rdc = &td->rd_counts;
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = &td->mb;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  struct macroblock_plane *const p = x->plane;
+  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = xd->plane;
+  MODE_INFO *mi = &ctx->mic;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  MODE_INFO *mi_addr = xd->mi[0];
+  const struct segmentation *const seg = &cm->seg;
+  const int bw = num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[mi->mbmi.sb_type];
+  const int bh = num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[mi->mbmi.sb_type];
+  const int x_mis = MIN(bw, cm->mi_cols - mi_col);
+  const int y_mis = MIN(bh, cm->mi_rows - mi_row);
+  MV_REF *const frame_mvs =
+      cm->cur_frame->mvs + mi_row * cm->mi_cols + mi_col;
+  int w, h;
+
+  const int mis = cm->mi_stride;
+  const int mi_width = num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+  const int mi_height = num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+  int max_plane;
+
+  assert(mi->mbmi.sb_type == bsize);
+
+  *mi_addr = *mi;
+
+  // If segmentation in use
+  if (seg->enabled) {
+    // For in frame complexity AQ copy the segment id from the segment map.
+    if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == COMPLEXITY_AQ) {
+      const uint8_t *const map = seg->update_map ? cpi->segmentation_map
+                                                 : cm->last_frame_seg_map;
+      mi_addr->mbmi.segment_id =
+        vp9_get_segment_id(cm, map, bsize, mi_row, mi_col);
+    }
+    // Else for cyclic refresh mode update the segment map, set the segment id
+    // and then update the quantizer.
+    if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == CYCLIC_REFRESH_AQ) {
+      vp9_cyclic_refresh_update_segment(cpi, &xd->mi[0]->mbmi, mi_row,
+                                        mi_col, bsize, ctx->rate, ctx->dist,
+                                        x->skip);
+    }
+  }
+
+  max_plane = is_inter_block(mbmi) ? MAX_MB_PLANE : 1;
+  for (i = 0; i < max_plane; ++i) {
+    p[i].coeff = ctx->coeff_pbuf[i][1];
+    p[i].qcoeff = ctx->qcoeff_pbuf[i][1];
+    pd[i].dqcoeff = ctx->dqcoeff_pbuf[i][1];
+    p[i].eobs = ctx->eobs_pbuf[i][1];
+  }
+
+  for (i = max_plane; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++i) {
+    p[i].coeff = ctx->coeff_pbuf[i][2];
+    p[i].qcoeff = ctx->qcoeff_pbuf[i][2];
+    pd[i].dqcoeff = ctx->dqcoeff_pbuf[i][2];
+    p[i].eobs = ctx->eobs_pbuf[i][2];
+  }
+
+  // Restore the coding context of the MB to that that was in place
+  // when the mode was picked for it
+  for (y = 0; y < mi_height; y++)
+    for (x_idx = 0; x_idx < mi_width; x_idx++)
+      if ((xd->mb_to_right_edge >> (3 + MI_SIZE_LOG2)) + mi_width > x_idx
+        && (xd->mb_to_bottom_edge >> (3 + MI_SIZE_LOG2)) + mi_height > y) {
+        xd->mi[x_idx + y * mis] = mi_addr;
+      }
+
+  if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode)
+    vp9_init_plane_quantizers(cpi, x);
+
+  // FIXME(rbultje) I'm pretty sure this should go to the end of this block
+  // (i.e. after the output_enabled)
+  if (bsize < BLOCK_32X32) {
+    if (bsize < BLOCK_16X16)
+      ctx->tx_rd_diff[ALLOW_16X16] = ctx->tx_rd_diff[ALLOW_8X8];
+    ctx->tx_rd_diff[ALLOW_32X32] = ctx->tx_rd_diff[ALLOW_16X16];
+  }
+
+  if (is_inter_block(mbmi) && mbmi->sb_type < BLOCK_8X8) {
+    mbmi->mv[0].as_int = mi->bmi[3].as_mv[0].as_int;
+    mbmi->mv[1].as_int = mi->bmi[3].as_mv[1].as_int;
+  }
+
+  x->skip = ctx->skip;
+  memcpy(x->zcoeff_blk[mbmi->tx_size], ctx->zcoeff_blk,
+         sizeof(uint8_t) * ctx->num_4x4_blk);
+
+  if (!output_enabled)
+    return;
+
+  if (!vp9_segfeature_active(&cm->seg, mbmi->segment_id, SEG_LVL_SKIP)) {
+    for (i = 0; i < TX_MODES; i++)
+      rdc->tx_select_diff[i] += ctx->tx_rd_diff[i];
+  }
+
+#if CONFIG_INTERNAL_STATS
+  if (frame_is_intra_only(cm)) {
+    static const int kf_mode_index[] = {
+      THR_DC        /*DC_PRED*/,
+      THR_V_PRED    /*V_PRED*/,
+      THR_H_PRED    /*H_PRED*/,
+      THR_D45_PRED  /*D45_PRED*/,
+      THR_D135_PRED /*D135_PRED*/,
+      THR_D117_PRED /*D117_PRED*/,
+      THR_D153_PRED /*D153_PRED*/,
+      THR_D207_PRED /*D207_PRED*/,
+      THR_D63_PRED  /*D63_PRED*/,
+      THR_TM        /*TM_PRED*/,
+    };
+    ++cpi->mode_chosen_counts[kf_mode_index[mbmi->mode]];
+  } else {
+    // Note how often each mode chosen as best
+    ++cpi->mode_chosen_counts[ctx->best_mode_index];
+  }
+#endif
+  if (!frame_is_intra_only(cm)) {
+    if (is_inter_block(mbmi)) {
+      vp9_update_mv_count(td);
+
+      if (cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE) {
+        const int ctx = vp9_get_pred_context_switchable_interp(xd);
+        ++td->counts->switchable_interp[ctx][mbmi->interp_filter];
+      }
+    }
+
+    rdc->comp_pred_diff[SINGLE_REFERENCE] += ctx->single_pred_diff;
+    rdc->comp_pred_diff[COMPOUND_REFERENCE] += ctx->comp_pred_diff;
+    rdc->comp_pred_diff[REFERENCE_MODE_SELECT] += ctx->hybrid_pred_diff;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < SWITCHABLE_FILTER_CONTEXTS; ++i)
+      rdc->filter_diff[i] += ctx->best_filter_diff[i];
+  }
+
+  for (h = 0; h < y_mis; ++h) {
+    MV_REF *const frame_mv = frame_mvs + h * cm->mi_cols;
+    for (w = 0; w < x_mis; ++w) {
+      MV_REF *const mv = frame_mv + w;
+      mv->ref_frame[0] = mi->mbmi.ref_frame[0];
+      mv->ref_frame[1] = mi->mbmi.ref_frame[1];
+      mv->mv[0].as_int = mi->mbmi.mv[0].as_int;
+      mv->mv[1].as_int = mi->mbmi.mv[1].as_int;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void vp9_setup_src_planes(MACROBLOCK *x, const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *src,
+                          int mi_row, int mi_col) {
+  uint8_t *const buffers[3] = {src->y_buffer, src->u_buffer, src->v_buffer };
+  const int strides[3] = {src->y_stride, src->uv_stride, src->uv_stride };
+  int i;
+
+  // Set current frame pointer.
+  x->e_mbd.cur_buf = src;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++)
+    setup_pred_plane(&x->plane[i].src, buffers[i], strides[i], mi_row, mi_col,
+                     NULL, x->e_mbd.plane[i].subsampling_x,
+                     x->e_mbd.plane[i].subsampling_y);
+}
+
+static void set_mode_info_seg_skip(MACROBLOCK *x, TX_MODE tx_mode,
+                                   RD_COST *rd_cost, BLOCK_SIZE bsize) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  INTERP_FILTER filter_ref;
+
+  if (xd->up_available)
+    filter_ref = xd->mi[-xd->mi_stride]->mbmi.interp_filter;
+  else if (xd->left_available)
+    filter_ref = xd->mi[-1]->mbmi.interp_filter;
+  else
+    filter_ref = EIGHTTAP;
+
+  mbmi->sb_type = bsize;
+  mbmi->mode = ZEROMV;
+  mbmi->tx_size = MIN(max_txsize_lookup[bsize],
+                      tx_mode_to_biggest_tx_size[tx_mode]);
+  mbmi->skip = 1;
+  mbmi->uv_mode = DC_PRED;
+  mbmi->ref_frame[0] = LAST_FRAME;
+  mbmi->ref_frame[1] = NONE;
+  mbmi->mv[0].as_int = 0;
+  mbmi->interp_filter = filter_ref;
+
+  xd->mi[0]->bmi[0].as_mv[0].as_int = 0;
+  x->skip = 1;
+
+  vp9_rd_cost_init(rd_cost);
+}
+
+static int set_segment_rdmult(VP9_COMP *const cpi,
+                               MACROBLOCK *const x,
+                               int8_t segment_id) {
+  int segment_qindex;
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  vp9_init_plane_quantizers(cpi, x);
+  vp9_clear_system_state();
+  segment_qindex = vp9_get_qindex(&cm->seg, segment_id,
+                                  cm->base_qindex);
+  return vp9_compute_rd_mult(cpi, segment_qindex + cm->y_dc_delta_q);
+}
+
+static void rd_pick_sb_modes(VP9_COMP *cpi,
+                             TileDataEnc *tile_data,
+                             MACROBLOCK *const x,
+                             int mi_row, int mi_col, RD_COST *rd_cost,
+                             BLOCK_SIZE bsize, PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx,
+                             int64_t best_rd) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  TileInfo *const tile_info = &tile_data->tile_info;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi;
+  struct macroblock_plane *const p = x->plane;
+  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = xd->plane;
+  const AQ_MODE aq_mode = cpi->oxcf.aq_mode;
+  int i, orig_rdmult;
+
+  vp9_clear_system_state();
+
+  // Use the lower precision, but faster, 32x32 fdct for mode selection.
+  x->use_lp32x32fdct = 1;
+
+  set_offsets(cpi, tile_info, x, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+  mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  mbmi->sb_type = bsize;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++i) {
+    p[i].coeff = ctx->coeff_pbuf[i][0];
+    p[i].qcoeff = ctx->qcoeff_pbuf[i][0];
+    pd[i].dqcoeff = ctx->dqcoeff_pbuf[i][0];
+    p[i].eobs = ctx->eobs_pbuf[i][0];
+  }
+  ctx->is_coded = 0;
+  ctx->skippable = 0;
+  ctx->pred_pixel_ready = 0;
+  x->skip_recode = 0;
+
+  // Set to zero to make sure we do not use the previous encoded frame stats
+  mbmi->skip = 0;
+
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+    x->source_variance =
+        vp9_high_get_sby_perpixel_variance(cpi, &x->plane[0].src,
+                                           bsize, xd->bd);
+  } else {
+    x->source_variance =
+      vp9_get_sby_perpixel_variance(cpi, &x->plane[0].src, bsize);
+  }
+#else
+  x->source_variance =
+    vp9_get_sby_perpixel_variance(cpi, &x->plane[0].src, bsize);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+  // Save rdmult before it might be changed, so it can be restored later.
+  orig_rdmult = x->rdmult;
+
+  if (aq_mode == VARIANCE_AQ) {
+    const int energy = bsize <= BLOCK_16X16 ? x->mb_energy
+                                            : vp9_block_energy(cpi, x, bsize);
+    if (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME ||
+        cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame ||
+        (cpi->refresh_golden_frame && !cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref)) {
+      mbmi->segment_id = vp9_vaq_segment_id(energy);
+    } else {
+      const uint8_t *const map = cm->seg.update_map ? cpi->segmentation_map
+                                                    : cm->last_frame_seg_map;
+      mbmi->segment_id = vp9_get_segment_id(cm, map, bsize, mi_row, mi_col);
+    }
+    x->rdmult = set_segment_rdmult(cpi, x, mbmi->segment_id);
+  } else if (aq_mode == COMPLEXITY_AQ) {
+    x->rdmult = set_segment_rdmult(cpi, x, mbmi->segment_id);
+  } else if (aq_mode == CYCLIC_REFRESH_AQ) {
+    const uint8_t *const map = cm->seg.update_map ? cpi->segmentation_map
+                                                  : cm->last_frame_seg_map;
+    // If segment is boosted, use rdmult for that segment.
+    if (cyclic_refresh_segment_id_boosted(
+            vp9_get_segment_id(cm, map, bsize, mi_row, mi_col)))
+      x->rdmult = vp9_cyclic_refresh_get_rdmult(cpi->cyclic_refresh);
+  }
+
+  // Find best coding mode & reconstruct the MB so it is available
+  // as a predictor for MBs that follow in the SB
+  if (frame_is_intra_only(cm)) {
+    vp9_rd_pick_intra_mode_sb(cpi, x, rd_cost, bsize, ctx, best_rd);
+  } else {
+    if (bsize >= BLOCK_8X8) {
+      if (vp9_segfeature_active(&cm->seg, mbmi->segment_id, SEG_LVL_SKIP))
+        vp9_rd_pick_inter_mode_sb_seg_skip(cpi, tile_data, x, rd_cost, bsize,
+                                           ctx, best_rd);
+      else
+        vp9_rd_pick_inter_mode_sb(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col,
+                                  rd_cost, bsize, ctx, best_rd);
+    } else {
+      vp9_rd_pick_inter_mode_sub8x8(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col,
+                                    rd_cost, bsize, ctx, best_rd);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  // Examine the resulting rate and for AQ mode 2 make a segment choice.
+  if ((rd_cost->rate != INT_MAX) &&
+      (aq_mode == COMPLEXITY_AQ) && (bsize >= BLOCK_16X16) &&
+      (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME ||
+       cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame ||
+       (cpi->refresh_golden_frame && !cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref))) {
+    vp9_caq_select_segment(cpi, x, bsize, mi_row, mi_col, rd_cost->rate);
+  }
+
+  x->rdmult = orig_rdmult;
+
+  // TODO(jingning) The rate-distortion optimization flow needs to be
+  // refactored to provide proper exit/return handle.
+  if (rd_cost->rate == INT_MAX)
+    rd_cost->rdcost = INT64_MAX;
+
+  ctx->rate = rd_cost->rate;
+  ctx->dist = rd_cost->dist;
+}
+
+static void update_stats(VP9_COMMON *cm, ThreadData *td) {
+  const MACROBLOCK *x = &td->mb;
+  const MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const MODE_INFO *const mi = xd->mi[0];
+  const MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &mi->mbmi;
+  const BLOCK_SIZE bsize = mbmi->sb_type;
+
+  if (!frame_is_intra_only(cm)) {
+    FRAME_COUNTS *const counts = td->counts;
+    const int inter_block = is_inter_block(mbmi);
+    const int seg_ref_active = vp9_segfeature_active(&cm->seg, mbmi->segment_id,
+                                                     SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME);
+    if (!seg_ref_active) {
+      counts->intra_inter[vp9_get_intra_inter_context(xd)][inter_block]++;
+      // If the segment reference feature is enabled we have only a single
+      // reference frame allowed for the segment so exclude it from
+      // the reference frame counts used to work out probabilities.
+      if (inter_block) {
+        const MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref0 = mbmi->ref_frame[0];
+        if (cm->reference_mode == REFERENCE_MODE_SELECT)
+          counts->comp_inter[vp9_get_reference_mode_context(cm, xd)]
+                            [has_second_ref(mbmi)]++;
+
+        if (has_second_ref(mbmi)) {
+          counts->comp_ref[vp9_get_pred_context_comp_ref_p(cm, xd)]
+                          [ref0 == GOLDEN_FRAME]++;
+        } else {
+          counts->single_ref[vp9_get_pred_context_single_ref_p1(xd)][0]
+                            [ref0 != LAST_FRAME]++;
+          if (ref0 != LAST_FRAME)
+            counts->single_ref[vp9_get_pred_context_single_ref_p2(xd)][1]
+                              [ref0 != GOLDEN_FRAME]++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (inter_block &&
+        !vp9_segfeature_active(&cm->seg, mbmi->segment_id, SEG_LVL_SKIP)) {
+      const int mode_ctx = mbmi->mode_context[mbmi->ref_frame[0]];
+      if (bsize >= BLOCK_8X8) {
+        const PREDICTION_MODE mode = mbmi->mode;
+        ++counts->inter_mode[mode_ctx][INTER_OFFSET(mode)];
+      } else {
+        const int num_4x4_w = num_4x4_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+        const int num_4x4_h = num_4x4_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+        int idx, idy;
+        for (idy = 0; idy < 2; idy += num_4x4_h) {
+          for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx += num_4x4_w) {
+            const int j = idy * 2 + idx;
+            const PREDICTION_MODE b_mode = mi->bmi[j].as_mode;
+            ++counts->inter_mode[mode_ctx][INTER_OFFSET(b_mode)];
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void restore_context(MACROBLOCK *const x, int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                            ENTROPY_CONTEXT a[16 * MAX_MB_PLANE],
+                            ENTROPY_CONTEXT l[16 * MAX_MB_PLANE],
+                            PARTITION_CONTEXT sa[8], PARTITION_CONTEXT sl[8],
+                            BLOCK_SIZE bsize) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  int p;
+  const int num_4x4_blocks_wide = num_4x4_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+  const int num_4x4_blocks_high = num_4x4_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+  int mi_width = num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+  int mi_height = num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+  for (p = 0; p < MAX_MB_PLANE; p++) {
+    memcpy(
+        xd->above_context[p] + ((mi_col * 2) >> xd->plane[p].subsampling_x),
+        a + num_4x4_blocks_wide * p,
+        (sizeof(ENTROPY_CONTEXT) * num_4x4_blocks_wide) >>
+        xd->plane[p].subsampling_x);
+    memcpy(
+        xd->left_context[p]
+            + ((mi_row & MI_MASK) * 2 >> xd->plane[p].subsampling_y),
+        l + num_4x4_blocks_high * p,
+        (sizeof(ENTROPY_CONTEXT) * num_4x4_blocks_high) >>
+        xd->plane[p].subsampling_y);
+  }
+  memcpy(xd->above_seg_context + mi_col, sa,
+         sizeof(*xd->above_seg_context) * mi_width);
+  memcpy(xd->left_seg_context + (mi_row & MI_MASK), sl,
+         sizeof(xd->left_seg_context[0]) * mi_height);
+}
+
+static void save_context(MACROBLOCK *const x, int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                         ENTROPY_CONTEXT a[16 * MAX_MB_PLANE],
+                         ENTROPY_CONTEXT l[16 * MAX_MB_PLANE],
+                         PARTITION_CONTEXT sa[8], PARTITION_CONTEXT sl[8],
+                         BLOCK_SIZE bsize) {
+  const MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  int p;
+  const int num_4x4_blocks_wide = num_4x4_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+  const int num_4x4_blocks_high = num_4x4_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+  int mi_width = num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+  int mi_height = num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+
+  // buffer the above/left context information of the block in search.
+  for (p = 0; p < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++p) {
+    memcpy(
+        a + num_4x4_blocks_wide * p,
+        xd->above_context[p] + (mi_col * 2 >> xd->plane[p].subsampling_x),
+        (sizeof(ENTROPY_CONTEXT) * num_4x4_blocks_wide) >>
+        xd->plane[p].subsampling_x);
+    memcpy(
+        l + num_4x4_blocks_high * p,
+        xd->left_context[p]
+            + ((mi_row & MI_MASK) * 2 >> xd->plane[p].subsampling_y),
+        (sizeof(ENTROPY_CONTEXT) * num_4x4_blocks_high) >>
+        xd->plane[p].subsampling_y);
+  }
+  memcpy(sa, xd->above_seg_context + mi_col,
+         sizeof(*xd->above_seg_context) * mi_width);
+  memcpy(sl, xd->left_seg_context + (mi_row & MI_MASK),
+         sizeof(xd->left_seg_context[0]) * mi_height);
+}
+
+static void encode_b(VP9_COMP *cpi, const TileInfo *const tile,
+                     ThreadData *td,
+                     TOKENEXTRA **tp, int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                     int output_enabled, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                     PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx) {
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = &td->mb;
+  set_offsets(cpi, tile, x, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+  update_state(cpi, td, ctx, mi_row, mi_col, bsize, output_enabled);
+  encode_superblock(cpi, td, tp, output_enabled, mi_row, mi_col, bsize, ctx);
+
+  if (output_enabled) {
+    update_stats(&cpi->common, td);
+
+    (*tp)->token = EOSB_TOKEN;
+    (*tp)++;
+  }
+}
+
+static void encode_sb(VP9_COMP *cpi, ThreadData *td,
+                      const TileInfo *const tile,
+                      TOKENEXTRA **tp, int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                      int output_enabled, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                      PC_TREE *pc_tree) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = &td->mb;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+
+  const int bsl = b_width_log2_lookup[bsize], hbs = (1 << bsl) / 4;
+  int ctx;
+  PARTITION_TYPE partition;
+  BLOCK_SIZE subsize = bsize;
+
+  if (mi_row >= cm->mi_rows || mi_col >= cm->mi_cols)
+    return;
+
+  if (bsize >= BLOCK_8X8) {
+    ctx = partition_plane_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+    subsize = get_subsize(bsize, pc_tree->partitioning);
+  } else {
+    ctx = 0;
+    subsize = BLOCK_4X4;
+  }
+
+  partition = partition_lookup[bsl][subsize];
+  if (output_enabled && bsize != BLOCK_4X4)
+    td->counts->partition[ctx][partition]++;
+
+  switch (partition) {
+    case PARTITION_NONE:
+      encode_b(cpi, tile, td, tp, mi_row, mi_col, output_enabled, subsize,
+               &pc_tree->none);
+      break;
+    case PARTITION_VERT:
+      encode_b(cpi, tile, td, tp, mi_row, mi_col, output_enabled, subsize,
+               &pc_tree->vertical[0]);
+      if (mi_col + hbs < cm->mi_cols && bsize > BLOCK_8X8) {
+        encode_b(cpi, tile, td, tp, mi_row, mi_col + hbs, output_enabled,
+                 subsize, &pc_tree->vertical[1]);
+      }
+      break;
+    case PARTITION_HORZ:
+      encode_b(cpi, tile, td, tp, mi_row, mi_col, output_enabled, subsize,
+               &pc_tree->horizontal[0]);
+      if (mi_row + hbs < cm->mi_rows && bsize > BLOCK_8X8) {
+        encode_b(cpi, tile, td, tp, mi_row + hbs, mi_col, output_enabled,
+                 subsize, &pc_tree->horizontal[1]);
+      }
+      break;
+    case PARTITION_SPLIT:
+      if (bsize == BLOCK_8X8) {
+        encode_b(cpi, tile, td, tp, mi_row, mi_col, output_enabled, subsize,
+                 pc_tree->leaf_split[0]);
+      } else {
+        encode_sb(cpi, td, tile, tp, mi_row, mi_col, output_enabled, subsize,
+                  pc_tree->split[0]);
+        encode_sb(cpi, td, tile, tp, mi_row, mi_col + hbs, output_enabled,
+                  subsize, pc_tree->split[1]);
+        encode_sb(cpi, td, tile, tp, mi_row + hbs, mi_col, output_enabled,
+                  subsize, pc_tree->split[2]);
+        encode_sb(cpi, td, tile, tp, mi_row + hbs, mi_col + hbs, output_enabled,
+                  subsize, pc_tree->split[3]);
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      assert(0 && "Invalid partition type.");
+      break;
+  }
+
+  if (partition != PARTITION_SPLIT || bsize == BLOCK_8X8)
+    update_partition_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col, subsize, bsize);
+}
+
+// Check to see if the given partition size is allowed for a specified number
+// of 8x8 block rows and columns remaining in the image.
+// If not then return the largest allowed partition size
+static BLOCK_SIZE find_partition_size(BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                                      int rows_left, int cols_left,
+                                      int *bh, int *bw) {
+  if (rows_left <= 0 || cols_left <= 0) {
+    return MIN(bsize, BLOCK_8X8);
+  } else {
+    for (; bsize > 0; bsize -= 3) {
+      *bh = num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+      *bw = num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+      if ((*bh <= rows_left) && (*bw <= cols_left)) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return bsize;
+}
+
+static void set_partial_b64x64_partition(MODE_INFO *mi, int mis,
+    int bh_in, int bw_in, int row8x8_remaining, int col8x8_remaining,
+    BLOCK_SIZE bsize, MODE_INFO **mi_8x8) {
+  int bh = bh_in;
+  int r, c;
+  for (r = 0; r < MI_BLOCK_SIZE; r += bh) {
+    int bw = bw_in;
+    for (c = 0; c < MI_BLOCK_SIZE; c += bw) {
+      const int index = r * mis + c;
+      mi_8x8[index] = mi + index;
+      mi_8x8[index]->mbmi.sb_type = find_partition_size(bsize,
+          row8x8_remaining - r, col8x8_remaining - c, &bh, &bw);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// This function attempts to set all mode info entries in a given SB64
+// to the same block partition size.
+// However, at the bottom and right borders of the image the requested size
+// may not be allowed in which case this code attempts to choose the largest
+// allowable partition.
+static void set_fixed_partitioning(VP9_COMP *cpi, const TileInfo *const tile,
+                                   MODE_INFO **mi_8x8, int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                                   BLOCK_SIZE bsize) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  const int mis = cm->mi_stride;
+  const int row8x8_remaining = tile->mi_row_end - mi_row;
+  const int col8x8_remaining = tile->mi_col_end - mi_col;
+  int block_row, block_col;
+  MODE_INFO *mi_upper_left = cm->mi + mi_row * mis + mi_col;
+  int bh = num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+  int bw = num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+
+  assert((row8x8_remaining > 0) && (col8x8_remaining > 0));
+
+  // Apply the requested partition size to the SB64 if it is all "in image"
+  if ((col8x8_remaining >= MI_BLOCK_SIZE) &&
+      (row8x8_remaining >= MI_BLOCK_SIZE)) {
+    for (block_row = 0; block_row < MI_BLOCK_SIZE; block_row += bh) {
+      for (block_col = 0; block_col < MI_BLOCK_SIZE; block_col += bw) {
+        int index = block_row * mis + block_col;
+        mi_8x8[index] = mi_upper_left + index;
+        mi_8x8[index]->mbmi.sb_type = bsize;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Else this is a partial SB64.
+    set_partial_b64x64_partition(mi_upper_left, mis, bh, bw, row8x8_remaining,
+        col8x8_remaining, bsize, mi_8x8);
+  }
+}
+
+const struct {
+  int row;
+  int col;
+} coord_lookup[16] = {
+    // 32x32 index = 0
+    {0, 0}, {0, 2}, {2, 0}, {2, 2},
+    // 32x32 index = 1
+    {0, 4}, {0, 6}, {2, 4}, {2, 6},
+    // 32x32 index = 2
+    {4, 0}, {4, 2}, {6, 0}, {6, 2},
+    // 32x32 index = 3
+    {4, 4}, {4, 6}, {6, 4}, {6, 6},
+};
+
+static void set_source_var_based_partition(VP9_COMP *cpi,
+                                           const TileInfo *const tile,
+                                           MACROBLOCK *const x,
+                                           MODE_INFO **mi_8x8,
+                                           int mi_row, int mi_col) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  const int mis = cm->mi_stride;
+  const int row8x8_remaining = tile->mi_row_end - mi_row;
+  const int col8x8_remaining = tile->mi_col_end - mi_col;
+  MODE_INFO *mi_upper_left = cm->mi + mi_row * mis + mi_col;
+
+  vp9_setup_src_planes(x, cpi->Source, mi_row, mi_col);
+
+  assert((row8x8_remaining > 0) && (col8x8_remaining > 0));
+
+  // In-image SB64
+  if ((col8x8_remaining >= MI_BLOCK_SIZE) &&
+      (row8x8_remaining >= MI_BLOCK_SIZE)) {
+    int i, j;
+    int index;
+    diff d32[4];
+    const int offset = (mi_row >> 1) * cm->mb_cols + (mi_col >> 1);
+    int is_larger_better = 0;
+    int use32x32 = 0;
+    unsigned int thr = cpi->source_var_thresh;
+
+    memset(d32, 0, 4 * sizeof(diff));
+
+    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+      diff *d16[4];
+
+      for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+        int b_mi_row = coord_lookup[i * 4 + j].row;
+        int b_mi_col = coord_lookup[i * 4 + j].col;
+        int boffset = b_mi_row / 2 * cm->mb_cols +
+                      b_mi_col / 2;
+
+        d16[j] = cpi->source_diff_var + offset + boffset;
+
+        index = b_mi_row * mis + b_mi_col;
+        mi_8x8[index] = mi_upper_left + index;
+        mi_8x8[index]->mbmi.sb_type = BLOCK_16X16;
+
+        // TODO(yunqingwang): If d16[j].var is very large, use 8x8 partition
+        // size to further improve quality.
+      }
+
+      is_larger_better = (d16[0]->var < thr) && (d16[1]->var < thr) &&
+          (d16[2]->var < thr) && (d16[3]->var < thr);
+
+      // Use 32x32 partition
+      if (is_larger_better) {
+        use32x32 += 1;
+
+        for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+          d32[i].sse += d16[j]->sse;
+          d32[i].sum += d16[j]->sum;
+        }
+
+        d32[i].var = d32[i].sse - (((int64_t)d32[i].sum * d32[i].sum) >> 10);
+
+        index = coord_lookup[i*4].row * mis + coord_lookup[i*4].col;
+        mi_8x8[index] = mi_upper_left + index;
+        mi_8x8[index]->mbmi.sb_type = BLOCK_32X32;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (use32x32 == 4) {
+      thr <<= 1;
+      is_larger_better = (d32[0].var < thr) && (d32[1].var < thr) &&
+          (d32[2].var < thr) && (d32[3].var < thr);
+
+      // Use 64x64 partition
+      if (is_larger_better) {
+        mi_8x8[0] = mi_upper_left;
+        mi_8x8[0]->mbmi.sb_type = BLOCK_64X64;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {   // partial in-image SB64
+    int bh = num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[BLOCK_16X16];
+    int bw = num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[BLOCK_16X16];
+    set_partial_b64x64_partition(mi_upper_left, mis, bh, bw,
+        row8x8_remaining, col8x8_remaining, BLOCK_16X16, mi_8x8);
+  }
+}
+
+static void update_state_rt(VP9_COMP *cpi, ThreadData *td,
+                            PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx,
+                            int mi_row, int mi_col, int bsize) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = &td->mb;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MODE_INFO *const mi = xd->mi[0];
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  const struct segmentation *const seg = &cm->seg;
+  const int bw = num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[mi->mbmi.sb_type];
+  const int bh = num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[mi->mbmi.sb_type];
+  const int x_mis = MIN(bw, cm->mi_cols - mi_col);
+  const int y_mis = MIN(bh, cm->mi_rows - mi_row);
+
+  *(xd->mi[0]) = ctx->mic;
+
+  if (seg->enabled && cpi->oxcf.aq_mode) {
+    // For in frame complexity AQ or variance AQ, copy segment_id from
+    // segmentation_map.
+    if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == COMPLEXITY_AQ ||
+        cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == VARIANCE_AQ ) {
+      const uint8_t *const map = seg->update_map ? cpi->segmentation_map
+                                                 : cm->last_frame_seg_map;
+      mbmi->segment_id = vp9_get_segment_id(cm, map, bsize, mi_row, mi_col);
+    } else {
+    // Setting segmentation map for cyclic_refresh.
+      vp9_cyclic_refresh_update_segment(cpi, mbmi, mi_row, mi_col, bsize,
+                                        ctx->rate, ctx->dist, x->skip);
+    }
+    vp9_init_plane_quantizers(cpi, x);
+  }
+
+  if (is_inter_block(mbmi)) {
+    vp9_update_mv_count(td);
+    if (cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE) {
+      const int pred_ctx = vp9_get_pred_context_switchable_interp(xd);
+      ++td->counts->switchable_interp[pred_ctx][mbmi->interp_filter];
+    }
+
+    if (mbmi->sb_type < BLOCK_8X8) {
+      mbmi->mv[0].as_int = mi->bmi[3].as_mv[0].as_int;
+      mbmi->mv[1].as_int = mi->bmi[3].as_mv[1].as_int;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (cm->use_prev_frame_mvs) {
+    MV_REF *const frame_mvs =
+        cm->cur_frame->mvs + mi_row * cm->mi_cols + mi_col;
+    int w, h;
+
+    for (h = 0; h < y_mis; ++h) {
+      MV_REF *const frame_mv = frame_mvs + h * cm->mi_cols;
+      for (w = 0; w < x_mis; ++w) {
+        MV_REF *const mv = frame_mv + w;
+        mv->ref_frame[0] = mi->mbmi.ref_frame[0];
+        mv->ref_frame[1] = mi->mbmi.ref_frame[1];
+        mv->mv[0].as_int = mi->mbmi.mv[0].as_int;
+        mv->mv[1].as_int = mi->mbmi.mv[1].as_int;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  x->skip = ctx->skip;
+  x->skip_txfm[0] = mbmi->segment_id ? 0 : ctx->skip_txfm[0];
+}
+
+static void encode_b_rt(VP9_COMP *cpi, ThreadData *td,
+                        const TileInfo *const tile,
+                        TOKENEXTRA **tp, int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                        int output_enabled, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                        PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx) {
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = &td->mb;
+  set_offsets(cpi, tile, x, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+  update_state_rt(cpi, td, ctx, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+
+#if CONFIG_VP9_TEMPORAL_DENOISING
+  if (cpi->oxcf.noise_sensitivity > 0 && output_enabled &&
+      cpi->common.frame_type != KEY_FRAME) {
+    vp9_denoiser_denoise(&cpi->denoiser, x, mi_row, mi_col,
+                         MAX(BLOCK_8X8, bsize), ctx);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  encode_superblock(cpi, td, tp, output_enabled, mi_row, mi_col, bsize, ctx);
+  update_stats(&cpi->common, td);
+
+  (*tp)->token = EOSB_TOKEN;
+  (*tp)++;
+}
+
+static void encode_sb_rt(VP9_COMP *cpi, ThreadData *td,
+                         const TileInfo *const tile,
+                         TOKENEXTRA **tp, int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                         int output_enabled, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                         PC_TREE *pc_tree) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = &td->mb;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+
+  const int bsl = b_width_log2_lookup[bsize], hbs = (1 << bsl) / 4;
+  int ctx;
+  PARTITION_TYPE partition;
+  BLOCK_SIZE subsize;
+
+  if (mi_row >= cm->mi_rows || mi_col >= cm->mi_cols)
+    return;
+
+  if (bsize >= BLOCK_8X8) {
+    const int idx_str = xd->mi_stride * mi_row + mi_col;
+    MODE_INFO ** mi_8x8 = cm->mi_grid_visible + idx_str;
+    ctx = partition_plane_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+    subsize = mi_8x8[0]->mbmi.sb_type;
+  } else {
+    ctx = 0;
+    subsize = BLOCK_4X4;
+  }
+
+  partition = partition_lookup[bsl][subsize];
+  if (output_enabled && bsize != BLOCK_4X4)
+    td->counts->partition[ctx][partition]++;
+
+  switch (partition) {
+    case PARTITION_NONE:
+      encode_b_rt(cpi, td, tile, tp, mi_row, mi_col, output_enabled, subsize,
+                  &pc_tree->none);
+      break;
+    case PARTITION_VERT:
+      encode_b_rt(cpi, td, tile, tp, mi_row, mi_col, output_enabled, subsize,
+                  &pc_tree->vertical[0]);
+      if (mi_col + hbs < cm->mi_cols && bsize > BLOCK_8X8) {
+        encode_b_rt(cpi, td, tile, tp, mi_row, mi_col + hbs, output_enabled,
+                    subsize, &pc_tree->vertical[1]);
+      }
+      break;
+    case PARTITION_HORZ:
+      encode_b_rt(cpi, td, tile, tp, mi_row, mi_col, output_enabled, subsize,
+                  &pc_tree->horizontal[0]);
+      if (mi_row + hbs < cm->mi_rows && bsize > BLOCK_8X8) {
+        encode_b_rt(cpi, td, tile, tp, mi_row + hbs, mi_col, output_enabled,
+                    subsize, &pc_tree->horizontal[1]);
+      }
+      break;
+    case PARTITION_SPLIT:
+      subsize = get_subsize(bsize, PARTITION_SPLIT);
+      encode_sb_rt(cpi, td, tile, tp, mi_row, mi_col, output_enabled, subsize,
+                   pc_tree->split[0]);
+      encode_sb_rt(cpi, td, tile, tp, mi_row, mi_col + hbs, output_enabled,
+                   subsize, pc_tree->split[1]);
+      encode_sb_rt(cpi, td, tile, tp, mi_row + hbs, mi_col, output_enabled,
+                   subsize, pc_tree->split[2]);
+      encode_sb_rt(cpi, td, tile, tp, mi_row + hbs, mi_col + hbs,
+                   output_enabled, subsize, pc_tree->split[3]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      assert(0 && "Invalid partition type.");
+      break;
+  }
+
+  if (partition != PARTITION_SPLIT || bsize == BLOCK_8X8)
+    update_partition_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col, subsize, bsize);
+}
+
+static void rd_use_partition(VP9_COMP *cpi,
+                             ThreadData *td,
+                             TileDataEnc *tile_data,
+                             MODE_INFO **mi_8x8, TOKENEXTRA **tp,
+                             int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                             BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                             int *rate, int64_t *dist,
+                             int do_recon, PC_TREE *pc_tree) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  TileInfo *const tile_info = &tile_data->tile_info;
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = &td->mb;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const int mis = cm->mi_stride;
+  const int bsl = b_width_log2_lookup[bsize];
+  const int mi_step = num_4x4_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize] / 2;
+  const int bss = (1 << bsl) / 4;
+  int i, pl;
+  PARTITION_TYPE partition = PARTITION_NONE;
+  BLOCK_SIZE subsize;
+  ENTROPY_CONTEXT l[16 * MAX_MB_PLANE], a[16 * MAX_MB_PLANE];
+  PARTITION_CONTEXT sl[8], sa[8];
+  RD_COST last_part_rdc, none_rdc, chosen_rdc;
+  BLOCK_SIZE sub_subsize = BLOCK_4X4;
+  int splits_below = 0;
+  BLOCK_SIZE bs_type = mi_8x8[0]->mbmi.sb_type;
+  int do_partition_search = 1;
+  PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx = &pc_tree->none;
+
+  if (mi_row >= cm->mi_rows || mi_col >= cm->mi_cols)
+    return;
+
+  assert(num_4x4_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize] ==
+         num_4x4_blocks_high_lookup[bsize]);
+
+  vp9_rd_cost_reset(&last_part_rdc);
+  vp9_rd_cost_reset(&none_rdc);
+  vp9_rd_cost_reset(&chosen_rdc);
+
+  partition = partition_lookup[bsl][bs_type];
+  subsize = get_subsize(bsize, partition);
+
+  pc_tree->partitioning = partition;
+  save_context(x, mi_row, mi_col, a, l, sa, sl, bsize);
+
+  if (bsize == BLOCK_16X16 && cpi->oxcf.aq_mode) {
+    set_offsets(cpi, tile_info, x, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+    x->mb_energy = vp9_block_energy(cpi, x, bsize);
+  }
+
+  if (do_partition_search &&
+      cpi->sf.partition_search_type == SEARCH_PARTITION &&
+      cpi->sf.adjust_partitioning_from_last_frame) {
+    // Check if any of the sub blocks are further split.
+    if (partition == PARTITION_SPLIT && subsize > BLOCK_8X8) {
+      sub_subsize = get_subsize(subsize, PARTITION_SPLIT);
+      splits_below = 1;
+      for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        int jj = i >> 1, ii = i & 0x01;
+        MODE_INFO *this_mi = mi_8x8[jj * bss * mis + ii * bss];
+        if (this_mi && this_mi->mbmi.sb_type >= sub_subsize) {
+          splits_below = 0;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // If partition is not none try none unless each of the 4 splits are split
+    // even further..
+    if (partition != PARTITION_NONE && !splits_below &&
+        mi_row + (mi_step >> 1) < cm->mi_rows &&
+        mi_col + (mi_step >> 1) < cm->mi_cols) {
+      pc_tree->partitioning = PARTITION_NONE;
+      rd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col, &none_rdc, bsize,
+                       ctx, INT64_MAX);
+
+      pl = partition_plane_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+
+      if (none_rdc.rate < INT_MAX) {
+        none_rdc.rate += cpi->partition_cost[pl][PARTITION_NONE];
+        none_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, none_rdc.rate,
+                                 none_rdc.dist);
+      }
+
+      restore_context(x, mi_row, mi_col, a, l, sa, sl, bsize);
+      mi_8x8[0]->mbmi.sb_type = bs_type;
+      pc_tree->partitioning = partition;
+    }
+  }
+
+  switch (partition) {
+    case PARTITION_NONE:
+      rd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col, &last_part_rdc,
+                       bsize, ctx, INT64_MAX);
+      break;
+    case PARTITION_HORZ:
+      rd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col, &last_part_rdc,
+                       subsize, &pc_tree->horizontal[0],
+                       INT64_MAX);
+      if (last_part_rdc.rate != INT_MAX &&
+          bsize >= BLOCK_8X8 && mi_row + (mi_step >> 1) < cm->mi_rows) {
+        RD_COST tmp_rdc;
+        PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx = &pc_tree->horizontal[0];
+        vp9_rd_cost_init(&tmp_rdc);
+        update_state(cpi, td, ctx, mi_row, mi_col, subsize, 0);
+        encode_superblock(cpi, td, tp, 0, mi_row, mi_col, subsize, ctx);
+        rd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x,
+                         mi_row + (mi_step >> 1), mi_col, &tmp_rdc,
+                         subsize, &pc_tree->horizontal[1], INT64_MAX);
+        if (tmp_rdc.rate == INT_MAX || tmp_rdc.dist == INT64_MAX) {
+          vp9_rd_cost_reset(&last_part_rdc);
+          break;
+        }
+        last_part_rdc.rate += tmp_rdc.rate;
+        last_part_rdc.dist += tmp_rdc.dist;
+        last_part_rdc.rdcost += tmp_rdc.rdcost;
+      }
+      break;
+    case PARTITION_VERT:
+      rd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col, &last_part_rdc,
+                       subsize, &pc_tree->vertical[0], INT64_MAX);
+      if (last_part_rdc.rate != INT_MAX &&
+          bsize >= BLOCK_8X8 && mi_col + (mi_step >> 1) < cm->mi_cols) {
+        RD_COST tmp_rdc;
+        PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx = &pc_tree->vertical[0];
+        vp9_rd_cost_init(&tmp_rdc);
+        update_state(cpi, td, ctx, mi_row, mi_col, subsize, 0);
+        encode_superblock(cpi, td, tp, 0, mi_row, mi_col, subsize, ctx);
+        rd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x,
+                         mi_row, mi_col + (mi_step >> 1), &tmp_rdc,
+                         subsize, &pc_tree->vertical[bsize > BLOCK_8X8],
+                         INT64_MAX);
+        if (tmp_rdc.rate == INT_MAX || tmp_rdc.dist == INT64_MAX) {
+          vp9_rd_cost_reset(&last_part_rdc);
+          break;
+        }
+        last_part_rdc.rate += tmp_rdc.rate;
+        last_part_rdc.dist += tmp_rdc.dist;
+        last_part_rdc.rdcost += tmp_rdc.rdcost;
+      }
+      break;
+    case PARTITION_SPLIT:
+      if (bsize == BLOCK_8X8) {
+        rd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col, &last_part_rdc,
+                         subsize, pc_tree->leaf_split[0], INT64_MAX);
+        break;
+      }
+      last_part_rdc.rate = 0;
+      last_part_rdc.dist = 0;
+      last_part_rdc.rdcost = 0;
+      for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        int x_idx = (i & 1) * (mi_step >> 1);
+        int y_idx = (i >> 1) * (mi_step >> 1);
+        int jj = i >> 1, ii = i & 0x01;
+        RD_COST tmp_rdc;
+        if ((mi_row + y_idx >= cm->mi_rows) || (mi_col + x_idx >= cm->mi_cols))
+          continue;
+
+        vp9_rd_cost_init(&tmp_rdc);
+        rd_use_partition(cpi, td, tile_data,
+                         mi_8x8 + jj * bss * mis + ii * bss, tp,
+                         mi_row + y_idx, mi_col + x_idx, subsize,
+                         &tmp_rdc.rate, &tmp_rdc.dist,
+                         i != 3, pc_tree->split[i]);
+        if (tmp_rdc.rate == INT_MAX || tmp_rdc.dist == INT64_MAX) {
+          vp9_rd_cost_reset(&last_part_rdc);
+          break;
+        }
+        last_part_rdc.rate += tmp_rdc.rate;
+        last_part_rdc.dist += tmp_rdc.dist;
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      assert(0);
+      break;
+  }
+
+  pl = partition_plane_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+  if (last_part_rdc.rate < INT_MAX) {
+    last_part_rdc.rate += cpi->partition_cost[pl][partition];
+    last_part_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                                  last_part_rdc.rate, last_part_rdc.dist);
+  }
+
+  if (do_partition_search
+      && cpi->sf.adjust_partitioning_from_last_frame
+      && cpi->sf.partition_search_type == SEARCH_PARTITION
+      && partition != PARTITION_SPLIT && bsize > BLOCK_8X8
+      && (mi_row + mi_step < cm->mi_rows ||
+          mi_row + (mi_step >> 1) == cm->mi_rows)
+      && (mi_col + mi_step < cm->mi_cols ||
+          mi_col + (mi_step >> 1) == cm->mi_cols)) {
+    BLOCK_SIZE split_subsize = get_subsize(bsize, PARTITION_SPLIT);
+    chosen_rdc.rate = 0;
+    chosen_rdc.dist = 0;
+    restore_context(x, mi_row, mi_col, a, l, sa, sl, bsize);
+    pc_tree->partitioning = PARTITION_SPLIT;
+
+    // Split partition.
+    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+      int x_idx = (i & 1) * (mi_step >> 1);
+      int y_idx = (i >> 1) * (mi_step >> 1);
+      RD_COST tmp_rdc;
+      ENTROPY_CONTEXT l[16 * MAX_MB_PLANE], a[16 * MAX_MB_PLANE];
+      PARTITION_CONTEXT sl[8], sa[8];
+
+      if ((mi_row + y_idx >= cm->mi_rows) || (mi_col + x_idx >= cm->mi_cols))
+        continue;
+
+      save_context(x, mi_row, mi_col, a, l, sa, sl, bsize);
+      pc_tree->split[i]->partitioning = PARTITION_NONE;
+      rd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x,
+                       mi_row + y_idx, mi_col + x_idx, &tmp_rdc,
+                       split_subsize, &pc_tree->split[i]->none, INT64_MAX);
+
+      restore_context(x, mi_row, mi_col, a, l, sa, sl, bsize);
+
+      if (tmp_rdc.rate == INT_MAX || tmp_rdc.dist == INT64_MAX) {
+        vp9_rd_cost_reset(&chosen_rdc);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      chosen_rdc.rate += tmp_rdc.rate;
+      chosen_rdc.dist += tmp_rdc.dist;
+
+      if (i != 3)
+        encode_sb(cpi, td, tile_info, tp,  mi_row + y_idx, mi_col + x_idx, 0,
+                  split_subsize, pc_tree->split[i]);
+
+      pl = partition_plane_context(xd, mi_row + y_idx, mi_col + x_idx,
+                                   split_subsize);
+      chosen_rdc.rate += cpi->partition_cost[pl][PARTITION_NONE];
+    }
+    pl = partition_plane_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+    if (chosen_rdc.rate < INT_MAX) {
+      chosen_rdc.rate += cpi->partition_cost[pl][PARTITION_SPLIT];
+      chosen_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                                 chosen_rdc.rate, chosen_rdc.dist);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If last_part is better set the partitioning to that.
+  if (last_part_rdc.rdcost < chosen_rdc.rdcost) {
+    mi_8x8[0]->mbmi.sb_type = bsize;
+    if (bsize >= BLOCK_8X8)
+      pc_tree->partitioning = partition;
+    chosen_rdc = last_part_rdc;
+  }
+  // If none was better set the partitioning to that.
+  if (none_rdc.rdcost < chosen_rdc.rdcost) {
+    if (bsize >= BLOCK_8X8)
+      pc_tree->partitioning = PARTITION_NONE;
+    chosen_rdc = none_rdc;
+  }
+
+  restore_context(x, mi_row, mi_col, a, l, sa, sl, bsize);
+
+  // We must have chosen a partitioning and encoding or we'll fail later on.
+  // No other opportunities for success.
+  if (bsize == BLOCK_64X64)
+    assert(chosen_rdc.rate < INT_MAX && chosen_rdc.dist < INT64_MAX);
+
+  if (do_recon) {
+    int output_enabled = (bsize == BLOCK_64X64);
+    encode_sb(cpi, td, tile_info, tp, mi_row, mi_col, output_enabled, bsize,
+              pc_tree);
+  }
+
+  *rate = chosen_rdc.rate;
+  *dist = chosen_rdc.dist;
+}
+
+static const BLOCK_SIZE min_partition_size[BLOCK_SIZES] = {
+  BLOCK_4X4,   BLOCK_4X4,   BLOCK_4X4,
+  BLOCK_4X4,   BLOCK_4X4,   BLOCK_4X4,
+  BLOCK_8X8,   BLOCK_8X8,   BLOCK_8X8,
+  BLOCK_16X16, BLOCK_16X16, BLOCK_16X16,
+  BLOCK_16X16
+};
+
+static const BLOCK_SIZE max_partition_size[BLOCK_SIZES] = {
+  BLOCK_8X8,   BLOCK_16X16, BLOCK_16X16,
+  BLOCK_16X16, BLOCK_32X32, BLOCK_32X32,
+  BLOCK_32X32, BLOCK_64X64, BLOCK_64X64,
+  BLOCK_64X64, BLOCK_64X64, BLOCK_64X64,
+  BLOCK_64X64
+};
+
+// Look at all the mode_info entries for blocks that are part of this
+// partition and find the min and max values for sb_type.
+// At the moment this is designed to work on a 64x64 SB but could be
+// adjusted to use a size parameter.
+//
+// The min and max are assumed to have been initialized prior to calling this
+// function so repeat calls can accumulate a min and max of more than one sb64.
+static void get_sb_partition_size_range(MACROBLOCKD *xd, MODE_INFO **mi_8x8,
+                                        BLOCK_SIZE *min_block_size,
+                                        BLOCK_SIZE *max_block_size,
+                                        int bs_hist[BLOCK_SIZES]) {
+  int sb_width_in_blocks = MI_BLOCK_SIZE;
+  int sb_height_in_blocks  = MI_BLOCK_SIZE;
+  int i, j;
+  int index = 0;
+
+  // Check the sb_type for each block that belongs to this region.
+  for (i = 0; i < sb_height_in_blocks; ++i) {
+    for (j = 0; j < sb_width_in_blocks; ++j) {
+      MODE_INFO *mi = mi_8x8[index+j];
+      BLOCK_SIZE sb_type = mi ? mi->mbmi.sb_type : 0;
+      bs_hist[sb_type]++;
+      *min_block_size = MIN(*min_block_size, sb_type);
+      *max_block_size = MAX(*max_block_size, sb_type);
+    }
+    index += xd->mi_stride;
+  }
+}
+
+// Next square block size less or equal than current block size.
+static const BLOCK_SIZE next_square_size[BLOCK_SIZES] = {
+  BLOCK_4X4, BLOCK_4X4, BLOCK_4X4,
+  BLOCK_8X8, BLOCK_8X8, BLOCK_8X8,
+  BLOCK_16X16, BLOCK_16X16, BLOCK_16X16,
+  BLOCK_32X32, BLOCK_32X32, BLOCK_32X32,
+  BLOCK_64X64
+};
+
+// Look at neighboring blocks and set a min and max partition size based on
+// what they chose.
+static void rd_auto_partition_range(VP9_COMP *cpi, const TileInfo *const tile,
+                                    MACROBLOCKD *const xd,
+                                    int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                                    BLOCK_SIZE *min_block_size,
+                                    BLOCK_SIZE *max_block_size) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MODE_INFO **mi = xd->mi;
+  const int left_in_image = xd->left_available && mi[-1];
+  const int above_in_image = xd->up_available && mi[-xd->mi_stride];
+  const int row8x8_remaining = tile->mi_row_end - mi_row;
+  const int col8x8_remaining = tile->mi_col_end - mi_col;
+  int bh, bw;
+  BLOCK_SIZE min_size = BLOCK_4X4;
+  BLOCK_SIZE max_size = BLOCK_64X64;
+  int bs_hist[BLOCK_SIZES] = {0};
+
+  // Trap case where we do not have a prediction.
+  if (left_in_image || above_in_image || cm->frame_type != KEY_FRAME) {
+    // Default "min to max" and "max to min"
+    min_size = BLOCK_64X64;
+    max_size = BLOCK_4X4;
+
+    // NOTE: each call to get_sb_partition_size_range() uses the previous
+    // passed in values for min and max as a starting point.
+    // Find the min and max partition used in previous frame at this location
+    if (cm->frame_type != KEY_FRAME) {
+      MODE_INFO **prev_mi =
+          &cm->prev_mi_grid_visible[mi_row * xd->mi_stride + mi_col];
+      get_sb_partition_size_range(xd, prev_mi, &min_size, &max_size, bs_hist);
+    }
+    // Find the min and max partition sizes used in the left SB64
+    if (left_in_image) {
+      MODE_INFO **left_sb64_mi = &mi[-MI_BLOCK_SIZE];
+      get_sb_partition_size_range(xd, left_sb64_mi, &min_size, &max_size,
+                                  bs_hist);
+    }
+    // Find the min and max partition sizes used in the above SB64.
+    if (above_in_image) {
+      MODE_INFO **above_sb64_mi = &mi[-xd->mi_stride * MI_BLOCK_SIZE];
+      get_sb_partition_size_range(xd, above_sb64_mi, &min_size, &max_size,
+                                  bs_hist);
+    }
+
+    // Adjust observed min and max for "relaxed" auto partition case.
+    if (cpi->sf.auto_min_max_partition_size == RELAXED_NEIGHBORING_MIN_MAX) {
+      min_size = min_partition_size[min_size];
+      max_size = max_partition_size[max_size];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Check border cases where max and min from neighbors may not be legal.
+  max_size = find_partition_size(max_size,
+                                 row8x8_remaining, col8x8_remaining,
+                                 &bh, &bw);
+  min_size = MIN(cpi->sf.rd_auto_partition_min_limit, MIN(min_size, max_size));
+
+  // When use_square_partition_only is true, make sure at least one square
+  // partition is allowed by selecting the next smaller square size as
+  // *min_block_size.
+  if (cpi->sf.use_square_partition_only &&
+      next_square_size[max_size] < min_size) {
+     min_size = next_square_size[max_size];
+  }
+
+  *min_block_size = min_size;
+  *max_block_size = max_size;
+}
+
+static void auto_partition_range(VP9_COMP *cpi, const TileInfo *const tile,
+                                 MACROBLOCKD *const xd,
+                                 int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                                 BLOCK_SIZE *min_block_size,
+                                 BLOCK_SIZE *max_block_size) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MODE_INFO **mi_8x8 = xd->mi;
+  const int left_in_image = xd->left_available && mi_8x8[-1];
+  const int above_in_image = xd->up_available && mi_8x8[-xd->mi_stride];
+  int row8x8_remaining = tile->mi_row_end - mi_row;
+  int col8x8_remaining = tile->mi_col_end - mi_col;
+  int bh, bw;
+  BLOCK_SIZE min_size = BLOCK_32X32;
+  BLOCK_SIZE max_size = BLOCK_8X8;
+  int bsl = mi_width_log2_lookup[BLOCK_64X64];
+  const int search_range_ctrl = (((mi_row + mi_col) >> bsl) +
+                       get_chessboard_index(cm->current_video_frame)) & 0x1;
+  // Trap case where we do not have a prediction.
+  if (search_range_ctrl &&
+      (left_in_image || above_in_image || cm->frame_type != KEY_FRAME)) {
+    int block;
+    MODE_INFO **mi;
+    BLOCK_SIZE sb_type;
+
+    // Find the min and max partition sizes used in the left SB64.
+    if (left_in_image) {
+      MODE_INFO *cur_mi;
+      mi = &mi_8x8[-1];
+      for (block = 0; block < MI_BLOCK_SIZE; ++block) {
+        cur_mi = mi[block * xd->mi_stride];
+        sb_type = cur_mi ? cur_mi->mbmi.sb_type : 0;
+        min_size = MIN(min_size, sb_type);
+        max_size = MAX(max_size, sb_type);
+      }
+    }
+    // Find the min and max partition sizes used in the above SB64.
+    if (above_in_image) {
+      mi = &mi_8x8[-xd->mi_stride * MI_BLOCK_SIZE];
+      for (block = 0; block < MI_BLOCK_SIZE; ++block) {
+        sb_type = mi[block] ? mi[block]->mbmi.sb_type : 0;
+        min_size = MIN(min_size, sb_type);
+        max_size = MAX(max_size, sb_type);
+      }
+    }
+
+    min_size = min_partition_size[min_size];
+    max_size = find_partition_size(max_size, row8x8_remaining, col8x8_remaining,
+                                   &bh, &bw);
+    min_size = MIN(min_size, max_size);
+    min_size = MAX(min_size, BLOCK_8X8);
+    max_size = MIN(max_size, BLOCK_32X32);
+  } else {
+    min_size = BLOCK_8X8;
+    max_size = BLOCK_32X32;
+  }
+
+  *min_block_size = min_size;
+  *max_block_size = max_size;
+}
+
+// TODO(jingning) refactor functions setting partition search range
+static void set_partition_range(VP9_COMMON *cm, MACROBLOCKD *xd,
+                                int mi_row, int mi_col, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                                BLOCK_SIZE *min_bs, BLOCK_SIZE *max_bs) {
+  int mi_width  = num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+  int mi_height = num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+  int idx, idy;
+
+  MODE_INFO *mi;
+  const int idx_str = cm->mi_stride * mi_row + mi_col;
+  MODE_INFO **prev_mi = &cm->prev_mi_grid_visible[idx_str];
+  BLOCK_SIZE bs, min_size, max_size;
+
+  min_size = BLOCK_64X64;
+  max_size = BLOCK_4X4;
+
+  if (prev_mi) {
+    for (idy = 0; idy < mi_height; ++idy) {
+      for (idx = 0; idx < mi_width; ++idx) {
+        mi = prev_mi[idy * cm->mi_stride + idx];
+        bs = mi ? mi->mbmi.sb_type : bsize;
+        min_size = MIN(min_size, bs);
+        max_size = MAX(max_size, bs);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (xd->left_available) {
+    for (idy = 0; idy < mi_height; ++idy) {
+      mi = xd->mi[idy * cm->mi_stride - 1];
+      bs = mi ? mi->mbmi.sb_type : bsize;
+      min_size = MIN(min_size, bs);
+      max_size = MAX(max_size, bs);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (xd->up_available) {
+    for (idx = 0; idx < mi_width; ++idx) {
+      mi = xd->mi[idx - cm->mi_stride];
+      bs = mi ? mi->mbmi.sb_type : bsize;
+      min_size = MIN(min_size, bs);
+      max_size = MAX(max_size, bs);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (min_size == max_size) {
+    min_size = min_partition_size[min_size];
+    max_size = max_partition_size[max_size];
+  }
+
+  *min_bs = min_size;
+  *max_bs = max_size;
+}
+
+static INLINE void store_pred_mv(MACROBLOCK *x, PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx) {
+  memcpy(ctx->pred_mv, x->pred_mv, sizeof(x->pred_mv));
+}
+
+static INLINE void load_pred_mv(MACROBLOCK *x, PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx) {
+  memcpy(x->pred_mv, ctx->pred_mv, sizeof(x->pred_mv));
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
+const int num_16x16_blocks_wide_lookup[BLOCK_SIZES] =
+  {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4};
+const int num_16x16_blocks_high_lookup[BLOCK_SIZES] =
+  {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 4, 2, 4};
+const int qindex_skip_threshold_lookup[BLOCK_SIZES] =
+  {0, 10, 10, 30, 40, 40, 60, 80, 80, 90, 100, 100, 120};
+const int qindex_split_threshold_lookup[BLOCK_SIZES] =
+  {0, 3, 3, 7, 15, 15, 30, 40, 40, 60, 80, 80, 120};
+const int complexity_16x16_blocks_threshold[BLOCK_SIZES] =
+  {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 6};
+
+typedef enum {
+  MV_ZERO = 0,
+  MV_LEFT = 1,
+  MV_UP = 2,
+  MV_RIGHT = 3,
+  MV_DOWN = 4,
+  MV_INVALID
+} MOTION_DIRECTION;
+
+static INLINE MOTION_DIRECTION get_motion_direction_fp(uint8_t fp_byte) {
+  if (fp_byte & FPMB_MOTION_ZERO_MASK) {
+    return MV_ZERO;
+  } else if (fp_byte & FPMB_MOTION_LEFT_MASK) {
+    return MV_LEFT;
+  } else if (fp_byte & FPMB_MOTION_RIGHT_MASK) {
+    return MV_RIGHT;
+  } else if (fp_byte & FPMB_MOTION_UP_MASK) {
+    return MV_UP;
+  } else {
+    return MV_DOWN;
+  }
+}
+
+static INLINE int get_motion_inconsistency(MOTION_DIRECTION this_mv,
+                                           MOTION_DIRECTION that_mv) {
+  if (this_mv == that_mv) {
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    return abs(this_mv - that_mv) == 2 ? 2 : 1;
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+// TODO(jingning,jimbankoski,rbultje): properly skip partition types that are
+// unlikely to be selected depending on previous rate-distortion optimization
+// results, for encoding speed-up.
+static void rd_pick_partition(VP9_COMP *cpi, ThreadData *td,
+                              TileDataEnc *tile_data,
+                              TOKENEXTRA **tp, int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                              BLOCK_SIZE bsize, RD_COST *rd_cost,
+                              int64_t best_rd, PC_TREE *pc_tree) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  TileInfo *const tile_info = &tile_data->tile_info;
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = &td->mb;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const int mi_step = num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize] / 2;
+  ENTROPY_CONTEXT l[16 * MAX_MB_PLANE], a[16 * MAX_MB_PLANE];
+  PARTITION_CONTEXT sl[8], sa[8];
+  TOKENEXTRA *tp_orig = *tp;
+  PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx = &pc_tree->none;
+  int i, pl;
+  BLOCK_SIZE subsize;
+  RD_COST this_rdc, sum_rdc, best_rdc;
+  int do_split = bsize >= BLOCK_8X8;
+  int do_rect = 1;
+
+  // Override skipping rectangular partition operations for edge blocks
+  const int force_horz_split = (mi_row + mi_step >= cm->mi_rows);
+  const int force_vert_split = (mi_col + mi_step >= cm->mi_cols);
+  const int xss = x->e_mbd.plane[1].subsampling_x;
+  const int yss = x->e_mbd.plane[1].subsampling_y;
+
+  BLOCK_SIZE min_size = x->min_partition_size;
+  BLOCK_SIZE max_size = x->max_partition_size;
+
+#if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
+  unsigned int src_diff_var = UINT_MAX;
+  int none_complexity = 0;
+#endif
+
+  int partition_none_allowed = !force_horz_split && !force_vert_split;
+  int partition_horz_allowed = !force_vert_split && yss <= xss &&
+                               bsize >= BLOCK_8X8;
+  int partition_vert_allowed = !force_horz_split && xss <= yss &&
+                               bsize >= BLOCK_8X8;
+  (void) *tp_orig;
+
+  assert(num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize] ==
+             num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[bsize]);
+
+  vp9_rd_cost_init(&this_rdc);
+  vp9_rd_cost_init(&sum_rdc);
+  vp9_rd_cost_reset(&best_rdc);
+  best_rdc.rdcost = best_rd;
+
+  set_offsets(cpi, tile_info, x, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+
+  if (bsize == BLOCK_16X16 && cpi->oxcf.aq_mode)
+    x->mb_energy = vp9_block_energy(cpi, x, bsize);
+
+  if (cpi->sf.cb_partition_search && bsize == BLOCK_16X16) {
+    int cb_partition_search_ctrl = ((pc_tree->index == 0 || pc_tree->index == 3)
+        + get_chessboard_index(cm->current_video_frame)) & 0x1;
+
+    if (cb_partition_search_ctrl && bsize > min_size && bsize < max_size)
+      set_partition_range(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize, &min_size, &max_size);
+  }
+
+  // Determine partition types in search according to the speed features.
+  // The threshold set here has to be of square block size.
+  if (cpi->sf.auto_min_max_partition_size) {
+    partition_none_allowed &= (bsize <= max_size && bsize >= min_size);
+    partition_horz_allowed &= ((bsize <= max_size && bsize > min_size) ||
+                                force_horz_split);
+    partition_vert_allowed &= ((bsize <= max_size && bsize > min_size) ||
+                                force_vert_split);
+    do_split &= bsize > min_size;
+  }
+  if (cpi->sf.use_square_partition_only) {
+    partition_horz_allowed &= force_horz_split;
+    partition_vert_allowed &= force_vert_split;
+  }
+
+  save_context(x, mi_row, mi_col, a, l, sa, sl, bsize);
+
+#if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
+  if (cpi->use_fp_mb_stats) {
+    set_offsets(cpi, tile_info, x, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+    src_diff_var = get_sby_perpixel_diff_variance(cpi, &x->plane[0].src,
+                                                  mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+  }
+#endif
+
+#if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
+  // Decide whether we shall split directly and skip searching NONE by using
+  // the first pass block statistics
+  if (cpi->use_fp_mb_stats && bsize >= BLOCK_32X32 && do_split &&
+      partition_none_allowed && src_diff_var > 4 &&
+      cm->base_qindex < qindex_split_threshold_lookup[bsize]) {
+    int mb_row = mi_row >> 1;
+    int mb_col = mi_col >> 1;
+    int mb_row_end =
+        MIN(mb_row + num_16x16_blocks_high_lookup[bsize], cm->mb_rows);
+    int mb_col_end =
+        MIN(mb_col + num_16x16_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize], cm->mb_cols);
+    int r, c;
+
+    // compute a complexity measure, basically measure inconsistency of motion
+    // vectors obtained from the first pass in the current block
+    for (r = mb_row; r < mb_row_end ; r++) {
+      for (c = mb_col; c < mb_col_end; c++) {
+        const int mb_index = r * cm->mb_cols + c;
+
+        MOTION_DIRECTION this_mv;
+        MOTION_DIRECTION right_mv;
+        MOTION_DIRECTION bottom_mv;
+
+        this_mv =
+            get_motion_direction_fp(cpi->twopass.this_frame_mb_stats[mb_index]);
+
+        // to its right
+        if (c != mb_col_end - 1) {
+          right_mv = get_motion_direction_fp(
+              cpi->twopass.this_frame_mb_stats[mb_index + 1]);
+          none_complexity += get_motion_inconsistency(this_mv, right_mv);
+        }
+
+        // to its bottom
+        if (r != mb_row_end - 1) {
+          bottom_mv = get_motion_direction_fp(
+              cpi->twopass.this_frame_mb_stats[mb_index + cm->mb_cols]);
+          none_complexity += get_motion_inconsistency(this_mv, bottom_mv);
+        }
+
+        // do not count its left and top neighbors to avoid double counting
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (none_complexity > complexity_16x16_blocks_threshold[bsize]) {
+      partition_none_allowed = 0;
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
+  // PARTITION_NONE
+  if (partition_none_allowed) {
+    rd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col,
+                     &this_rdc, bsize, ctx, best_rdc.rdcost);
+    if (this_rdc.rate != INT_MAX) {
+      if (bsize >= BLOCK_8X8) {
+        pl = partition_plane_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+        this_rdc.rate += cpi->partition_cost[pl][PARTITION_NONE];
+        this_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                                 this_rdc.rate, this_rdc.dist);
+      }
+
+      if (this_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost) {
+        int64_t dist_breakout_thr = cpi->sf.partition_search_breakout_dist_thr;
+        int rate_breakout_thr = cpi->sf.partition_search_breakout_rate_thr;
+
+        best_rdc = this_rdc;
+        if (bsize >= BLOCK_8X8)
+          pc_tree->partitioning = PARTITION_NONE;
+
+        // Adjust dist breakout threshold according to the partition size.
+        dist_breakout_thr >>= 8 - (b_width_log2_lookup[bsize] +
+            b_height_log2_lookup[bsize]);
+
+        rate_breakout_thr *= num_pels_log2_lookup[bsize];
+
+        // If all y, u, v transform blocks in this partition are skippable, and
+        // the dist & rate are within the thresholds, the partition search is
+        // terminated for current branch of the partition search tree.
+        // The dist & rate thresholds are set to 0 at speed 0 to disable the
+        // early termination at that speed.
+        if (!x->e_mbd.lossless &&
+            (ctx->skippable && best_rdc.dist < dist_breakout_thr &&
+            best_rdc.rate < rate_breakout_thr)) {
+          do_split = 0;
+          do_rect = 0;
+        }
+
+#if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
+        // Check if every 16x16 first pass block statistics has zero
+        // motion and the corresponding first pass residue is small enough.
+        // If that is the case, check the difference variance between the
+        // current frame and the last frame. If the variance is small enough,
+        // stop further splitting in RD optimization
+        if (cpi->use_fp_mb_stats && do_split != 0 &&
+            cm->base_qindex > qindex_skip_threshold_lookup[bsize]) {
+          int mb_row = mi_row >> 1;
+          int mb_col = mi_col >> 1;
+          int mb_row_end =
+              MIN(mb_row + num_16x16_blocks_high_lookup[bsize], cm->mb_rows);
+          int mb_col_end =
+              MIN(mb_col + num_16x16_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize], cm->mb_cols);
+          int r, c;
+
+          int skip = 1;
+          for (r = mb_row; r < mb_row_end; r++) {
+            for (c = mb_col; c < mb_col_end; c++) {
+              const int mb_index = r * cm->mb_cols + c;
+              if (!(cpi->twopass.this_frame_mb_stats[mb_index] &
+                    FPMB_MOTION_ZERO_MASK) ||
+                  !(cpi->twopass.this_frame_mb_stats[mb_index] &
+                    FPMB_ERROR_SMALL_MASK)) {
+                skip = 0;
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+            if (skip == 0) {
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          if (skip) {
+            if (src_diff_var == UINT_MAX) {
+              set_offsets(cpi, tile_info, x, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+              src_diff_var = get_sby_perpixel_diff_variance(
+                  cpi, &x->plane[0].src, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+            }
+            if (src_diff_var < 8) {
+              do_split = 0;
+              do_rect = 0;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+#endif
+      }
+    }
+    restore_context(x, mi_row, mi_col, a, l, sa, sl, bsize);
+  }
+
+  // store estimated motion vector
+  if (cpi->sf.adaptive_motion_search)
+    store_pred_mv(x, ctx);
+
+  // PARTITION_SPLIT
+  // TODO(jingning): use the motion vectors given by the above search as
+  // the starting point of motion search in the following partition type check.
+  if (do_split) {
+    subsize = get_subsize(bsize, PARTITION_SPLIT);
+    if (bsize == BLOCK_8X8) {
+      i = 4;
+      if (cpi->sf.adaptive_pred_interp_filter && partition_none_allowed)
+        pc_tree->leaf_split[0]->pred_interp_filter =
+            ctx->mic.mbmi.interp_filter;
+      rd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col, &sum_rdc, subsize,
+                       pc_tree->leaf_split[0], best_rdc.rdcost);
+      if (sum_rdc.rate == INT_MAX)
+        sum_rdc.rdcost = INT64_MAX;
+    } else {
+      for (i = 0; i < 4 && sum_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost; ++i) {
+      const int x_idx = (i & 1) * mi_step;
+      const int y_idx = (i >> 1) * mi_step;
+
+        if (mi_row + y_idx >= cm->mi_rows || mi_col + x_idx >= cm->mi_cols)
+          continue;
+
+        if (cpi->sf.adaptive_motion_search)
+          load_pred_mv(x, ctx);
+
+        pc_tree->split[i]->index = i;
+        rd_pick_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, tp,
+                          mi_row + y_idx, mi_col + x_idx,
+                          subsize, &this_rdc,
+                          best_rdc.rdcost - sum_rdc.rdcost, pc_tree->split[i]);
+
+        if (this_rdc.rate == INT_MAX) {
+          sum_rdc.rdcost = INT64_MAX;
+          break;
+        } else {
+          sum_rdc.rate += this_rdc.rate;
+          sum_rdc.dist += this_rdc.dist;
+          sum_rdc.rdcost += this_rdc.rdcost;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (sum_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost && i == 4) {
+      pl = partition_plane_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+      sum_rdc.rate += cpi->partition_cost[pl][PARTITION_SPLIT];
+      sum_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                              sum_rdc.rate, sum_rdc.dist);
+
+      if (sum_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost) {
+        best_rdc = sum_rdc;
+        pc_tree->partitioning = PARTITION_SPLIT;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // skip rectangular partition test when larger block size
+      // gives better rd cost
+      if (cpi->sf.less_rectangular_check)
+        do_rect &= !partition_none_allowed;
+    }
+    restore_context(x, mi_row, mi_col, a, l, sa, sl, bsize);
+  }
+
+  // PARTITION_HORZ
+  if (partition_horz_allowed && do_rect) {
+    subsize = get_subsize(bsize, PARTITION_HORZ);
+    if (cpi->sf.adaptive_motion_search)
+      load_pred_mv(x, ctx);
+    if (cpi->sf.adaptive_pred_interp_filter && bsize == BLOCK_8X8 &&
+        partition_none_allowed)
+      pc_tree->horizontal[0].pred_interp_filter =
+          ctx->mic.mbmi.interp_filter;
+    rd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col, &sum_rdc, subsize,
+                     &pc_tree->horizontal[0], best_rdc.rdcost);
+
+    if (sum_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost && mi_row + mi_step < cm->mi_rows &&
+        bsize > BLOCK_8X8) {
+      PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx = &pc_tree->horizontal[0];
+      update_state(cpi, td, ctx, mi_row, mi_col, subsize, 0);
+      encode_superblock(cpi, td, tp, 0, mi_row, mi_col, subsize, ctx);
+
+      if (cpi->sf.adaptive_motion_search)
+        load_pred_mv(x, ctx);
+      if (cpi->sf.adaptive_pred_interp_filter && bsize == BLOCK_8X8 &&
+          partition_none_allowed)
+        pc_tree->horizontal[1].pred_interp_filter =
+            ctx->mic.mbmi.interp_filter;
+      rd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row + mi_step, mi_col,
+                       &this_rdc, subsize, &pc_tree->horizontal[1],
+                       best_rdc.rdcost - sum_rdc.rdcost);
+      if (this_rdc.rate == INT_MAX) {
+        sum_rdc.rdcost = INT64_MAX;
+      } else {
+        sum_rdc.rate += this_rdc.rate;
+        sum_rdc.dist += this_rdc.dist;
+        sum_rdc.rdcost += this_rdc.rdcost;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (sum_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost) {
+      pl = partition_plane_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+      sum_rdc.rate += cpi->partition_cost[pl][PARTITION_HORZ];
+      sum_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, sum_rdc.rate, sum_rdc.dist);
+      if (sum_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost) {
+        best_rdc = sum_rdc;
+        pc_tree->partitioning = PARTITION_HORZ;
+      }
+    }
+    restore_context(x, mi_row, mi_col, a, l, sa, sl, bsize);
+  }
+  // PARTITION_VERT
+  if (partition_vert_allowed && do_rect) {
+    subsize = get_subsize(bsize, PARTITION_VERT);
+
+    if (cpi->sf.adaptive_motion_search)
+      load_pred_mv(x, ctx);
+    if (cpi->sf.adaptive_pred_interp_filter && bsize == BLOCK_8X8 &&
+        partition_none_allowed)
+      pc_tree->vertical[0].pred_interp_filter =
+          ctx->mic.mbmi.interp_filter;
+    rd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col, &sum_rdc, subsize,
+                     &pc_tree->vertical[0], best_rdc.rdcost);
+    if (sum_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost && mi_col + mi_step < cm->mi_cols &&
+        bsize > BLOCK_8X8) {
+      update_state(cpi, td, &pc_tree->vertical[0], mi_row, mi_col, subsize, 0);
+      encode_superblock(cpi, td, tp, 0, mi_row, mi_col, subsize,
+                        &pc_tree->vertical[0]);
+
+      if (cpi->sf.adaptive_motion_search)
+        load_pred_mv(x, ctx);
+      if (cpi->sf.adaptive_pred_interp_filter && bsize == BLOCK_8X8 &&
+          partition_none_allowed)
+        pc_tree->vertical[1].pred_interp_filter =
+            ctx->mic.mbmi.interp_filter;
+      rd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col + mi_step,
+                       &this_rdc, subsize,
+                       &pc_tree->vertical[1], best_rdc.rdcost - sum_rdc.rdcost);
+      if (this_rdc.rate == INT_MAX) {
+        sum_rdc.rdcost = INT64_MAX;
+      } else {
+        sum_rdc.rate += this_rdc.rate;
+        sum_rdc.dist += this_rdc.dist;
+        sum_rdc.rdcost += this_rdc.rdcost;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (sum_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost) {
+      pl = partition_plane_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+      sum_rdc.rate += cpi->partition_cost[pl][PARTITION_VERT];
+      sum_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                              sum_rdc.rate, sum_rdc.dist);
+      if (sum_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost) {
+        best_rdc = sum_rdc;
+        pc_tree->partitioning = PARTITION_VERT;
+      }
+    }
+    restore_context(x, mi_row, mi_col, a, l, sa, sl, bsize);
+  }
+
+  // TODO(jbb): This code added so that we avoid static analysis
+  // warning related to the fact that best_rd isn't used after this
+  // point.  This code should be refactored so that the duplicate
+  // checks occur in some sub function and thus are used...
+  (void) best_rd;
+  *rd_cost = best_rdc;
+
+
+  if (best_rdc.rate < INT_MAX && best_rdc.dist < INT64_MAX &&
+      pc_tree->index != 3) {
+    int output_enabled = (bsize == BLOCK_64X64);
+    encode_sb(cpi, td, tile_info, tp, mi_row, mi_col, output_enabled,
+              bsize, pc_tree);
+  }
+
+  if (bsize == BLOCK_64X64) {
+    assert(tp_orig < *tp);
+    assert(best_rdc.rate < INT_MAX);
+    assert(best_rdc.dist < INT64_MAX);
+  } else {
+    assert(tp_orig == *tp);
+  }
+}
+
+static void encode_rd_sb_row(VP9_COMP *cpi,
+                             ThreadData *td,
+                             TileDataEnc *tile_data,
+                             int mi_row,
+                             TOKENEXTRA **tp) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  TileInfo *const tile_info = &tile_data->tile_info;
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = &td->mb;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  SPEED_FEATURES *const sf = &cpi->sf;
+  int mi_col;
+
+  // Initialize the left context for the new SB row
+  memset(&xd->left_context, 0, sizeof(xd->left_context));
+  memset(xd->left_seg_context, 0, sizeof(xd->left_seg_context));
+
+  // Code each SB in the row
+  for (mi_col = tile_info->mi_col_start; mi_col < tile_info->mi_col_end;
+       mi_col += MI_BLOCK_SIZE) {
+    const struct segmentation *const seg = &cm->seg;
+    int dummy_rate;
+    int64_t dummy_dist;
+    RD_COST dummy_rdc;
+    int i;
+    int seg_skip = 0;
+
+    const int idx_str = cm->mi_stride * mi_row + mi_col;
+    MODE_INFO **mi = cm->mi_grid_visible + idx_str;
+
+    if (sf->adaptive_pred_interp_filter) {
+      for (i = 0; i < 64; ++i)
+        td->leaf_tree[i].pred_interp_filter = SWITCHABLE;
+
+      for (i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {
+        td->pc_tree[i].vertical[0].pred_interp_filter = SWITCHABLE;
+        td->pc_tree[i].vertical[1].pred_interp_filter = SWITCHABLE;
+        td->pc_tree[i].horizontal[0].pred_interp_filter = SWITCHABLE;
+        td->pc_tree[i].horizontal[1].pred_interp_filter = SWITCHABLE;
+      }
+    }
+
+    vp9_zero(x->pred_mv);
+    td->pc_root->index = 0;
+
+    if (seg->enabled) {
+      const uint8_t *const map = seg->update_map ? cpi->segmentation_map
+                                                 : cm->last_frame_seg_map;
+      int segment_id = vp9_get_segment_id(cm, map, BLOCK_64X64, mi_row, mi_col);
+      seg_skip = vp9_segfeature_active(seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_SKIP);
+    }
+
+    x->source_variance = UINT_MAX;
+    if (sf->partition_search_type == FIXED_PARTITION || seg_skip) {
+      const BLOCK_SIZE bsize =
+          seg_skip ? BLOCK_64X64 : sf->always_this_block_size;
+      set_offsets(cpi, tile_info, x, mi_row, mi_col, BLOCK_64X64);
+      set_fixed_partitioning(cpi, tile_info, mi, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+      rd_use_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, mi, tp, mi_row, mi_col,
+                       BLOCK_64X64, &dummy_rate, &dummy_dist, 1, td->pc_root);
+    } else if (cpi->partition_search_skippable_frame) {
+      BLOCK_SIZE bsize;
+      set_offsets(cpi, tile_info, x, mi_row, mi_col, BLOCK_64X64);
+      bsize = get_rd_var_based_fixed_partition(cpi, x, mi_row, mi_col);
+      set_fixed_partitioning(cpi, tile_info, mi, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+      rd_use_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, mi, tp, mi_row, mi_col,
+                       BLOCK_64X64, &dummy_rate, &dummy_dist, 1, td->pc_root);
+    } else if (sf->partition_search_type == VAR_BASED_PARTITION &&
+               cm->frame_type != KEY_FRAME) {
+      choose_partitioning(cpi, tile_info, x, mi_row, mi_col);
+      rd_use_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, mi, tp, mi_row, mi_col,
+                       BLOCK_64X64, &dummy_rate, &dummy_dist, 1, td->pc_root);
+    } else {
+      // If required set upper and lower partition size limits
+      if (sf->auto_min_max_partition_size) {
+        set_offsets(cpi, tile_info, x, mi_row, mi_col, BLOCK_64X64);
+        rd_auto_partition_range(cpi, tile_info, xd, mi_row, mi_col,
+                                &x->min_partition_size,
+                                &x->max_partition_size);
+      }
+      rd_pick_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, tp, mi_row, mi_col, BLOCK_64X64,
+                        &dummy_rdc, INT64_MAX, td->pc_root);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void init_encode_frame_mb_context(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->td.mb;
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const int aligned_mi_cols = mi_cols_aligned_to_sb(cm->mi_cols);
+
+  // Copy data over into macro block data structures.
+  vp9_setup_src_planes(x, cpi->Source, 0, 0);
+
+  vp9_setup_block_planes(&x->e_mbd, cm->subsampling_x, cm->subsampling_y);
+
+  // Note: this memset assumes above_context[0], [1] and [2]
+  // are allocated as part of the same buffer.
+  memset(xd->above_context[0], 0,
+         sizeof(*xd->above_context[0]) *
+         2 * aligned_mi_cols * MAX_MB_PLANE);
+  memset(xd->above_seg_context, 0,
+         sizeof(*xd->above_seg_context) * aligned_mi_cols);
+}
+
+static int check_dual_ref_flags(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
+  const int ref_flags = cpi->ref_frame_flags;
+
+  if (vp9_segfeature_active(&cpi->common.seg, 1, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME)) {
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    return (!!(ref_flags & VP9_GOLD_FLAG) + !!(ref_flags & VP9_LAST_FLAG)
+        + !!(ref_flags & VP9_ALT_FLAG)) >= 2;
+  }
+}
+
+static void reset_skip_tx_size(VP9_COMMON *cm, TX_SIZE max_tx_size) {
+  int mi_row, mi_col;
+  const int mis = cm->mi_stride;
+  MODE_INFO **mi_ptr = cm->mi_grid_visible;
+
+  for (mi_row = 0; mi_row < cm->mi_rows; ++mi_row, mi_ptr += mis) {
+    for (mi_col = 0; mi_col < cm->mi_cols; ++mi_col) {
+      if (mi_ptr[mi_col]->mbmi.tx_size > max_tx_size)
+        mi_ptr[mi_col]->mbmi.tx_size = max_tx_size;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static MV_REFERENCE_FRAME get_frame_type(const VP9_COMP *cpi) {
+  if (frame_is_intra_only(&cpi->common))
+    return INTRA_FRAME;
+  else if (cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref && cpi->refresh_golden_frame)
+    return ALTREF_FRAME;
+  else if (cpi->refresh_golden_frame || cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame)
+    return GOLDEN_FRAME;
+  else
+    return LAST_FRAME;
+}
+
+static TX_MODE select_tx_mode(const VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCKD *const xd) {
+  if (xd->lossless)
+    return ONLY_4X4;
+  if (cpi->common.frame_type == KEY_FRAME &&
+      cpi->sf.use_nonrd_pick_mode &&
+      cpi->sf.partition_search_type == VAR_BASED_PARTITION)
+    return ALLOW_16X16;
+  if (cpi->sf.tx_size_search_method == USE_LARGESTALL)
+    return ALLOW_32X32;
+  else if (cpi->sf.tx_size_search_method == USE_FULL_RD||
+           cpi->sf.tx_size_search_method == USE_TX_8X8)
+    return TX_MODE_SELECT;
+  else
+    return cpi->common.tx_mode;
+}
+
+static void hybrid_intra_mode_search(VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *const x,
+                                     RD_COST *rd_cost, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                                     PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx) {
+  if (bsize < BLOCK_16X16)
+    vp9_rd_pick_intra_mode_sb(cpi, x, rd_cost, bsize, ctx, INT64_MAX);
+  else
+    vp9_pick_intra_mode(cpi, x, rd_cost, bsize, ctx);
+}
+
+static void nonrd_pick_sb_modes(VP9_COMP *cpi,
+                                TileDataEnc *tile_data, MACROBLOCK *const x,
+                                int mi_row, int mi_col, RD_COST *rd_cost,
+                                BLOCK_SIZE bsize, PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  TileInfo *const tile_info = &tile_data->tile_info;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi;
+  set_offsets(cpi, tile_info, x, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+  mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  mbmi->sb_type = bsize;
+
+  if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == CYCLIC_REFRESH_AQ && cm->seg.enabled)
+    if (cyclic_refresh_segment_id_boosted(mbmi->segment_id))
+      x->rdmult = vp9_cyclic_refresh_get_rdmult(cpi->cyclic_refresh);
+
+  if (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME)
+    hybrid_intra_mode_search(cpi, x, rd_cost, bsize, ctx);
+  else if (vp9_segfeature_active(&cm->seg, mbmi->segment_id, SEG_LVL_SKIP))
+    set_mode_info_seg_skip(x, cm->tx_mode, rd_cost, bsize);
+  else if (bsize >= BLOCK_8X8)
+    vp9_pick_inter_mode(cpi, x, tile_data, mi_row, mi_col,
+                        rd_cost, bsize, ctx);
+  else
+    vp9_pick_inter_mode_sub8x8(cpi, x, tile_data, mi_row, mi_col,
+                               rd_cost, bsize, ctx);
+
+  duplicate_mode_info_in_sb(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+
+  if (rd_cost->rate == INT_MAX)
+    vp9_rd_cost_reset(rd_cost);
+
+  ctx->rate = rd_cost->rate;
+  ctx->dist = rd_cost->dist;
+}
+
+static void fill_mode_info_sb(VP9_COMMON *cm, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                              int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                              BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                              PC_TREE *pc_tree) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  int bsl = b_width_log2_lookup[bsize], hbs = (1 << bsl) / 4;
+  PARTITION_TYPE partition = pc_tree->partitioning;
+  BLOCK_SIZE subsize = get_subsize(bsize, partition);
+
+  assert(bsize >= BLOCK_8X8);
+
+  if (mi_row >= cm->mi_rows || mi_col >= cm->mi_cols)
+    return;
+
+  switch (partition) {
+    case PARTITION_NONE:
+      set_mode_info_offsets(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col);
+      *(xd->mi[0]) = pc_tree->none.mic;
+      duplicate_mode_info_in_sb(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+      break;
+    case PARTITION_VERT:
+      set_mode_info_offsets(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col);
+      *(xd->mi[0]) = pc_tree->vertical[0].mic;
+      duplicate_mode_info_in_sb(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col, subsize);
+
+      if (mi_col + hbs < cm->mi_cols) {
+        set_mode_info_offsets(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col + hbs);
+        *(xd->mi[0]) = pc_tree->vertical[1].mic;
+        duplicate_mode_info_in_sb(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col + hbs, subsize);
+      }
+      break;
+    case PARTITION_HORZ:
+      set_mode_info_offsets(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col);
+      *(xd->mi[0]) = pc_tree->horizontal[0].mic;
+      duplicate_mode_info_in_sb(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col, subsize);
+      if (mi_row + hbs < cm->mi_rows) {
+        set_mode_info_offsets(cm, xd, mi_row + hbs, mi_col);
+        *(xd->mi[0]) = pc_tree->horizontal[1].mic;
+        duplicate_mode_info_in_sb(cm, xd, mi_row + hbs, mi_col, subsize);
+      }
+      break;
+    case PARTITION_SPLIT: {
+      fill_mode_info_sb(cm, x, mi_row, mi_col, subsize, pc_tree->split[0]);
+      fill_mode_info_sb(cm, x, mi_row, mi_col + hbs, subsize,
+                        pc_tree->split[1]);
+      fill_mode_info_sb(cm, x, mi_row + hbs, mi_col, subsize,
+                        pc_tree->split[2]);
+      fill_mode_info_sb(cm, x, mi_row + hbs, mi_col + hbs, subsize,
+                        pc_tree->split[3]);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+// Reset the prediction pixel ready flag recursively.
+static void pred_pixel_ready_reset(PC_TREE *pc_tree, BLOCK_SIZE bsize) {
+  pc_tree->none.pred_pixel_ready = 0;
+  pc_tree->horizontal[0].pred_pixel_ready = 0;
+  pc_tree->horizontal[1].pred_pixel_ready = 0;
+  pc_tree->vertical[0].pred_pixel_ready = 0;
+  pc_tree->vertical[1].pred_pixel_ready = 0;
+
+  if (bsize > BLOCK_8X8) {
+    BLOCK_SIZE subsize = get_subsize(bsize, PARTITION_SPLIT);
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
+      pred_pixel_ready_reset(pc_tree->split[i], subsize);
+  }
+}
+
+static void nonrd_pick_partition(VP9_COMP *cpi, ThreadData *td,
+                                 TileDataEnc *tile_data,
+                                 TOKENEXTRA **tp, int mi_row,
+                                 int mi_col, BLOCK_SIZE bsize, RD_COST *rd_cost,
+                                 int do_recon, int64_t best_rd,
+                                 PC_TREE *pc_tree) {
+  const SPEED_FEATURES *const sf = &cpi->sf;
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  TileInfo *const tile_info = &tile_data->tile_info;
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = &td->mb;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const int ms = num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize] / 2;
+  TOKENEXTRA *tp_orig = *tp;
+  PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx = &pc_tree->none;
+  int i;
+  BLOCK_SIZE subsize = bsize;
+  RD_COST this_rdc, sum_rdc, best_rdc;
+  int do_split = bsize >= BLOCK_8X8;
+  int do_rect = 1;
+  // Override skipping rectangular partition operations for edge blocks
+  const int force_horz_split = (mi_row + ms >= cm->mi_rows);
+  const int force_vert_split = (mi_col + ms >= cm->mi_cols);
+  const int xss = x->e_mbd.plane[1].subsampling_x;
+  const int yss = x->e_mbd.plane[1].subsampling_y;
+
+  int partition_none_allowed = !force_horz_split && !force_vert_split;
+  int partition_horz_allowed = !force_vert_split && yss <= xss &&
+                               bsize >= BLOCK_8X8;
+  int partition_vert_allowed = !force_horz_split && xss <= yss &&
+                               bsize >= BLOCK_8X8;
+  (void) *tp_orig;
+
+  assert(num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize] ==
+             num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[bsize]);
+
+  vp9_rd_cost_init(&sum_rdc);
+  vp9_rd_cost_reset(&best_rdc);
+  best_rdc.rdcost = best_rd;
+
+  // Determine partition types in search according to the speed features.
+  // The threshold set here has to be of square block size.
+  if (sf->auto_min_max_partition_size) {
+    partition_none_allowed &= (bsize <= x->max_partition_size &&
+                               bsize >= x->min_partition_size);
+    partition_horz_allowed &= ((bsize <= x->max_partition_size &&
+                                bsize > x->min_partition_size) ||
+                                force_horz_split);
+    partition_vert_allowed &= ((bsize <= x->max_partition_size &&
+                                bsize > x->min_partition_size) ||
+                                force_vert_split);
+    do_split &= bsize > x->min_partition_size;
+  }
+  if (sf->use_square_partition_only) {
+    partition_horz_allowed &= force_horz_split;
+    partition_vert_allowed &= force_vert_split;
+  }
+
+  ctx->pred_pixel_ready = !(partition_vert_allowed ||
+                            partition_horz_allowed ||
+                            do_split);
+
+  // PARTITION_NONE
+  if (partition_none_allowed) {
+    nonrd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col,
+                        &this_rdc, bsize, ctx);
+    ctx->mic.mbmi = xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+    ctx->skip_txfm[0] = x->skip_txfm[0];
+    ctx->skip = x->skip;
+
+    if (this_rdc.rate != INT_MAX) {
+      int pl = partition_plane_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+      this_rdc.rate += cpi->partition_cost[pl][PARTITION_NONE];
+      this_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                              this_rdc.rate, this_rdc.dist);
+      if (this_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost) {
+        int64_t dist_breakout_thr = sf->partition_search_breakout_dist_thr;
+        int64_t rate_breakout_thr = sf->partition_search_breakout_rate_thr;
+
+        dist_breakout_thr >>= 8 - (b_width_log2_lookup[bsize] +
+            b_height_log2_lookup[bsize]);
+
+        rate_breakout_thr *= num_pels_log2_lookup[bsize];
+
+        best_rdc = this_rdc;
+        if (bsize >= BLOCK_8X8)
+          pc_tree->partitioning = PARTITION_NONE;
+
+        if (!x->e_mbd.lossless &&
+            this_rdc.rate < rate_breakout_thr &&
+            this_rdc.dist < dist_breakout_thr) {
+          do_split = 0;
+          do_rect = 0;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // store estimated motion vector
+  store_pred_mv(x, ctx);
+
+  // PARTITION_SPLIT
+  if (do_split) {
+    int pl = partition_plane_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+    sum_rdc.rate += cpi->partition_cost[pl][PARTITION_SPLIT];
+    sum_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, sum_rdc.rate, sum_rdc.dist);
+    subsize = get_subsize(bsize, PARTITION_SPLIT);
+    for (i = 0; i < 4 && sum_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost; ++i) {
+      const int x_idx = (i & 1) * ms;
+      const int y_idx = (i >> 1) * ms;
+
+      if (mi_row + y_idx >= cm->mi_rows || mi_col + x_idx >= cm->mi_cols)
+        continue;
+      load_pred_mv(x, ctx);
+      nonrd_pick_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, tp,
+                           mi_row + y_idx, mi_col + x_idx,
+                           subsize, &this_rdc, 0,
+                           best_rdc.rdcost - sum_rdc.rdcost, pc_tree->split[i]);
+
+      if (this_rdc.rate == INT_MAX) {
+        vp9_rd_cost_reset(&sum_rdc);
+      } else {
+        sum_rdc.rate += this_rdc.rate;
+        sum_rdc.dist += this_rdc.dist;
+        sum_rdc.rdcost += this_rdc.rdcost;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (sum_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost) {
+      best_rdc = sum_rdc;
+      pc_tree->partitioning = PARTITION_SPLIT;
+    } else {
+      // skip rectangular partition test when larger block size
+      // gives better rd cost
+      if (sf->less_rectangular_check)
+        do_rect &= !partition_none_allowed;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // PARTITION_HORZ
+  if (partition_horz_allowed && do_rect) {
+    subsize = get_subsize(bsize, PARTITION_HORZ);
+    if (sf->adaptive_motion_search)
+      load_pred_mv(x, ctx);
+    pc_tree->horizontal[0].pred_pixel_ready = 1;
+    nonrd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col, &sum_rdc, subsize,
+                        &pc_tree->horizontal[0]);
+
+    pc_tree->horizontal[0].mic.mbmi = xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+    pc_tree->horizontal[0].skip_txfm[0] = x->skip_txfm[0];
+    pc_tree->horizontal[0].skip = x->skip;
+
+    if (sum_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost && mi_row + ms < cm->mi_rows) {
+      load_pred_mv(x, ctx);
+      pc_tree->horizontal[1].pred_pixel_ready = 1;
+      nonrd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row + ms, mi_col,
+                          &this_rdc, subsize,
+                          &pc_tree->horizontal[1]);
+
+      pc_tree->horizontal[1].mic.mbmi = xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+      pc_tree->horizontal[1].skip_txfm[0] = x->skip_txfm[0];
+      pc_tree->horizontal[1].skip = x->skip;
+
+      if (this_rdc.rate == INT_MAX) {
+        vp9_rd_cost_reset(&sum_rdc);
+      } else {
+        int pl = partition_plane_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+        this_rdc.rate += cpi->partition_cost[pl][PARTITION_HORZ];
+        sum_rdc.rate += this_rdc.rate;
+        sum_rdc.dist += this_rdc.dist;
+        sum_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                                sum_rdc.rate, sum_rdc.dist);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (sum_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost) {
+      best_rdc = sum_rdc;
+      pc_tree->partitioning = PARTITION_HORZ;
+    } else {
+      pred_pixel_ready_reset(pc_tree, bsize);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // PARTITION_VERT
+  if (partition_vert_allowed && do_rect) {
+    subsize = get_subsize(bsize, PARTITION_VERT);
+    if (sf->adaptive_motion_search)
+      load_pred_mv(x, ctx);
+    pc_tree->vertical[0].pred_pixel_ready = 1;
+    nonrd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col, &sum_rdc, subsize,
+                        &pc_tree->vertical[0]);
+    pc_tree->vertical[0].mic.mbmi = xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+    pc_tree->vertical[0].skip_txfm[0] = x->skip_txfm[0];
+    pc_tree->vertical[0].skip = x->skip;
+
+    if (sum_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost && mi_col + ms < cm->mi_cols) {
+      load_pred_mv(x, ctx);
+      pc_tree->vertical[1].pred_pixel_ready = 1;
+      nonrd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col + ms,
+                          &this_rdc, subsize,
+                          &pc_tree->vertical[1]);
+      pc_tree->vertical[1].mic.mbmi = xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+      pc_tree->vertical[1].skip_txfm[0] = x->skip_txfm[0];
+      pc_tree->vertical[1].skip = x->skip;
+
+      if (this_rdc.rate == INT_MAX) {
+        vp9_rd_cost_reset(&sum_rdc);
+      } else {
+        int pl = partition_plane_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+        sum_rdc.rate += cpi->partition_cost[pl][PARTITION_VERT];
+        sum_rdc.rate += this_rdc.rate;
+        sum_rdc.dist += this_rdc.dist;
+        sum_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                                sum_rdc.rate, sum_rdc.dist);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (sum_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost) {
+      best_rdc = sum_rdc;
+      pc_tree->partitioning = PARTITION_VERT;
+    } else {
+      pred_pixel_ready_reset(pc_tree, bsize);
+    }
+  }
+
+  *rd_cost = best_rdc;
+
+  if (best_rdc.rate == INT_MAX) {
+    vp9_rd_cost_reset(rd_cost);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // update mode info array
+  fill_mode_info_sb(cm, x, mi_row, mi_col, bsize, pc_tree);
+
+  if (best_rdc.rate < INT_MAX && best_rdc.dist < INT64_MAX && do_recon) {
+    int output_enabled = (bsize == BLOCK_64X64);
+    encode_sb_rt(cpi, td, tile_info, tp, mi_row, mi_col, output_enabled,
+                 bsize, pc_tree);
+  }
+
+  if (bsize == BLOCK_64X64 && do_recon) {
+    assert(tp_orig < *tp);
+    assert(best_rdc.rate < INT_MAX);
+    assert(best_rdc.dist < INT64_MAX);
+  } else {
+    assert(tp_orig == *tp);
+  }
+}
+
+static void nonrd_select_partition(VP9_COMP *cpi,
+                                   ThreadData *td,
+                                   TileDataEnc *tile_data,
+                                   MODE_INFO **mi,
+                                   TOKENEXTRA **tp,
+                                   int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                                   BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int output_enabled,
+                                   RD_COST *rd_cost, PC_TREE *pc_tree) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  TileInfo *const tile_info = &tile_data->tile_info;
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = &td->mb;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const int bsl = b_width_log2_lookup[bsize], hbs = (1 << bsl) / 4;
+  const int mis = cm->mi_stride;
+  PARTITION_TYPE partition;
+  BLOCK_SIZE subsize;
+  RD_COST this_rdc;
+
+  vp9_rd_cost_reset(&this_rdc);
+  if (mi_row >= cm->mi_rows || mi_col >= cm->mi_cols)
+    return;
+
+  subsize = (bsize >= BLOCK_8X8) ? mi[0]->mbmi.sb_type : BLOCK_4X4;
+  partition = partition_lookup[bsl][subsize];
+
+  if (bsize == BLOCK_32X32 && partition != PARTITION_NONE &&
+      subsize >= BLOCK_16X16) {
+    x->max_partition_size = BLOCK_32X32;
+    x->min_partition_size = BLOCK_8X8;
+    nonrd_pick_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, tp, mi_row, mi_col, bsize,
+                         rd_cost, 0, INT64_MAX, pc_tree);
+  } else if (bsize == BLOCK_16X16 && partition != PARTITION_NONE) {
+    x->max_partition_size = BLOCK_16X16;
+    x->min_partition_size = BLOCK_8X8;
+    nonrd_pick_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, tp, mi_row, mi_col, bsize,
+                         rd_cost, 0, INT64_MAX, pc_tree);
+  } else {
+    switch (partition) {
+      case PARTITION_NONE:
+        pc_tree->none.pred_pixel_ready = 1;
+        nonrd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col, rd_cost,
+                            subsize, &pc_tree->none);
+        pc_tree->none.mic.mbmi = xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+        pc_tree->none.skip_txfm[0] = x->skip_txfm[0];
+        pc_tree->none.skip = x->skip;
+        break;
+      case PARTITION_VERT:
+        pc_tree->vertical[0].pred_pixel_ready = 1;
+        nonrd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col, rd_cost,
+                            subsize, &pc_tree->vertical[0]);
+        pc_tree->vertical[0].mic.mbmi = xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+        pc_tree->vertical[0].skip_txfm[0] = x->skip_txfm[0];
+        pc_tree->vertical[0].skip = x->skip;
+        if (mi_col + hbs < cm->mi_cols) {
+          pc_tree->vertical[1].pred_pixel_ready = 1;
+          nonrd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col + hbs,
+                              &this_rdc, subsize, &pc_tree->vertical[1]);
+          pc_tree->vertical[1].mic.mbmi = xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+          pc_tree->vertical[1].skip_txfm[0] = x->skip_txfm[0];
+          pc_tree->vertical[1].skip = x->skip;
+          if (this_rdc.rate != INT_MAX && this_rdc.dist != INT64_MAX &&
+              rd_cost->rate != INT_MAX && rd_cost->dist != INT64_MAX) {
+            rd_cost->rate += this_rdc.rate;
+            rd_cost->dist += this_rdc.dist;
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      case PARTITION_HORZ:
+        pc_tree->horizontal[0].pred_pixel_ready = 1;
+        nonrd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col, rd_cost,
+                            subsize, &pc_tree->horizontal[0]);
+        pc_tree->horizontal[0].mic.mbmi = xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+        pc_tree->horizontal[0].skip_txfm[0] = x->skip_txfm[0];
+        pc_tree->horizontal[0].skip = x->skip;
+        if (mi_row + hbs < cm->mi_rows) {
+          pc_tree->horizontal[1].pred_pixel_ready = 1;
+          nonrd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row + hbs, mi_col,
+                              &this_rdc, subsize, &pc_tree->horizontal[1]);
+          pc_tree->horizontal[1].mic.mbmi = xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+          pc_tree->horizontal[1].skip_txfm[0] = x->skip_txfm[0];
+          pc_tree->horizontal[1].skip = x->skip;
+          if (this_rdc.rate != INT_MAX && this_rdc.dist != INT64_MAX &&
+              rd_cost->rate != INT_MAX && rd_cost->dist != INT64_MAX) {
+            rd_cost->rate += this_rdc.rate;
+            rd_cost->dist += this_rdc.dist;
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      case PARTITION_SPLIT:
+        subsize = get_subsize(bsize, PARTITION_SPLIT);
+        nonrd_select_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, mi, tp, mi_row, mi_col,
+                               subsize, output_enabled, rd_cost,
+                               pc_tree->split[0]);
+        nonrd_select_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, mi + hbs, tp,
+                               mi_row, mi_col + hbs, subsize, output_enabled,
+                               &this_rdc, pc_tree->split[1]);
+        if (this_rdc.rate != INT_MAX && this_rdc.dist != INT64_MAX &&
+            rd_cost->rate != INT_MAX && rd_cost->dist != INT64_MAX) {
+          rd_cost->rate += this_rdc.rate;
+          rd_cost->dist += this_rdc.dist;
+        }
+        nonrd_select_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, mi + hbs * mis, tp,
+                               mi_row + hbs, mi_col, subsize, output_enabled,
+                               &this_rdc, pc_tree->split[2]);
+        if (this_rdc.rate != INT_MAX && this_rdc.dist != INT64_MAX &&
+            rd_cost->rate != INT_MAX && rd_cost->dist != INT64_MAX) {
+          rd_cost->rate += this_rdc.rate;
+          rd_cost->dist += this_rdc.dist;
+        }
+        nonrd_select_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, mi + hbs * mis + hbs, tp,
+                               mi_row + hbs, mi_col + hbs, subsize,
+                               output_enabled, &this_rdc, pc_tree->split[3]);
+        if (this_rdc.rate != INT_MAX && this_rdc.dist != INT64_MAX &&
+            rd_cost->rate != INT_MAX && rd_cost->dist != INT64_MAX) {
+          rd_cost->rate += this_rdc.rate;
+          rd_cost->dist += this_rdc.dist;
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        assert(0 && "Invalid partition type.");
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (bsize == BLOCK_64X64 && output_enabled)
+    encode_sb_rt(cpi, td, tile_info, tp, mi_row, mi_col, 1, bsize, pc_tree);
+}
+
+
+static void nonrd_use_partition(VP9_COMP *cpi,
+                                ThreadData *td,
+                                TileDataEnc *tile_data,
+                                MODE_INFO **mi,
+                                TOKENEXTRA **tp,
+                                int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                                BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int output_enabled,
+                                RD_COST *dummy_cost, PC_TREE *pc_tree) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  TileInfo *tile_info = &tile_data->tile_info;
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = &td->mb;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const int bsl = b_width_log2_lookup[bsize], hbs = (1 << bsl) / 4;
+  const int mis = cm->mi_stride;
+  PARTITION_TYPE partition;
+  BLOCK_SIZE subsize;
+
+  if (mi_row >= cm->mi_rows || mi_col >= cm->mi_cols)
+    return;
+
+  subsize = (bsize >= BLOCK_8X8) ? mi[0]->mbmi.sb_type : BLOCK_4X4;
+  partition = partition_lookup[bsl][subsize];
+
+  if (output_enabled && bsize != BLOCK_4X4) {
+    int ctx = partition_plane_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+    td->counts->partition[ctx][partition]++;
+  }
+
+  switch (partition) {
+    case PARTITION_NONE:
+      pc_tree->none.pred_pixel_ready = 1;
+      nonrd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col, dummy_cost,
+                          subsize, &pc_tree->none);
+      pc_tree->none.mic.mbmi = xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+      pc_tree->none.skip_txfm[0] = x->skip_txfm[0];
+      pc_tree->none.skip = x->skip;
+      encode_b_rt(cpi, td, tile_info, tp, mi_row, mi_col, output_enabled,
+                  subsize, &pc_tree->none);
+      break;
+    case PARTITION_VERT:
+      pc_tree->vertical[0].pred_pixel_ready = 1;
+      nonrd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col, dummy_cost,
+                          subsize, &pc_tree->vertical[0]);
+      pc_tree->vertical[0].mic.mbmi = xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+      pc_tree->vertical[0].skip_txfm[0] = x->skip_txfm[0];
+      pc_tree->vertical[0].skip = x->skip;
+      encode_b_rt(cpi, td, tile_info, tp, mi_row, mi_col, output_enabled,
+                  subsize, &pc_tree->vertical[0]);
+      if (mi_col + hbs < cm->mi_cols && bsize > BLOCK_8X8) {
+        pc_tree->vertical[1].pred_pixel_ready = 1;
+        nonrd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col + hbs,
+                            dummy_cost, subsize, &pc_tree->vertical[1]);
+        pc_tree->vertical[1].mic.mbmi = xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+        pc_tree->vertical[1].skip_txfm[0] = x->skip_txfm[0];
+        pc_tree->vertical[1].skip = x->skip;
+        encode_b_rt(cpi, td, tile_info, tp, mi_row, mi_col + hbs,
+                    output_enabled, subsize, &pc_tree->vertical[1]);
+      }
+      break;
+    case PARTITION_HORZ:
+      pc_tree->horizontal[0].pred_pixel_ready = 1;
+      nonrd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col, dummy_cost,
+                          subsize, &pc_tree->horizontal[0]);
+      pc_tree->horizontal[0].mic.mbmi = xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+      pc_tree->horizontal[0].skip_txfm[0] = x->skip_txfm[0];
+      pc_tree->horizontal[0].skip = x->skip;
+      encode_b_rt(cpi, td, tile_info, tp, mi_row, mi_col, output_enabled,
+                  subsize, &pc_tree->horizontal[0]);
+
+      if (mi_row + hbs < cm->mi_rows && bsize > BLOCK_8X8) {
+        pc_tree->horizontal[1].pred_pixel_ready = 1;
+        nonrd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row + hbs, mi_col,
+                            dummy_cost, subsize, &pc_tree->horizontal[1]);
+        pc_tree->horizontal[1].mic.mbmi = xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+        pc_tree->horizontal[1].skip_txfm[0] = x->skip_txfm[0];
+        pc_tree->horizontal[1].skip = x->skip;
+        encode_b_rt(cpi, td, tile_info, tp, mi_row + hbs, mi_col,
+                    output_enabled, subsize, &pc_tree->horizontal[1]);
+      }
+      break;
+    case PARTITION_SPLIT:
+      subsize = get_subsize(bsize, PARTITION_SPLIT);
+      if (bsize == BLOCK_8X8) {
+        nonrd_pick_sb_modes(cpi, tile_data, x, mi_row, mi_col, dummy_cost,
+                            subsize, pc_tree->leaf_split[0]);
+        encode_b_rt(cpi, td, tile_info, tp, mi_row, mi_col,
+                    output_enabled, subsize, pc_tree->leaf_split[0]);
+      } else {
+        nonrd_use_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, mi, tp, mi_row, mi_col,
+                            subsize, output_enabled, dummy_cost,
+                            pc_tree->split[0]);
+        nonrd_use_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, mi + hbs, tp,
+                            mi_row, mi_col + hbs, subsize, output_enabled,
+                            dummy_cost, pc_tree->split[1]);
+        nonrd_use_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, mi + hbs * mis, tp,
+                            mi_row + hbs, mi_col, subsize, output_enabled,
+                            dummy_cost, pc_tree->split[2]);
+        nonrd_use_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, mi + hbs * mis + hbs, tp,
+                            mi_row + hbs, mi_col + hbs, subsize, output_enabled,
+                            dummy_cost, pc_tree->split[3]);
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      assert(0 && "Invalid partition type.");
+      break;
+  }
+
+  if (partition != PARTITION_SPLIT || bsize == BLOCK_8X8)
+    update_partition_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col, subsize, bsize);
+}
+
+static void encode_nonrd_sb_row(VP9_COMP *cpi,
+                                ThreadData *td,
+                                TileDataEnc *tile_data,
+                                int mi_row,
+                                TOKENEXTRA **tp) {
+  SPEED_FEATURES *const sf = &cpi->sf;
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  TileInfo *const tile_info = &tile_data->tile_info;
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = &td->mb;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  int mi_col;
+
+  // Initialize the left context for the new SB row
+  memset(&xd->left_context, 0, sizeof(xd->left_context));
+  memset(xd->left_seg_context, 0, sizeof(xd->left_seg_context));
+
+  // Code each SB in the row
+  for (mi_col = tile_info->mi_col_start; mi_col < tile_info->mi_col_end;
+       mi_col += MI_BLOCK_SIZE) {
+    const struct segmentation *const seg = &cm->seg;
+    RD_COST dummy_rdc;
+    const int idx_str = cm->mi_stride * mi_row + mi_col;
+    MODE_INFO **mi = cm->mi_grid_visible + idx_str;
+    PARTITION_SEARCH_TYPE partition_search_type = sf->partition_search_type;
+    BLOCK_SIZE bsize = BLOCK_64X64;
+    int seg_skip = 0;
+    x->source_variance = UINT_MAX;
+    vp9_zero(x->pred_mv);
+    vp9_rd_cost_init(&dummy_rdc);
+    x->color_sensitivity[0] = 0;
+    x->color_sensitivity[1] = 0;
+
+    if (seg->enabled) {
+      const uint8_t *const map = seg->update_map ? cpi->segmentation_map
+                                                 : cm->last_frame_seg_map;
+      int segment_id = vp9_get_segment_id(cm, map, BLOCK_64X64, mi_row, mi_col);
+      seg_skip = vp9_segfeature_active(seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_SKIP);
+      if (seg_skip) {
+        partition_search_type = FIXED_PARTITION;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Set the partition type of the 64X64 block
+    switch (partition_search_type) {
+      case VAR_BASED_PARTITION:
+        // TODO(jingning, marpan): The mode decision and encoding process
+        // support both intra and inter sub8x8 block coding for RTC mode.
+        // Tune the thresholds accordingly to use sub8x8 block coding for
+        // coding performance improvement.
+        choose_partitioning(cpi, tile_info, x, mi_row, mi_col);
+        nonrd_use_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, mi, tp, mi_row, mi_col,
+                            BLOCK_64X64, 1, &dummy_rdc, td->pc_root);
+        break;
+      case SOURCE_VAR_BASED_PARTITION:
+        set_source_var_based_partition(cpi, tile_info, x, mi, mi_row, mi_col);
+        nonrd_use_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, mi, tp, mi_row, mi_col,
+                            BLOCK_64X64, 1, &dummy_rdc, td->pc_root);
+        break;
+      case FIXED_PARTITION:
+        if (!seg_skip)
+          bsize = sf->always_this_block_size;
+        set_fixed_partitioning(cpi, tile_info, mi, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+        nonrd_use_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, mi, tp, mi_row, mi_col,
+                            BLOCK_64X64, 1, &dummy_rdc, td->pc_root);
+        break;
+      case REFERENCE_PARTITION:
+        set_offsets(cpi, tile_info, x, mi_row, mi_col, BLOCK_64X64);
+        if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == CYCLIC_REFRESH_AQ && cm->seg.enabled &&
+            xd->mi[0]->mbmi.segment_id) {
+          x->max_partition_size = BLOCK_64X64;
+          x->min_partition_size = BLOCK_8X8;
+          nonrd_pick_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, tp, mi_row, mi_col,
+                               BLOCK_64X64, &dummy_rdc, 1,
+                               INT64_MAX, td->pc_root);
+        } else {
+          choose_partitioning(cpi, tile_info, x, mi_row, mi_col);
+          nonrd_select_partition(cpi, td, tile_data, mi, tp, mi_row, mi_col,
+                                 BLOCK_64X64, 1, &dummy_rdc, td->pc_root);
+        }
+
+        break;
+      default:
+        assert(0);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+// end RTC play code
+
+static int set_var_thresh_from_histogram(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
+  const SPEED_FEATURES *const sf = &cpi->sf;
+  const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+
+  const uint8_t *src = cpi->Source->y_buffer;
+  const uint8_t *last_src = cpi->Last_Source->y_buffer;
+  const int src_stride = cpi->Source->y_stride;
+  const int last_stride = cpi->Last_Source->y_stride;
+
+  // Pick cutoff threshold
+  const int cutoff = (MIN(cm->width, cm->height) >= 720) ?
+      (cm->MBs * VAR_HIST_LARGE_CUT_OFF / 100) :
+      (cm->MBs * VAR_HIST_SMALL_CUT_OFF / 100);
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, int, hist[VAR_HIST_BINS]);
+  diff *var16 = cpi->source_diff_var;
+
+  int sum = 0;
+  int i, j;
+
+  memset(hist, 0, VAR_HIST_BINS * sizeof(hist[0]));
+
+  for (i = 0; i < cm->mb_rows; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < cm->mb_cols; j++) {
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      if (cm->use_highbitdepth) {
+        switch (cm->bit_depth) {
+          case VPX_BITS_8:
+            vpx_highbd_8_get16x16var(src, src_stride, last_src, last_stride,
+                                   &var16->sse, &var16->sum);
+            break;
+          case VPX_BITS_10:
+            vpx_highbd_10_get16x16var(src, src_stride, last_src, last_stride,
+                                    &var16->sse, &var16->sum);
+            break;
+          case VPX_BITS_12:
+            vpx_highbd_12_get16x16var(src, src_stride, last_src, last_stride,
+                                      &var16->sse, &var16->sum);
+            break;
+          default:
+            assert(0 && "cm->bit_depth should be VPX_BITS_8, VPX_BITS_10"
+                   " or VPX_BITS_12");
+            return -1;
+        }
+      } else {
+        vpx_get16x16var(src, src_stride, last_src, last_stride,
+                        &var16->sse, &var16->sum);
+      }
+#else
+      vpx_get16x16var(src, src_stride, last_src, last_stride,
+                      &var16->sse, &var16->sum);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      var16->var = var16->sse -
+          (((uint32_t)var16->sum * var16->sum) >> 8);
+
+      if (var16->var >= VAR_HIST_MAX_BG_VAR)
+        hist[VAR_HIST_BINS - 1]++;
+      else
+        hist[var16->var / VAR_HIST_FACTOR]++;
+
+      src += 16;
+      last_src += 16;
+      var16++;
+    }
+
+    src = src - cm->mb_cols * 16 + 16 * src_stride;
+    last_src = last_src - cm->mb_cols * 16 + 16 * last_stride;
+  }
+
+  cpi->source_var_thresh = 0;
+
+  if (hist[VAR_HIST_BINS - 1] < cutoff) {
+    for (i = 0; i < VAR_HIST_BINS - 1; i++) {
+      sum += hist[i];
+
+      if (sum > cutoff) {
+        cpi->source_var_thresh = (i + 1) * VAR_HIST_FACTOR;
+        return 0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return sf->search_type_check_frequency;
+}
+
+static void source_var_based_partition_search_method(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  SPEED_FEATURES *const sf = &cpi->sf;
+
+  if (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME) {
+    // For key frame, use SEARCH_PARTITION.
+    sf->partition_search_type = SEARCH_PARTITION;
+  } else if (cm->intra_only) {
+    sf->partition_search_type = FIXED_PARTITION;
+  } else {
+    if (cm->last_width != cm->width || cm->last_height != cm->height) {
+      if (cpi->source_diff_var)
+        vpx_free(cpi->source_diff_var);
+
+      CHECK_MEM_ERROR(cm, cpi->source_diff_var,
+                      vpx_calloc(cm->MBs, sizeof(diff)));
+    }
+
+    if (!cpi->frames_till_next_var_check)
+      cpi->frames_till_next_var_check = set_var_thresh_from_histogram(cpi);
+
+    if (cpi->frames_till_next_var_check > 0) {
+      sf->partition_search_type = FIXED_PARTITION;
+      cpi->frames_till_next_var_check--;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static int get_skip_encode_frame(const VP9_COMMON *cm, ThreadData *const td) {
+  unsigned int intra_count = 0, inter_count = 0;
+  int j;
+
+  for (j = 0; j < INTRA_INTER_CONTEXTS; ++j) {
+    intra_count += td->counts->intra_inter[j][0];
+    inter_count += td->counts->intra_inter[j][1];
+  }
+
+  return (intra_count << 2) < inter_count &&
+         cm->frame_type != KEY_FRAME &&
+         cm->show_frame;
+}
+
+void vp9_init_tile_data(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  const int tile_cols = 1 << cm->log2_tile_cols;
+  const int tile_rows = 1 << cm->log2_tile_rows;
+  int tile_col, tile_row;
+  TOKENEXTRA *pre_tok = cpi->tile_tok[0][0];
+  int tile_tok = 0;
+
+  if (cpi->tile_data == NULL) {
+    CHECK_MEM_ERROR(cm, cpi->tile_data,
+        vpx_malloc(tile_cols * tile_rows * sizeof(*cpi->tile_data)));
+    for (tile_row = 0; tile_row < tile_rows; ++tile_row)
+      for (tile_col = 0; tile_col < tile_cols; ++tile_col) {
+        TileDataEnc *tile_data =
+            &cpi->tile_data[tile_row * tile_cols + tile_col];
+        int i, j;
+        for (i = 0; i < BLOCK_SIZES; ++i) {
+          for (j = 0; j < MAX_MODES; ++j) {
+            tile_data->thresh_freq_fact[i][j] = 32;
+            tile_data->mode_map[i][j] = j;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+  }
+
+  for (tile_row = 0; tile_row < tile_rows; ++tile_row) {
+    for (tile_col = 0; tile_col < tile_cols; ++tile_col) {
+      TileInfo *tile_info =
+          &cpi->tile_data[tile_row * tile_cols + tile_col].tile_info;
+      vp9_tile_init(tile_info, cm, tile_row, tile_col);
+
+      cpi->tile_tok[tile_row][tile_col] = pre_tok + tile_tok;
+      pre_tok = cpi->tile_tok[tile_row][tile_col];
+      tile_tok = allocated_tokens(*tile_info);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void vp9_encode_tile(VP9_COMP *cpi, ThreadData *td,
+                     int tile_row, int tile_col) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  const int tile_cols = 1 << cm->log2_tile_cols;
+  TileDataEnc *this_tile =
+      &cpi->tile_data[tile_row * tile_cols + tile_col];
+  const TileInfo * const tile_info = &this_tile->tile_info;
+  TOKENEXTRA *tok = cpi->tile_tok[tile_row][tile_col];
+  int mi_row;
+
+  for (mi_row = tile_info->mi_row_start; mi_row < tile_info->mi_row_end;
+       mi_row += MI_BLOCK_SIZE) {
+    if (cpi->sf.use_nonrd_pick_mode)
+      encode_nonrd_sb_row(cpi, td, this_tile, mi_row, &tok);
+    else
+      encode_rd_sb_row(cpi, td, this_tile, mi_row, &tok);
+  }
+  cpi->tok_count[tile_row][tile_col] =
+      (unsigned int)(tok - cpi->tile_tok[tile_row][tile_col]);
+  assert(tok - cpi->tile_tok[tile_row][tile_col] <=
+      allocated_tokens(*tile_info));
+}
+
+static void encode_tiles(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  const int tile_cols = 1 << cm->log2_tile_cols;
+  const int tile_rows = 1 << cm->log2_tile_rows;
+  int tile_col, tile_row;
+
+  vp9_init_tile_data(cpi);
+
+  for (tile_row = 0; tile_row < tile_rows; ++tile_row)
+    for (tile_col = 0; tile_col < tile_cols; ++tile_col)
+      vp9_encode_tile(cpi, &cpi->td, tile_row, tile_col);
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
+static int input_fpmb_stats(FIRSTPASS_MB_STATS *firstpass_mb_stats,
+                            VP9_COMMON *cm, uint8_t **this_frame_mb_stats) {
+  uint8_t *mb_stats_in = firstpass_mb_stats->mb_stats_start +
+      cm->current_video_frame * cm->MBs * sizeof(uint8_t);
+
+  if (mb_stats_in > firstpass_mb_stats->mb_stats_end)
+    return EOF;
+
+  *this_frame_mb_stats = mb_stats_in;
+
+  return 1;
+}
+#endif
+
+static void encode_frame_internal(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
+  SPEED_FEATURES *const sf = &cpi->sf;
+  RD_OPT *const rd_opt = &cpi->rd;
+  ThreadData *const td = &cpi->td;
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = &td->mb;
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  RD_COUNTS *const rdc = &cpi->td.rd_counts;
+
+  xd->mi = cm->mi_grid_visible;
+  xd->mi[0] = cm->mi;
+
+  vp9_zero(*td->counts);
+  vp9_zero(rdc->coef_counts);
+  vp9_zero(rdc->comp_pred_diff);
+  vp9_zero(rdc->filter_diff);
+  vp9_zero(rdc->tx_select_diff);
+  vp9_zero(rd_opt->tx_select_threshes);
+
+  xd->lossless = cm->base_qindex == 0 &&
+                 cm->y_dc_delta_q == 0 &&
+                 cm->uv_dc_delta_q == 0 &&
+                 cm->uv_ac_delta_q == 0;
+
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (cm->use_highbitdepth)
+    x->fwd_txm4x4 = xd->lossless ? vp9_highbd_fwht4x4 : vp9_highbd_fdct4x4;
+  else
+    x->fwd_txm4x4 = xd->lossless ? vp9_fwht4x4 : vp9_fdct4x4;
+  x->highbd_itxm_add = xd->lossless ? vp9_highbd_iwht4x4_add :
+                                      vp9_highbd_idct4x4_add;
+#else
+  x->fwd_txm4x4 = xd->lossless ? vp9_fwht4x4 : vp9_fdct4x4;
+#endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  x->itxm_add = xd->lossless ? vp9_iwht4x4_add : vp9_idct4x4_add;
+
+  if (xd->lossless)
+    x->optimize = 0;
+
+  cm->tx_mode = select_tx_mode(cpi, xd);
+
+  vp9_frame_init_quantizer(cpi);
+
+  vp9_initialize_rd_consts(cpi);
+  vp9_initialize_me_consts(cpi, x, cm->base_qindex);
+  init_encode_frame_mb_context(cpi);
+  cm->use_prev_frame_mvs = !cm->error_resilient_mode &&
+                           cm->width == cm->last_width &&
+                           cm->height == cm->last_height &&
+                           !cm->intra_only &&
+                           cm->last_show_frame;
+  // Special case: set prev_mi to NULL when the previous mode info
+  // context cannot be used.
+  cm->prev_mi = cm->use_prev_frame_mvs ?
+                cm->prev_mip + cm->mi_stride + 1 : NULL;
+
+  x->quant_fp = cpi->sf.use_quant_fp;
+  vp9_zero(x->skip_txfm);
+  if (sf->use_nonrd_pick_mode) {
+    // Initialize internal buffer pointers for rtc coding, where non-RD
+    // mode decision is used and hence no buffer pointer swap needed.
+    int i;
+    struct macroblock_plane *const p = x->plane;
+    struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = xd->plane;
+    PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx = &cpi->td.pc_root->none;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++i) {
+      p[i].coeff = ctx->coeff_pbuf[i][0];
+      p[i].qcoeff = ctx->qcoeff_pbuf[i][0];
+      pd[i].dqcoeff = ctx->dqcoeff_pbuf[i][0];
+      p[i].eobs = ctx->eobs_pbuf[i][0];
+    }
+    vp9_zero(x->zcoeff_blk);
+
+    if (cm->frame_type != KEY_FRAME && cpi->rc.frames_since_golden == 0)
+      cpi->ref_frame_flags &= (~VP9_GOLD_FLAG);
+
+    if (sf->partition_search_type == SOURCE_VAR_BASED_PARTITION)
+      source_var_based_partition_search_method(cpi);
+  }
+
+  {
+    struct vpx_usec_timer emr_timer;
+    vpx_usec_timer_start(&emr_timer);
+
+#if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
+  if (cpi->use_fp_mb_stats) {
+    input_fpmb_stats(&cpi->twopass.firstpass_mb_stats, cm,
+                     &cpi->twopass.this_frame_mb_stats);
+  }
+#endif
+
+    // If allowed, encoding tiles in parallel with one thread handling one tile.
+    if (MIN(cpi->oxcf.max_threads, 1 << cm->log2_tile_cols) > 1)
+      vp9_encode_tiles_mt(cpi);
+    else
+      encode_tiles(cpi);
+
+    vpx_usec_timer_mark(&emr_timer);
+    cpi->time_encode_sb_row += vpx_usec_timer_elapsed(&emr_timer);
+  }
+
+  sf->skip_encode_frame = sf->skip_encode_sb ?
+      get_skip_encode_frame(cm, td) : 0;
+
+#if 0
+  // Keep record of the total distortion this time around for future use
+  cpi->last_frame_distortion = cpi->frame_distortion;
+#endif
+}
+
+static INTERP_FILTER get_interp_filter(
+    const int64_t threshes[SWITCHABLE_FILTER_CONTEXTS], int is_alt_ref) {
+  if (!is_alt_ref &&
+      threshes[EIGHTTAP_SMOOTH] > threshes[EIGHTTAP] &&
+      threshes[EIGHTTAP_SMOOTH] > threshes[EIGHTTAP_SHARP] &&
+      threshes[EIGHTTAP_SMOOTH] > threshes[SWITCHABLE - 1]) {
+    return EIGHTTAP_SMOOTH;
+  } else if (threshes[EIGHTTAP_SHARP] > threshes[EIGHTTAP] &&
+             threshes[EIGHTTAP_SHARP] > threshes[SWITCHABLE - 1]) {
+    return EIGHTTAP_SHARP;
+  } else if (threshes[EIGHTTAP] > threshes[SWITCHABLE - 1]) {
+    return EIGHTTAP;
+  } else {
+    return SWITCHABLE;
+  }
+}
+
+void vp9_encode_frame(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+
+  // In the longer term the encoder should be generalized to match the
+  // decoder such that we allow compound where one of the 3 buffers has a
+  // different sign bias and that buffer is then the fixed ref. However, this
+  // requires further work in the rd loop. For now the only supported encoder
+  // side behavior is where the ALT ref buffer has opposite sign bias to
+  // the other two.
+  if (!frame_is_intra_only(cm)) {
+    if ((cm->ref_frame_sign_bias[ALTREF_FRAME] ==
+             cm->ref_frame_sign_bias[GOLDEN_FRAME]) ||
+        (cm->ref_frame_sign_bias[ALTREF_FRAME] ==
+             cm->ref_frame_sign_bias[LAST_FRAME])) {
+      cpi->allow_comp_inter_inter = 0;
+    } else {
+      cpi->allow_comp_inter_inter = 1;
+      cm->comp_fixed_ref = ALTREF_FRAME;
+      cm->comp_var_ref[0] = LAST_FRAME;
+      cm->comp_var_ref[1] = GOLDEN_FRAME;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (cpi->sf.frame_parameter_update) {
+    int i;
+    RD_OPT *const rd_opt = &cpi->rd;
+    FRAME_COUNTS *counts = cpi->td.counts;
+    RD_COUNTS *const rdc = &cpi->td.rd_counts;
+
+    // This code does a single RD pass over the whole frame assuming
+    // either compound, single or hybrid prediction as per whatever has
+    // worked best for that type of frame in the past.
+    // It also predicts whether another coding mode would have worked
+    // better that this coding mode. If that is the case, it remembers
+    // that for subsequent frames.
+    // It does the same analysis for transform size selection also.
+    const MV_REFERENCE_FRAME frame_type = get_frame_type(cpi);
+    int64_t *const mode_thrs = rd_opt->prediction_type_threshes[frame_type];
+    int64_t *const filter_thrs = rd_opt->filter_threshes[frame_type];
+    int *const tx_thrs = rd_opt->tx_select_threshes[frame_type];
+    const int is_alt_ref = frame_type == ALTREF_FRAME;
+
+    /* prediction (compound, single or hybrid) mode selection */
+    if (is_alt_ref || !cpi->allow_comp_inter_inter)
+      cm->reference_mode = SINGLE_REFERENCE;
+    else if (mode_thrs[COMPOUND_REFERENCE] > mode_thrs[SINGLE_REFERENCE] &&
+             mode_thrs[COMPOUND_REFERENCE] >
+                 mode_thrs[REFERENCE_MODE_SELECT] &&
+             check_dual_ref_flags(cpi) &&
+             cpi->static_mb_pct == 100)
+      cm->reference_mode = COMPOUND_REFERENCE;
+    else if (mode_thrs[SINGLE_REFERENCE] > mode_thrs[REFERENCE_MODE_SELECT])
+      cm->reference_mode = SINGLE_REFERENCE;
+    else
+      cm->reference_mode = REFERENCE_MODE_SELECT;
+
+    if (cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE)
+      cm->interp_filter = get_interp_filter(filter_thrs, is_alt_ref);
+
+    encode_frame_internal(cpi);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < REFERENCE_MODES; ++i)
+      mode_thrs[i] = (mode_thrs[i] + rdc->comp_pred_diff[i] / cm->MBs) / 2;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < SWITCHABLE_FILTER_CONTEXTS; ++i)
+      filter_thrs[i] = (filter_thrs[i] + rdc->filter_diff[i] / cm->MBs) / 2;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < TX_MODES; ++i) {
+      int64_t pd = rdc->tx_select_diff[i];
+      if (i == TX_MODE_SELECT)
+        pd -= RDCOST(cpi->td.mb.rdmult, cpi->td.mb.rddiv, 2048 * (TX_SIZES - 1),
+                     0);
+      tx_thrs[i] = (tx_thrs[i] + (int)(pd / cm->MBs)) / 2;
+    }
+
+    if (cm->reference_mode == REFERENCE_MODE_SELECT) {
+      int single_count_zero = 0;
+      int comp_count_zero = 0;
+
+      for (i = 0; i < COMP_INTER_CONTEXTS; i++) {
+        single_count_zero += counts->comp_inter[i][0];
+        comp_count_zero += counts->comp_inter[i][1];
+      }
+
+      if (comp_count_zero == 0) {
+        cm->reference_mode = SINGLE_REFERENCE;
+        vp9_zero(counts->comp_inter);
+      } else if (single_count_zero == 0) {
+        cm->reference_mode = COMPOUND_REFERENCE;
+        vp9_zero(counts->comp_inter);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (cm->tx_mode == TX_MODE_SELECT) {
+      int count4x4 = 0;
+      int count8x8_lp = 0, count8x8_8x8p = 0;
+      int count16x16_16x16p = 0, count16x16_lp = 0;
+      int count32x32 = 0;
+
+      for (i = 0; i < TX_SIZE_CONTEXTS; ++i) {
+        count4x4 += counts->tx.p32x32[i][TX_4X4];
+        count4x4 += counts->tx.p16x16[i][TX_4X4];
+        count4x4 += counts->tx.p8x8[i][TX_4X4];
+
+        count8x8_lp += counts->tx.p32x32[i][TX_8X8];
+        count8x8_lp += counts->tx.p16x16[i][TX_8X8];
+        count8x8_8x8p += counts->tx.p8x8[i][TX_8X8];
+
+        count16x16_16x16p += counts->tx.p16x16[i][TX_16X16];
+        count16x16_lp += counts->tx.p32x32[i][TX_16X16];
+        count32x32 += counts->tx.p32x32[i][TX_32X32];
+      }
+      if (count4x4 == 0 && count16x16_lp == 0 && count16x16_16x16p == 0 &&
+          count32x32 == 0) {
+        cm->tx_mode = ALLOW_8X8;
+        reset_skip_tx_size(cm, TX_8X8);
+      } else if (count8x8_8x8p == 0 && count16x16_16x16p == 0 &&
+                 count8x8_lp == 0 && count16x16_lp == 0 && count32x32 == 0) {
+        cm->tx_mode = ONLY_4X4;
+        reset_skip_tx_size(cm, TX_4X4);
+      } else if (count8x8_lp == 0 && count16x16_lp == 0 && count4x4 == 0) {
+        cm->tx_mode = ALLOW_32X32;
+      } else if (count32x32 == 0 && count8x8_lp == 0 && count4x4 == 0) {
+        cm->tx_mode = ALLOW_16X16;
+        reset_skip_tx_size(cm, TX_16X16);
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    cm->reference_mode = SINGLE_REFERENCE;
+    encode_frame_internal(cpi);
+  }
+}
+
+static void sum_intra_stats(FRAME_COUNTS *counts, const MODE_INFO *mi) {
+  const PREDICTION_MODE y_mode = mi->mbmi.mode;
+  const PREDICTION_MODE uv_mode = mi->mbmi.uv_mode;
+  const BLOCK_SIZE bsize = mi->mbmi.sb_type;
+
+  if (bsize < BLOCK_8X8) {
+    int idx, idy;
+    const int num_4x4_w = num_4x4_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+    const int num_4x4_h = num_4x4_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+    for (idy = 0; idy < 2; idy += num_4x4_h)
+      for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx += num_4x4_w)
+        ++counts->y_mode[0][mi->bmi[idy * 2 + idx].as_mode];
+  } else {
+    ++counts->y_mode[size_group_lookup[bsize]][y_mode];
+  }
+
+  ++counts->uv_mode[y_mode][uv_mode];
+}
+
+static void encode_superblock(VP9_COMP *cpi, ThreadData *td,
+                              TOKENEXTRA **t, int output_enabled,
+                              int mi_row, int mi_col, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                              PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = &td->mb;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MODE_INFO **mi_8x8 = xd->mi;
+  MODE_INFO *mi = mi_8x8[0];
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &mi->mbmi;
+  const int seg_skip = vp9_segfeature_active(&cm->seg, mbmi->segment_id,
+                                             SEG_LVL_SKIP);
+  const int mis = cm->mi_stride;
+  const int mi_width = num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+  const int mi_height = num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+
+  x->skip_recode = !x->select_tx_size && mbmi->sb_type >= BLOCK_8X8 &&
+                   cpi->oxcf.aq_mode != COMPLEXITY_AQ &&
+                   cpi->oxcf.aq_mode != CYCLIC_REFRESH_AQ &&
+                   cpi->sf.allow_skip_recode;
+
+  if (!x->skip_recode && !cpi->sf.use_nonrd_pick_mode)
+    memset(x->skip_txfm, 0, sizeof(x->skip_txfm));
+
+  x->skip_optimize = ctx->is_coded;
+  ctx->is_coded = 1;
+  x->use_lp32x32fdct = cpi->sf.use_lp32x32fdct;
+  x->skip_encode = (!output_enabled && cpi->sf.skip_encode_frame &&
+                    x->q_index < QIDX_SKIP_THRESH);
+
+  if (x->skip_encode)
+    return;
+
+  set_ref_ptrs(cm, xd, mbmi->ref_frame[0], mbmi->ref_frame[1]);
+
+  if (!is_inter_block(mbmi)) {
+    int plane;
+    mbmi->skip = 1;
+    for (plane = 0; plane < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++plane)
+      vp9_encode_intra_block_plane(x, MAX(bsize, BLOCK_8X8), plane);
+    if (output_enabled)
+      sum_intra_stats(td->counts, mi);
+    vp9_tokenize_sb(cpi, td, t, !output_enabled, MAX(bsize, BLOCK_8X8));
+  } else {
+    int ref;
+    const int is_compound = has_second_ref(mbmi);
+    for (ref = 0; ref < 1 + is_compound; ++ref) {
+      YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *cfg = get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi,
+                                                     mbmi->ref_frame[ref]);
+      assert(cfg != NULL);
+      vp9_setup_pre_planes(xd, ref, cfg, mi_row, mi_col,
+                           &xd->block_refs[ref]->sf);
+    }
+    if (!(cpi->sf.reuse_inter_pred_sby && ctx->pred_pixel_ready) || seg_skip)
+      vp9_build_inter_predictors_sby(xd, mi_row, mi_col, MAX(bsize, BLOCK_8X8));
+
+    vp9_build_inter_predictors_sbuv(xd, mi_row, mi_col, MAX(bsize, BLOCK_8X8));
+
+    vp9_encode_sb(x, MAX(bsize, BLOCK_8X8));
+    vp9_tokenize_sb(cpi, td, t, !output_enabled, MAX(bsize, BLOCK_8X8));
+  }
+
+  if (output_enabled) {
+    if (cm->tx_mode == TX_MODE_SELECT &&
+        mbmi->sb_type >= BLOCK_8X8  &&
+        !(is_inter_block(mbmi) && (mbmi->skip || seg_skip))) {
+      ++get_tx_counts(max_txsize_lookup[bsize], vp9_get_tx_size_context(xd),
+                      &td->counts->tx)[mbmi->tx_size];
+    } else {
+      int x, y;
+      TX_SIZE tx_size;
+      // The new intra coding scheme requires no change of transform size
+      if (is_inter_block(&mi->mbmi)) {
+        tx_size = MIN(tx_mode_to_biggest_tx_size[cm->tx_mode],
+                      max_txsize_lookup[bsize]);
+      } else {
+        tx_size = (bsize >= BLOCK_8X8) ? mbmi->tx_size : TX_4X4;
+      }
+
+      for (y = 0; y < mi_height; y++)
+        for (x = 0; x < mi_width; x++)
+          if (mi_col + x < cm->mi_cols && mi_row + y < cm->mi_rows)
+            mi_8x8[mis * y + x]->mbmi.tx_size = tx_size;
+    }
+    ++td->counts->tx.tx_totals[mbmi->tx_size];
+    ++td->counts->tx.tx_totals[get_uv_tx_size(mbmi, &xd->plane[1])];
+  }
+}